稳压冲管在国内首型百万超超临界二次再热锅炉上的应用

根据上海锅炉厂有限公司百万机组二次再热锅炉特点,提出了采用过热器、一次再热器和二次再热器串冲的稳压冲管控制的重点和难点,详细阐述该冲管方式中锅炉运行参数的合理控制,分析冲管系统中各点冲管系数和锅炉各级受热面中蒸汽吸热比例分配,为今后该类型锅炉稳压冲管提供借鉴和指导作用。     

25t/h煤粉锅炉过热器爆管分析及措施

分析25t／h煤粉锅炉过热器频繁爆管的原因。根据锅炉改造,选用旋风分离器和钢丝网分离器,提高汽水分离效果,减少蒸汽带水,达到防止过热器积垢和再次爆管的目的。     

75t/h循环流化床锅炉折焰角积灰的危害、原因及对策

1问题的提出 青岛兴平热电有限公司2001年新建一台75t／h循环流化床锅炉,该锅炉采用高温分离方式,在炉膛出口有两个高温旋风分离器,分离器的烟气出口接锅炉对流烟道;过热器采用对流过热器,布置在分离器出口后的折转烟道处,对流过热器前排管壁上迎着烟气方向加装防磨板,蛇形管两端部、管子弯     

锅炉水冷壁爆管原因分析

2007年5月12日22：23嘉峪关宏晟电热公司新#1炉水冷壁发生爆管事故。水冷壁管规格为Ф60mm×6．5mm，材质为20G。爆管前锅炉各参数均运行正常。5月12日22：23：37″，BTG光字盘“炉膛负压低报警”，DCS炉膛负压表正到头，指示在＋300Pa以上．锅炉主蒸汽压力、主蒸汽流量、主蒸汽温度、再热器温度急剧下降，给水流量大幅度上升（由389t／h上升至502t／h），汽包水位不能正常维持，     

国外文献摘要

超超临界压力设备—川越火电站1、2号锅炉的建设川越火电站1、2号锅炉为辐射2级再热式直流锅炉,蒸汽参数为325kg/cm~2.g、571℃,蒸发量为2150t/h。炉膛采用双火焰球单炉膛普通型式,以降低炉膛高度,提高抗震性。锅炉的过热器出口集箱和主蒸汽管采用改良型9 Cr钢,过热器管和再热器管的     

国产600MW机组超临界直流锅炉吹管工艺的研究

1前言锅炉蒸汽吹管是新建机组投运前的一项重要工序,其目的是为了清除在制造、运输过程中留在过热器、再热器系统及管道中的各种杂物,防止机组运行中过热器、再热器爆管和汽机通流部分损伤,提高机组运行的安全性。国内外目前主要有两种电站锅炉吹管工艺,即降压蒸汽吹管法和稳压     

一起锅炉过热器爆管的原因分析与处理

某用户在用2#锅炉系循环流化床锅炉。锅炉型号SHF20—2．5／400-W 炉渣。额定蒸发量20t／h，过热蒸汽压力2．5MPa，过热蒸汽温度400℃，低温过热器管材20#，高温过热器管材15CrMoG，两级过热器中间设置有面式减温器。锅炉自2002年元月安装完毕，投入运行后实测过热蒸汽温度为395℃，压力≤     

锅炉热偏差的分析与控制

针对锅炉运行过程中经常出现的过热器、再热器的热偏差问题,在理论上系统分析的同时,提出了防止过热器、再热器的热偏差控制建议,以利于机组的安全运行。     

通用压力锅炉控制系统技术规范——启动分离器和低负荷压力流量控制

机组在启动和低于最小给水流量负荷下运行时,要求全部或一部分工质进入启动分离器。这样在保持水冷壁不过热所需的最小给水流量时,锅炉能够为汽轮机提供合格的蒸汽。图2表示的启动分离器和低负荷压力流量控制系统应该这样进行设计,当机组处于旁路系统运行时,分离器的压力和水位都应自动控制。此外,该系统还应自动控制一次过热器出口压力和汽轮机的进汽量。有关本系统的控制要求分两部分叙述:启动分离器控制和低负荷压力流量控制。     

影响1025t/h控制循环锅炉再热器喷水因素的试验研究

国内许多运行的 1 0 2 5t/h控制循环锅炉主要性能参数均能达到设计要求 ,低负荷稳燃性能好 ,启停速度快 ,调峰能力强。但是锅炉普遍存在再热器喷水量偏大的问题 ,影响了机组运行经济性。通过某台 1 0 2 5t/h控制循环锅炉再热器喷水的试验 ,分析研究影响再热器喷水量的因素 ,为同类型机组的设计优化、运行和改造提供参考。     

喷射器结构分析及两类喷射器性能比较

对气力输送喷射器内部流场进行了模拟,从数值计算的角度分析了影响喷射器性能的几个重要因素,并介绍了一种新型的同心气力输送喷射器,将其与传统的气力输送喷射器进行了比较,得出了这种喷射器的优点和实际操作中需要注意的问题。     

锅炉自动控制系统节能改造的实现

我国工业锅炉控制自动化程度不高,其操作基本上停留在手工和简单模拟仪表操作的水平,操作人员不仅劳动强度大,还容易造成运行事故。文中介绍了一种工业锅炉自动控制系统,并讨论了系统的整体构成方案。将可编程序控制器与工业控制计算机相结合,制定出先进的计算机控制系统替代了传统的控制方法。根据这种控制方法控制系统,很容易被实现,并且将达到很好的控制效果。     

汽轮机通流部分改造后机组的回热系统优化

在火电厂中应用先进的气动技术对汽轮机的通流部分进行改造后，汽轮机的膨胀效率会得到提高，而回热系统则偏离了最佳的设计工况。为了解决这个问题，采用非线性优化方法通过变动汽轮机的抽气参数得到回热系统的给水焓升最佳分配方案，从而进一步提高了机组的热力性能。研究方法和结果对火电厂机组的改造具有参考价值。图2表3参8     

浅论电能质量的问题与改善措施

现代电网与负荷构成出现新的变化趋势,由此带来的电能质量问题一直是电力用户的生产需求驱动的,提出了电能质量的问题,阐明了电能质量的内涵和指标,分析了电能质量的检测内容与方法,提出了改善电能质量的方法和措施。     

美国清洁能源产业发展战略及对我国的政策启示

美国奥巴马政府把发展清洁能源产业作为战胜危机、占领经济制高点的法宝。本文介绍了美国清洁能源产业发展的重点领域,政府为支持清洁能源产业发展采取的战略举措,并针对我国的现状提出了政策建议。     

烟气加热器转子制造工艺介绍

介绍了目前烟气脱硫装置中2种烟气加热器(GGH)转子的结构型式及特点,在制造过程中的一些制造要求及相应的工艺措施,如焊接材料的成分及选用、焊接方法的比较和选择、零件加工的要求、转子组装的要求、工艺程序和多次制造积累的相关经验介绍。制造工艺的日趋成熟,为今后开拓广阔的烟气加热器市场打下了扎实的基础。     

全氢炉氢气角度对内罩中气流影响的数值模拟

以国内某钢铁厂常用的全氢炉为例,使用计算机仿真技术对全氢炉炉台氢气进口角度改变后内罩内各处氢气流量的变化进行了仿真研究,研究结果表明氢气入口速度矢量的轴向夹角与切向夹角的变化会主要会引起顶部流通通道、第一、第二层对流板处氢气流量的变化,第三、第四层对流板处氢气流量随着氢气入口速度矢量变化范围不大,且存在"均匀轴向夹角"和"均匀切向夹角",当氢气入口速度矢量的轴向夹角和切向夹角分布在此范围时,顶部流通通道和第一、第二层对流板处氢气流通通道的氢气流量较为均匀,此时有助于内罩内各个钢卷与四周环境的换热。     

燃油注汽锅炉烟气余热回收技术

本文对稠油油田注汽锅炉余热利用潜能进行了分析,探讨了回收烟气余热的必要性。对注汽锅炉烟气余热回收方式进行了研究,提出了注汽锅炉烟气余热回收的方案。经现场实施和测试,分析证实了注汽锅炉烟气余热回收的效果。     

Analysis of the influence of the current-voltage characteristics of the voltage rectifiers on the static characteristics of hydrogen electrolyzer load

Traditionally, the determination of static load characteristics is one of the main stages in the preparation of a design model of an electric power system. It is especially important to correctly take into account energy-intensive industries, which make a huge contribution to the formation of these characteristics. In particular, the increased interest in hydrogen technologies observed in the world as one of the most promising high-tech areas of energy development, and an increase in the share of the installed capacity of generation units based on renewable energy sources determine the prospects for the development of hydrogen production by water electrolysis. Accordingly, a significant increase in the scale of application of hydrogen technologies, in particular, in accordance with the “Hydrogen Strategy for Climatically Neutral Europe”, the European Commission for the production of “green” hydrogen, determines the task of forming correct mathematical models of these devices in terms planning of modes, analyzing their impact on the parameters of electric power systems. Determination of static load characteristics on the basis of a physical experiment will not allow obtaining a characteristic with a significant increase or decrease in voltage in the node of the electric power system, which occur only in emergency modes of operation of the power system. Therefore, it seems relevant to analyze and determine the electrical characteristics of consumers by mathematical modeling of the power circuit. This article presents the results of correcting the static load characteristic of a high-power electrolyzer used in the production of hydrogen. The analysis of these results obtained with the MATLAB software is carried out using least squares regression to procure polynomial functions of the static load characteristics. According to this analysis, the static characteristics of the considered electrolyzer, being close to linear within the control range, outside the control range acquire parabolic dependences of active and reactive power on voltage. The static load characteristics of the installation are determined by the parameters of the power circuit and the current-voltage characteristic of the rectifiers displacing the vertices of the parabolas from the origin, which should be taken into account to increase the reliability of the design scheme.     

Evidence of the illegitimacy of the additive approach to the determination of the thermophysical properties of coal-water fuel with glycerol

For the fuel ignition, the thermal conductivity and heat capacity are the key properties that determine the pre-ignition behavior of the drop of the fuel. The classic monophase fuels, such as natural gas, liquid propellants, or solid one-component fuels, have been investigated for a long time; and their thermophysical properties are well known in most of the cases. Composite fuels, which have recently attracted the attention of the researchers, have complex contents. In many cases, composite fuel is a mixture of solid and liquid components in the form of a slurry. Coal-water fuel and its derivatives with different additives are examples of such type fuels. For those fuels, the thermophysical properties are usually unknown. Nowadays, researchers use simple additivity theory for the calculation of the thermophysical properties of complex fuels for the first approach. Authors of this research believe that the simple additivity approach is not correct and can lead to the wrong results in the case of the numerical research of the ignition and burning processes of such a fuel. In the present research, the thermophysical properties of coal-water fuel with glycerol additives were experimentally obtained. It was found that the coefficient of thermal conductivity increases with temperature and varies in the range of 0.45 to 0.53 W/(m·K). The heat capacity of the fuel also increases with the temperature and varies from 4.7 to 5.5 kJ/kg·K. The higher the glycerol content, the lower the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the composite fuel in the investigated temperature range. The results confirm the failure of the approach of the additivity law usage. Neither, thermal conductivity coefficient or heat capacity of the coal-water fuel with the addition of up to 20% glycerol complies with the additivity law. Differences between real values of the thermophysical properties and calculated ones are more than 30% to 50%. Empirical expressions for calculation of the thermophysical properties of coal-water fuel with the addition of up to 20% glycerol are presented.