褪黑素在活性氧致精子线粒体功能损伤中的保护作用

目的 :探讨活性氧 (ROS)对精子线粒体功能的损伤以及褪黑素 (MLT)的保护作用。　方法 :采用Percoll梯度离心法选择具有正常生理功能的精子 ,作为本实验的正常精子模型。应用次黄嘌呤—黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生ROS ,在MLT存在与不存在情况下 ,与精子模型分别孵育 30和 6 0min后 ,采用酶组织化学方法分析精子线粒体部位的琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH)活性 ,采用Rhodamine 1 2 3(Rh1 2 3)荧光探针标记精子 ,通过流式细胞仪检测线粒体膜电位。　结果 :正常精子与ROS孵育后 ,精子线粒体膜电位明显降低 ,线粒体SDH活力降低极为显著 ;而MLT则减轻了ROS对精子线粒体功能的损伤。　结论 :ROS可通过对精子线粒体膜电位和SDH活力的影响 ,而导致精子线粒体功能损伤 ;MLT可通过其有效的抗氧化能力 ,保护精子对抗ROS对其线粒体功能的损伤     

体外rhTNF-a对人精子运动、线粒体功能影响的实验研究

~~体外rhTNF-α对人精子运动、线粒体功能影响的实验研究@边疆$三峡大学医学院男科学研究所!湖北宜昌443003 @郭贤坤$三峡大学医学院男科学研究所!湖北宜昌443003 @熊承良$华中科技大学同济医学院计划生育研究所!湖北武汉430030 @黎家华$三峡大学医学院病理学教研室!湖北宜昌443003 @田永红$华中科技大学同济医学院计划生育研究所!湖北武汉430030 @马华刚$华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院生殖医学中心!湖北武汉430030 @张燕$三峡大学医学院男科学研究所!湖北宜昌443003 @聂勇$三峡大学医学院男科学研究所!湖北宜…     

线粒体氧化磷酸化抑制剂FCCP体外对人精子动力学和线粒体功能的影响

目的通过线粒体氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)特异性抑制剂FCCP对人精子活动力及其线粒体功能影响的研究,探讨氧化磷酸化在精子能量代谢中的作用。方法选择来自捐精志愿者的正常精液8份,优选后制备精子悬液,将每份精子悬液分为4组,分别与终浓度为0μmol/L(对照组)、2.5μmol/L、5μmol/L和10μmol/L的FCCP共孵育1h、3h、5h,以精子动力学参数、线粒体膜电位、精子细胞内ATP含量、精子质膜完整性作为评价指标,分析比较各组间的差异。结果 (1)各组精子活动率和其他各项运动参数随着FCCP浓度增高呈下降趋势:孵育1h后,与对照组相比,仅10μmol/L组的精子活动率、前向运动百分率和精子头侧摆幅度(ALH)显著下降(P0.05),其余指标无显著性变化,而其余浓度处理组的各指标变化均无统计学意义(P0.05);孵育3h后,10μmol/L组的精子活动率、前向运动百分率、平均路径速率(VAP)、直线速率(VSL)、曲线速率(VCL)、ALH和鞭打频率(BCF)均显著降低(P0.05),5μmol/L组的ALH和BCF指标显著下降(P0.05);孵育5h后,与对照组相比,10μmol/L组的前述指标继续显著性下降(P0.05),5μmol/L组的精子活动率和前向运动百分率也出现显著降低(P0.05),而2.5μmol/L组各指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)精子线粒体膜电位(MMP)和ATP含量随FCCP浓度增加逐渐降低,10μmol/L组的MMP和ATP含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。(3)质膜完整性比较中,10μmol/L组比对照组显著降低(73.94%vs.84.53%)(P0.05)。(4)随着FCCP孵育时间延长,各组精子活动率和前向运动百分率呈下降趋势。结论不同浓度的FCCP体外处理精子后,精子活动率和其他各项运动参数,以及反映线粒体活性的线粒体膜电位和ATP含量呈浓度依赖性下降,FCCP所抑制的线粒体氧化磷酸化是精子能量代谢的重要途径。     

铝对大鼠精子质量及精子线粒体的影响

目的:研究铝暴露对大鼠精子质量及精子线粒体的超微结构、线粒体膜电位(MMP)水平及膜通透性转换孔(MPTP)功能状态的影响,探讨铝降低精子质量的可能作用机制。方法:取体重为180～200 g雄性Wistar大鼠96只,根据饮水中AlCl_3的半数致死量(LD50),采用AlCl_3·6H_2O水溶液饮水暴露法,设置高剂量组[1/5 LD50,256.72 mg/(kg·d)]、中剂量组[1/10 LD50,128.36 mg/(kg·d)]、低剂量组[1/20 LD50,64.18 mg/(kg·d)]及对照组[0 mg/(kg·d)],每组随机分配24只,连续作用16周。实验结束时对各组大鼠附睾精子进行质量检测,透射电镜下观察精子线粒体结构,并采用流式细胞术测定精子线粒体的MMP水平及MPTP的功能状态。结果:与对照组比较,低、中、高剂量铝暴露组前向运动精子百分率均显著低于对照组[(46.49±5.37)%、(33.50±8.75)%、(16.94±5.00)%vs(66.28±5.68)%,P0.01];死精子率显著高于对照组[(19.73±5.57)%、(35.80±5.90)%、(55.19±4.97)%vs(12.71±4.84)%,P0.01];畸形精子百分率显著高于对照组[(19.06±2.44)%、(23.78±3.29)%、(32.06±4.65)%vs(14.56±1.62)%,P0.01]。随着铝暴露剂量的增加,铝暴露组精子线粒体肿胀越明显;铝暴露组大鼠的精子MMP水平显著低于对照组[(60.88±7.37)%、(51.54±6.12)%、(37.70±7.44)%vs(74.35±4.67)%,P0.01],MMP水平与铝暴露剂量呈负相关(r_s=-0.819,P0.01);病理性开放的MPTP水平显著高于对照组[(27.80±5.74)%、(36.58±6.67)%、(64.95±8.07)%vs(15.37±7.13)%,P0.01],病理性开放MPTP与铝暴露剂量呈正相关(r_s=0.867,P0.01)。结论:铝暴露可致大鼠精子线粒体肿胀、精子MMP水平降低及MPTP病理性开放,并因此引起精子质量下降。     

线粒体功能障碍在尿酸损伤肾小管上皮细胞中的作用

目的:探讨线体功能在尿酸损伤肾小管上皮细胞中的作用。方法:体外培养大鼠肾小管上皮细胞,将其分为对照组(N)、尿酸0.1 mmol/L组(U1)、尿酸0.2 mmol/L组(U2)、尿酸0.4 mmol/L组(U3)、尿酸0.6 mmol/L组(U4)。观察细胞形态的改变,计算细胞凋亡率;检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)的生成情况;观察线粒体膜电位变化。结果:尿酸干预组肾小管上皮细胞形态较对照组发生明显变化。尿酸干预组肾小管上皮细胞凋亡率较对照组明显上升(P0.05)。尿酸干预组线粒体膜电位较对照组显著下降(P0.05),U2、U3、U4之间,随着尿酸浓度的增加线粒体膜电位逐渐下降(P0.05)。尿酸干预组活性氧的水平较对照组明显升高(P0.05),随尿酸浓度的增加活性氧的水平逐渐增加(P0.05)。相关性分析显示肾小管上皮细胞凋亡率与线粒体膜电位的降低和活性氧的生成显著正相关(r=0.964,r=0.932,P0.01)。结论:线粒体功能障碍参与了尿酸致肾小管上皮细胞损伤的过程,为尿酸性肾病的诊治提供新的靶点。     

黄精赞育胶囊对弱精子症患者精子线粒体膜电位的影响

目的:观察黄精赞育胶囊对弱精子症患者精子线粒体膜电位的影响及临床疗效。方法:弱精子症患者70例分药物治疗组(n=39)和空白对照组(n=31)做队列观察研究。药物治疗组予黄精赞育胶囊口服3个月,1次4粒,每日3次。服用时可备孕,期间若配偶怀孕则停止用药。空白对照组不予药物干预。观察初次就诊和3个月后精液参数变化,及JC-1染色后流式细胞仪检测精子线粒体膜电位(MMP)值的变化。结果:两组各失随访1例。药物治疗组总有效率为71.05%,服药过程中3例患者女方自然妊娠。药物治疗组35例患者完成观察期结束后检查,MMP%、精子总活力、前向运动精子百分率(PR%)、精子形态均有改善,其变化值较空白对照组30例患者的测定值有显著差异(P0.01),分别为△MMP%:(20.28±14.21)%vs(1.19±10.36)%;△PR%:(17.58±12.73)%vs(2.26±8.29)%;△总活力:(20.68±14.12)%vs(3.46±8.67)%;△正常形态精子百分率:(3.37±3.99)%vs(0.23±3.48)%。MMP%与精子总活力(r=0.69)、PR%(r=0.75)、正常形态精子百分率(r=0.26)具有显著相关性(P0.01)。结论:黄精赞育胶囊能提高精子MMP值,改善线粒体功能,从而有效增加精子活力及PR%并改善精子形态,对治疗弱精子症安全有效。     

异丙酚对过氧化氢所致的心肌线粒体损伤的影响

本研究拟通过差速分级离心法分离线粒体，用H2O2模拟心肌线粒体的氧化应激，测定心肌线粒体膜渗透性转换(MPT)和线粒体跨膜电位(△ψm)对不同浓度异丙酚对线粒体的保护作用。     

五子衍宗丸对少弱精子症模型大鼠精子线粒体膜电位及超微结构影响

目的:研究五子衍宗丸对少弱精子症模型大鼠精子线粒体膜电位(MMP)水平及线粒体超微结构的影响。方法:取体重为200～220 g雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分成正常组,模型组,对照组(黄精赞育胶囊组),五子衍宗丸低、中、高剂量组,除正常组外,其他各组大鼠灌服雷公藤多苷[30 mg/(kg.d)],连续8周,制备少弱精子症模型。造模结束后,正常组、模型组给予等容量蒸馏水[10 ml/(kg.d)],对照组给予黄精赞育胶囊溶液[3.01 g/(kg.d)],五子衍宗丸各组分别给予水提液,低剂量组[2.30 g生药/(kg.d)],中剂量组[4.60 g生药/(kg.d)],高剂量组[9.20 g生药/(kg.d)],连续30 d。末次给药后30 min,采用荧光流式细胞技术(JC-1染色)测定精子MMP水平(JC-1+%),并通过透射电镜观察精子线粒体超微结构的改变。结果:①MMP:JC-1+%和强度分别为:正常组70.80±4.92、4 360±945;模型组33.77±6.19、1 4685±496;对照组56.34±10.35、3 277±895;五子衍宗丸低剂量组40.80±10.40、2 016±767;中剂量组59.40±6.51、3 897±643;高剂量组60.71±7.81、3 371±6467。造模各组大鼠精子线粒体JC-1+%及强度均明显下降,与正常组比较差异有显著性意义(P均<0.05);连续给药30 d后,给药各组均能明显提高精子MMP,增加JC-1+%,除低剂量组外,其他用药各组与模型组比较差异有显著性意义(P均<0.05)。②精子线粒体超微结构:雷公藤造模后,精子外膜松散、变性,线粒体肿胀、大小不一、线粒体膜不完整,轴丝结构不清或出现断裂。给予五子衍宗丸30 d后,精子外膜及线粒体膜结构完整,减少线粒体肿胀,轴丝及微管结构基本正常。结论:雷公藤多苷能降低精子MMP水平,破坏线粒体的结构。五子衍宗丸能明显提高少弱精子症模型大鼠精子MMP水平,减轻精子线粒体结构损伤。保护精子线粒体结构与功能的完整是五子衍宗丸治疗少弱精子症的机制之一。     

精子线粒体膜电位评估男性生育力的作用研究进展

全球目前约有15％的适龄夫妇无法生育,其病因中男方因素占约20％,男方因素是导致适龄夫妇无法生育的重要原因之一[1,2].另外目前国内外最新流行病学显示男性精液质量呈逐年下降趋势[3].而不明原因的少、弱、畸形精子症,即特发性少、弱、畸形精子症,又占据男性不育中的较大比例,因此精液质量与男性生育力密切相关[45].目前...     

人钠/二羧酸协同转运蛋白3基因调控肾小管上皮细胞线粒体膜电位的研究

目的 观察人钠／二羧酸协同转运蛋白3(hNaDC3，)对人肾脏近曲小管上皮细胞(HKC)线粒体膜电位的变化及其对细胞能量代谢的影响。方法 应用亚克隆技术构建正义pcDNA3-hNaDC3和反义pcDNA3-AhNaDC3两个真核表达载体，通过脂质体LipofectAMINE将pcDNA3-hNaDC3及pcDNA3-AhNaDC3转染至HKC细胞。克隆筛选后，用RT—PCR、Northern印迹及Western印迹鉴定外源基因的整合和表达。荧光探针JC-1观察各细胞系线粒体膜电位的变化。结果 外源hNaDC3基因稳定整合到HKC细胞基因组中，并获得高、低表达。转染正义hNaDC3cDNA的HKC细胞线粒体膜电位降低，JC-1在线粒体内形成单体，发出绿色荧光；而转染反义hNaDC3cDNA的HKC细胞线粒体膜电位略微升高，JC-1形成聚合体，发出红色荧光。结论 hNaDC3过表达引起线粒体膜电位降低，反义hNaDC3则使线粒体膜电位略微升高。提示NaDC3可能通过使线粒体膜电位下降，参与了细胞能量代谢。     

Monosodium iodoacetate induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway involving ROS production and caspase activation in rat chondrocytes in vitro

Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) is an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and causes dose‐dependent cartilage degradation resembling the pathological changes of human osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we assessed the apoptosis induced by MIA and clarified the underlying mechanisms using the primary rat chondrocytes. The apoptosis of primary rat chondrocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were evaluated using fluorescence spectrophotometer. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. Apoptosis‐related protein cytochrome c and procaspase‐3 expressions were examined by Western blotting. We found that MIA treatment induces apoptosis in chondrocytes, as confirmed by increases in the percent of apoptotic cells, up‐regulation of cytochrome c and caspase‐3 protein levels. Treatment with MIA increases ROS production and decreases the levels of ΔΨm. The antioxidant, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), significantly prevented the production of ROS, the reduction of ΔΨm, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase‐3. Further, NAC completely protected the cells from MIA‐induced apoptosis. Together these observations suggest that the mechanisms of MIA‐induced apoptosis are primarily via ROS production and mitochondria‐mediated caspase‐3 activation in primary rat chondrocytes. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 364–369, 2013     

Overtime expression of plasma membrane and mitochondrial function markers associated with cell death in human spermatozoa exposed to nonphysiological levels of reactive oxygen species

In many cell types, the potential of reactive oxygen species to induce death processes has been largely demonstrated. Studies in spermatozoa have associated the imbalance of reactive oxygen species and phosphatidylserine externalisation as an apoptosis marker. However, the lack of consensus about time effect in the joint expression of these and other death markers has made it difficult to understand the set of mechanisms influenced beyond the concentration effect of reactive oxygen species to stimulate cell death. Here, the plasma membrane permeability and integrity, phosphatidylserine externalisation and mitochondrial membrane potential were jointly evaluated as death markers in human spermatozoa stimulated with H₂O₂. The results showed a profound and sustained effect of dissipation in the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increased phosphatidylserine externalisation in human spermatozoa exposed to 3 mmol⁻¹ of H₂O₂ at 30 min. This was followed by an increased membrane permeability after 45 min. The last observed event was the loss of cell membrane integrity at 60 min. In conclusion, mitochondria are rapidly affected in human spermatozoa exposed to reactive oxygen species, with the barely detectable mitochondrial membrane potential coexisting with the high phosphatidylserine externalisation in cells with normal membrane permeability.     

JC-1单标法检测精索静脉曲张患者精子线粒体膜电位的研究

目的:检测精索静脉曲张患者精子线粒体膜电位并探讨其临床意义。方法:将67例精索静脉曲张患者分为VC1组(精索静脉曲张1度,n=26)、VC2组(精索静脉曲张2度,n=21)和VC3组(精索静脉曲张3度,n=20),以正常生育男性为正常对照组(n=29)。通过计算机辅助精液分析系统进行精液常规分析。精液标本洗涤处理后用荧光染料JC-1染色后上流式细胞仪分析,检测精子线粒体膜电位(JC-1+%)。结果:VC1、VC2、VC3组精子线粒体膜电位[(56.29±16.32)%,P<0.05;(45.04±13.21)%,P<0.01;(31.63±12.91)%,P<0.01]均显著低于正常对照组[(76.21±13.96)%]。96例标本中,JC-1+%与(a+b)级精子百分率呈显著正相关(r=0.693,P=0.000)。结论:精索静脉曲张可引起精子线粒体膜电位降低,可能是导致男性不育的重要原因之一。     

Protection of melatonin against damage of sperm mito-chondrial function induced by reactive oxygen species

Aim: To study the mitochondrial function damage of sperm in-duced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the protection of melatonin (MLT) against the damage. Methods: Normal function spermatozoa were selected from semen samples by Percoll gradi-ent centrifugation technique. The ROS generated by the hypoxan-thine xanthine oxidase system was incubated with the normal sper-matozoa in the presence or absence of MLT (6 retool/L) for 30 and 60 minutes.     

定量PCR法测定人精子中DAZ基因的相对含量

目的 :建立测定人精子中DAZ基因相对含量的定量PCR法。　方法 :应用定量PCR法测定了 90例精子发生正常男性精子DNA中DAZ基因的相对含量 ,并确定其正常值范围。　结果 :以ZFX/ZFY基因为外部参照 ,精子发生正常男性精子DNA中DAZ基因的相对含量正常值为 1 47± 0 2 93。重复性试验结果表明其批内变异系数分别为 5 8%、6 5 % ,批间变异系数分别为 9 5 %、10 8%。　结论 :定量PCR法测定人精子中DAZ基因的相对含量是一种切实可行的检测方法。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子对小鼠获能精子线粒体膜电位的影响

目的:检测尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子(uPA)体外对小鼠获能精子线粒体膜电位的影响。方法:采用线粒体膜电位荧光染料JC-1,利用流式细胞仪和荧光显微镜检测分别与uPA(实验组)和BWW液(对照组)共孵育0、5、15、30、60min的小鼠获能精子线粒体膜电位状态。结果:①在uPA作用第5、15min时,精子体内平均荧光强度较作用前显著增加,高膜电位的精子数量百分率相应增加(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,实验组在uPA作用5、15min时的高膜电位精子数量百分率,以及作用15、30、60min时的精子线粒体膜电位平均荧光强度显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:uPA在体外可以增加小鼠获能精子的线粒体膜电位,并使高膜电位状态维持一段时间,为获能精子提供充足的能量供应。     

Effects of semen processing on the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential of human spermatozoa

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of semen processing on the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in spermatozoa, and to develop reliable indexes for the evaluation of sperm quality during sperm preparation. Swim-up and density gradient centrifugation methods were used to separate semen in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), leucocytospermia (LC) and normozoospermia groups. Levels of ROS and MMP were measured by flow cytometry. Before preparation, the patients with abnormal semen parameters had a lower MMP and higher ROS, and there was a negative correlation between MMP and ROS. The levels of MMP and ROS increased significantly, especially ROS produced by swim-up. A significant difference was found between the correlation of MMP and total normal motile sperm count after preparation in the OAT group. The level of ROS was associated with the amount of white blood cells in the LC group. The MMP can be used as an objective index to evaluate the sperm quality of OAT patients, and the combination of MMP and ROS can be used to assess the efficiency of sperm preparation in LC patients. These findings can guide selection of the ideal sperm separation technique for different sperm samples.     

Sperm separation in patients with urogenital infections

Summary. A total of 196 patients attending the Center of Dermatology and Andrology, Giessen, Germany, were examined for fertility problems. Polymorphonuclear elastase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the number of round and peroxidase-positive cells were investigated in addition to routine semen analysis. The ejaculates were also analysed before and after sperm separation by means of swim-up or glass wool filtration. In 20 cases of leukocytospermia, sperm concentration, motility, viability, production of reactive oxygen species, and the number of peroxidase-positive cells were evaluated before and after glass wool filtration. The results show that ROS production by viable spermatozoa is highly correlated with the concentration of PMN elastase and the number of both peroxidase-positive and round cells. Multiple regression analysis with motility as dependent parameter showed the number of round cells ( n = 91; r = -0.332; P = 0.0030) to be the most important parameter affecting motility, while ROS mainly affects the viability of spermatozoa ( n = 69; r = 0.250; P = 0.0107). In the case of leukocytospermia, glass wool filtration significantly reduced the number of peroxidase-positive cells and ROS production ( P = 0.0098 and P = 0.0005, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for ROS production in the ejaculate using a concentration of 1.000 ng ml⁻¹ PMN elastase as decisive parameter resulted in a cut-off value of 49,489.9 counts 10⁻⁷ viable spermatozoa. The statistical parameters were: Sensitivity: 63.2%, specificity: 100%, positive predictive value: 100%, negative predictive value: 36.1%.     

Typha capensis (Rohrb.)N.E.Br. (bulrush) extract scavenges free radicals, inhibits collagenase activity and affects human sperm motility and mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro: a pilot study

The biodiversity in South Africa provides more than 30,000 higher plants, of which more than 3000 are used by traditional healers to treat diseases. Typha capensis (bulrush) is one of the medicinal plants used in South Africa to treat male fertility problems. Considering that South African traditional healers have been recognised by Law and the health benefits of T. capensis have not been scientifically investigated yet, this study aimed at investigating the in vitro effects of aqueous extracts from this plant on male reproductive functions. Both leaves and rhizomes of T. capensis were dried, infused with distilled water and freeze-dried. Motile sperm from 50 men were isolated by swim-up and incubated with 1 μg ml(-1) aqueous extract of Typha rhizome for 1 h at 37 °C. Vitality, motility, sperm production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential were analysed in the test sample, a control and in the pellet from the swim-up. Results showed that the rhizome extract had significant (P < 0.0001) negative effects on all parameters. The extracts from the leaves and rhizomes revealed dose-dependent inhibitory activity for collagenase and free radical formation. No inhibitory activity for elastase was found. The inhibitory activity for collagenase might indicate possible anti-cancer effects.