甲基原薯蓣皂苷对人肝微粒体中7种CYP450酶活性的影响

目的研究甲基原薯蓣皂苷对CYP450酶的7种亚型酶活性的影响。方法将MPD和CYP450酶7种亚型的特异性探针底物咖啡因(CYP1A2)、右美沙芬(CYP2D6)、甲苯磺丁脲(CYP2C9)、s-美芬妥因(CYP2C19)、氯唑沙宗(CYP2E1)、香豆素(CYP2A6)及咪达唑仑(CYP3A4)与人肝微粒体进行孵化反应,采用HPLC和LC-MS/MS法测定对应的7种代谢产物(1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、去甲右美沙芬、4-羟基甲苯磺丁脲、4-羟基美芬妥因、6-羟基氯唑沙宗、7-羟基香豆素和1-羟基咪达唑仑)的浓度,通过与对照组比较,确定MPD对以上7种酶活性的影响。结果MPD在1~10μmol.L-1时对7种酶均无明显抑制作用,在100μmol.L-1时对CYP2D6有抑制趋势,但对其他6种酶无抑制作用,均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MPD在与以上6种酶(CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP2C19、CYP3A4、CYP2C9和CYP2A6)代谢的药物联合用药时,发生药物相互作用的可能性较小。     

苦碟子注射液对大鼠肝微粒体CYP450酶5个亚型的体外抑制作用

目的研究苦碟子注射液对大鼠肝微粒体CYP450酶的体外抑制作用。方法制备大鼠肝微粒体。将苦碟子注射液分别与混合探针药物非那西丁、甲苯磺丁脲、奥美拉唑、睾酮和氯唑沙宗共同孵育,UPLC-MS/MS法检测各探针药物的代谢物。结果在测定浓度范围内,苦碟子注射液对CYP2E1、CYP2C9和CYP2C19的活性抑制率小于50%;对CYP1A2、CYP3A4的IC_(50)值分别为12.68%、8.11%,远高于临床日用药浓度0.20%~0.80%。结论在正常剂量下,苦碟子注射液对大鼠CYP2E1、CYP2C9、CYP2C19几乎不显示抑制作用,对CYP1A2、CYP3A4几乎没有抑制作用。     

丹参注射液对人肝微粒体酶CYP2C9,CYP2C19,CYP2D6体外抑制作用的研究

目的 评价丹参注射液在体外对人肝微粒体酶CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6活性的影响。方法 将丹参注射液与CYP450酶3种亚型(CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6)的特异性探针底物甲苯磺丁脲、奥美拉唑、右美沙芬与大鼠肝微粒体进行孵育,采用LC-MS/MS法测定对应3种代谢产物4-羟基甲苯磺丁脲、5-羟基奥美拉唑、右啡烷的浓度,求算出IC₅₀。结果 丹参注射液对CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP2D6的IC₅₀值均>50 μg/mL。结论 丹参注射液对人肝微粒体酶CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6没有抑制作用。     

瓜蒌皮注射液对人肝微粒体CYP450酶4种亚型的影响

目的研究瓜蒌皮注射液对人肝细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶4种亚型CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C9和CYP2D6的体外抑制作用。方法瓜蒌皮注射液8个不同浓度(2%、1%、0.2%、0.05%、0.01%、0.005%、0.002%、0.000 5%)的工作液分别与4种CYP450酶亚型的探针底物混合,即非那西丁(CYP1A2)、安非他酮(CYP2B6)、双氯芬酸(CYP2C9)、右美沙芬(CYP2D6),用维拉帕米作为内标,在人肝微粒体中孵育,采用高效液相色谱法检测4种探针底物的剩余浓度,计算半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))。结果瓜蒌皮注射液对CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C9和CYP2D6的IC_(50)值均大于临床常用量。结论正常用量下,瓜蒌皮注射液对人CYP450酶的4亚型无明显影响。     

头花蓼水提取物对CYP450酶诱导和抑制作用研究

目的考察头花蓼水提取物对人肝微粒体CYP450 5种亚型酶的体外抑制作用和对小鼠的体内诱导作用,从而预测发生药物相互作用的可能性,为临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法以探针底物代谢物生成法,考察头花蓼水提取物体外对人肝微粒体主要I相代谢酶CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP3A4活性的影响;采用微粒体体外孵育法,考察小鼠经高、低剂量(1.16、0.58 g·kg-1)头花蓼水提取物分别连续灌胃7 d和14 d后,小鼠肝微粒体中主要I相代谢酶活性的变化,以评价头花蓼水提取物对小鼠肝微粒体主要CYP450酶是否有诱导作用。结果头花蓼水提取物对人肝微粒体中主要的CYP450 I相代谢酶的抑制作用均不强,IC50值在849.6~2 287 mg·L-1;与空白对照组比较,1.16 g·kg-17 d组小鼠CYP2C9和CYP3A4活性分别增加了49.9%和21.1%(P<0.01和P<0.05),0.58 g·kg-114 d组小鼠CYP2C9和CYP3A4活性分别增加了27.6%和15.5%(P<0.01和P<0.05),1.16 g·kg-114 d组小鼠CYP2C9和CYP3A4活性分别增加了67.5%和32.1%(P<0.01),头花蓼提取物对其余CYP亚型活性未见明显影响。结论在临床剂量下,头花蓼水提取物对人肝微粒体CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP3A4无明显抑制作用,对小鼠肝微粒体CYP2C9和CYP3A4显示诱导作用。     

消癌平注射液等4种抗肿瘤中药注射剂对人肝微粒体中CYP450酶7种亚型的体外抑制作用研究

目的：考察消癌平注射液等4种抗肿瘤中药注射剂对人肝微粒体CYP450酶7种亚型CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6和CYP3A4／5的体外抑制作用。方法：消癌平注射液等4种抗肿瘤中药注射剂分别与7种CYP450酶亚型对应的混合探针药物在人肝微粒体中共同孵育,采用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC—MS／MS）法同时测定这7种探针药物的代谢产物：对乙酰氨基酚、羟基安非他酮、去甲阿莫地喹、4-羟基双氯芬酸、4-羟基美芬妥英、右啡烷和1-羟基咪达唑仑的浓度,分别代表CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6和CYP3A4／5的活性,其对CYP450酶亚型的抑制程度以IC50值表示。结果：在体外人肝微粒体孵育体系中,消癌平注射液对CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP3A4／5的IC50值分别为0．51％、1．34％、1．42％、0．939／6、1．09％和0．75％,艾迪注射液对CYP2C8的IC50值为0．21％;消癌平注射液对CYP2D6的IC10值为2．58％,艾迪注射液对CYP2B6、CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP3A4／5的IC50值分别为13．24％、16．31％、4．27％和3．73％,华蟾素注射液对CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C8和CYP2D6的IC50值分别为3．50％、28．01％、20．32％和32．59％,康艾注射液对CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C8、CYP2D6和CYP3A4／5的IC50值分别为2．55％、15．32％、1．44％、1．72％和3．99％,均高于各自的日用药量浓度;在测定浓度范围内,艾迪注射液对CYP1A2和CYP2D6,华蟾素注射液对CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP3A4／5,康艾注射液对CYP2C9和CYP2C19的活性抑制率均小于50％。结论：在体外,正常剂量下,消癌平注射液对人CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP3A4／5,艾迪注射液体对人CYP2C8均有明显抑制作用;消癌平注射液对CYP2D6,艾迪注射液对CYP2B6、CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP3A4／5,华蟾素注射液对CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C8和CYP2D6,康艾注射液对CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C8、CYP2D6和CYP3A4／5,均无明显抑制作用;艾迪注射液对CYP1A2和CYP2D6,华蟾素注射液对CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP3A4／5,康艾注射液对CYP2C9和CYP2C19,均无抑制作用。     

常春藤皂苷元对体外人肝微粒体中5种常见细胞色素P450酶的抑制作用研究

目的 考察常春藤皂苷元对人肝微粒体中的5种细胞色素P450（CYP450）酶的抑制作用。方法 采用Cocktail探针药物法,在肝微粒体中加入常春藤皂苷元与混合探针底物[包含非那西丁（CYP1A2探针底物）、双氯芬酸钠（CYP2C9探针底物）、苯乙妥英（CYP2C19探针底物）、右美沙芬（CYP2D6探针底物）和咪达唑仑（CYP3A4探针底物）]共同孵育60 min。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法（UPLC-MS/MS）,以甲苯磺丁酰胺为内标,定量检测底物的代谢物含量,并计算常春藤皂苷元和特异性抑制药对人肝微粒体中CYP1A2、CYP2D6、CYP2C19、CYP2C9和CYP3A4的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)。结果 常春藤皂苷元对人肝微粒体中CYP1A2、CYP2D6与CYP3A4的IC₅₀值均大于50μmol·L^-1,对CYP2C9及CYP2C19的IC₅₀值分别为4.94μmol·L^-1和18.00μmol·L^-1。结论 常春藤皂苷元对肝微粒体中CYP...     

吴茱萸次碱在人肝微粒体中对细胞色素P450酶的抑制作用

目的研究吴茱萸次碱(WZY)在人肝微粒体中对细胞色素P450酶的抑制作用。方法对照组和抑制组酶活性均用探针药测定,探针药物及其代谢产物用HPLC进行检测。用代谢产物与母药比值来表达酶的活性。结果加入50μmol·L-1吴茱萸次碱组CYP1A2,CYP2C19,CYP2E1和CYP2D6的活性显著降低,CYP3A4和CYP2C9活性无显著变化。结论吴茱萸次碱对CYP1A2,CYP2C19,CYP2E1和CYP2D6的活性有显著抑制作用,而对CYP2C9和CYP3A4的活性无显著影响。     

白屈菜碱在大鼠肝微粒体中代谢的酶动力学及CYP450酶特异性抑制剂对其代谢的影响

目的研究白屈菜碱在大鼠肝微粒体中代谢的酶动力学及CYP450酶特异性抑制剂对其代谢的影响。方法将系列浓度的白屈菜碱与大鼠肝微粒体进行体外共孵育,采用HPLC法测定孵育液中剩余白屈菜碱的浓度,利用Graph Pad Prism 6.0软件进行数据拟合并计算酶动力学参数;分别将5种CYP450酶的特异性抑制剂与白屈菜碱进行共孵育,考察抑制剂对白屈菜碱代谢的影响,探讨参与其代谢的酶亚型。结果在大鼠肝微粒体中,白屈菜碱的Vmax为(3.52±0.18)mmol·min-1·kg-1;Km为(12.02±2.92)μmol·L-1;CLint为292.4 L·min-1·kg-1;CYP450酶特异性抑制剂酮康唑、α-萘黄酮、氟康唑和奎尼丁可以显著地抑制白屈菜碱的代谢,而噻氯匹定对白屈菜碱的代谢没有明显影响。结论白屈菜碱在大鼠肝微粒体中广泛代谢,CYP3A4、CYP1A2、CYP2D6、CYP2C9是参与其代谢的主要代谢酶。     

甘草次酸在人细胞色素CYP450中体外代谢研究(英)

甘草根是中医临床常用解毒草药, 其活性成分甘草次酸主要是通过肝脏代谢。本文研究了人肝微粒体以及人源性CYP450s对甘草次酸的体外代谢影响, 以及甘草次酸对几种CYP450酶活性的影响。实验结果表明, 甘草次酸体外主要代谢酶为CYP3A4。体外药代动力学参数K_m, V_max和CL_int分别为18.6 μmol·L⁻¹, 4.4 nmol·mg⁻¹(protein)·min⁻¹和0.237 mL·mg⁻¹(protein)·min⁻¹。体外抑制试验显示, 50 μmol·L⁻¹甘草次酸可以抑制CYP2C19、CYP2C9、CYP3A4酶的活性, 其抑制率可高达50%以上。     

In vitro metabolism of nobiletin,a polymethoxy-flavonoid,by human liver microsomes and cytochrome P450

1. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the liver metabolize drugs prior to excretion, with different enzymes acting at different molecular motifs. At present, the human CYPs responsible for the metabolism of the flavonoid, nobiletin (NBL), are unidentified. We investigated which enzymes were involved using human liver microsomes and 12 cDNA-expressed human CYPs.

2. Human liver microsomes metabolized NBL to three mono-demethylated metabolites (4′-OH-, 7-OH- and 6-OH-NBL) with a relative ratio of 1:4.1:0.5, respectively, by aerobic incubation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Of 12 human CYPs, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 showed high activity for the formation of 4′-OH-NBL. CYP3A4 catalyzed the formation of 7-OH-NBL with the highest activity and of 6-OH-NBL with lower activity. CYP3A5 also catalyzed the formation of both metabolites but considerably more slowly than CYP3A4. In contrast, seven CYPs (CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1) were inactive for NBL.

3. Both ketoconazole and troleandomycin (CYP3A inhibitors) almost completely inhibited the formation of 7-OH- and 6-OH-NBL. Similarly, α-naphthoflavone (CYP1A1 inhibitor) and furafylline (CYP1A2 inhibitor) significantly decreased the formation of 4′-OH-NBL.

4. These results suggest that CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are the key enzymes in human liver mediating the oxidative demethylation of NBL in the B-ring and A-ring, respectively.

     

In vitro metabolism of mirtazapine enantiomers by human cytochrome P450 enzymes

The metabolism of mirtazapine enantiomers was investigated in vitro using human lymphoblast microsomes transfected with human cDNA to overexpress either CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 and assayed for mirtazapine enantiomers using a validated chiral method of high-performance liquid chromatography. (+)-Mirtazapine was extensively metabolised by CYP2D6 (K(m) = 9.3 +/- 3.3 &mgr;mol/l, V(max) = 40.9 +/- 7.9 &mgr;mol/h/mg, intrinsic clearance = 4.41 l/h/mg). CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 showed low metabolic activity towards (+)-mirtazapine and (-)-mirtazapine respectively. Neither CYP2C9 nor CYP2C19 appeared to be involved in the metabolism of the enantiomers of mirtazapine. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

肝细胞微粒体的制备和细胞色素P450氧化酶活性测定

目的：为测定人肝细胞微粒体细胞色素Ｐ４５０氧化酶的活性。方法：用差速离心法制备３例人肝细胞微粒体。结果：细胞色素Ｐ４５０的含量为０．５２３±０．００５ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｇ－１；细胞色素ｂ５为０．２８５±０．０２５ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｇ－１；氨基比林Ｎ－脱甲基酶的活力为０．５±０．６ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｇ－１；乙基吗啡Ｎ－脱甲基酶活力为０．９８±０．０８ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｇ－１。结论：Ｐ４５０酶活性影响因素较多，个体差异大。临床用药时应考虑患者的个体情况。     

Effect of single‐walled carbon nanotubes on cytochrome P450 activity in human liver microsomes in vitro

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are made from a rolled single sheet of graphene with a diameter in the nanometer range. SWCNTs are potential carriers for drug delivery systems because antibodies or drugs can be loaded on their surface; however, their effect on the activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two kinds of SWCNTs with different lengths (FH‐P‐ and SO‐SWCNTs) on human CYP activity. In addition, other nano‐sized carbon materials, such as carbon black, fullerene‐C₆₀, and fullerene‐C₇₀ were also evaluated to compare their effects on CYP activities. Ten CYP substrates (phenacetin, coumarin, bupropion, paclitaxel, tolbutamide, S‐mephenytoin, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, midazolam, and testosterone) were used. Testosterone 6β‐hydroxylation and midazolam 1′‐hydroxylation, which are catalysed by both CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in liver microsomes, were decreased by 25% and 45%, respectively, in the presence of 0.1 mg/ml SO‐SWCNT. Dextromethorphan O‐demethylation, which is catalysed mainly by CYP2D6, was decreased by 40% in the presence of SO‐SWCNT. Other CYP activities, however, were not attenuated by SO‐SWCNT. FH‐P‐SWCNT, carbon black, fullerene‐C₆₀, and fullerene‐C₇₀ at 0.1 mg/ml had no effect on CYP activities. The K_i values for testosterone 6β‐hydroxylation, midazolam 1′‐hydroxylation, and dextromethorphan O‐demethylation in liver microsomes were 136, 34, and 56 μg/ml, respectively. SO‐SWCNT was determined to be a competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2D6. These results suggest that the effect of SO‐SWCNT differs among CYP isoforms, and that the inhibition potency depends on the physicochemical properties of the nanocarbons.     

Metabolic capabilities of cytochrome P450 enzymes in Chinese liver microsomes compared with those in Caucasian liver microsomes

AIM

The most common causes of variability in drug response include differences in drug metabolism, especially when the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved. The current study was conducted to assess the differences in CYP activities in human liver microsomes (HLM) of Chinese or Caucasian origin.

METHODS

The metabolic capabilities of CYP enzymes in 30 Chinese liver microsomal samples were compared with those of 30 Caucasian samples utilizing enzyme kinetics. Phenacetin O-deethylation, coumarin 7-hydroxylation, bupropion hydroxylation, amodiaquine N-desethylation, diclofenac 4′-hydroxylation (S)-mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylation, dextromethorphan O-demethylation, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation and midazolam 1′-hydroxylation/testosterone 6β-hydroxylation were used as probes for activities of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the differences.

RESULTS

The samples of the two ethnic groups were not significantly different in cytochrome-b₅ concentrations but were significantly different in total CYP concentrations and NADPH-P450 reductase activity (P < 0.05). Significant ethnic differences in intrinsic clearance were observed for CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1; the median values of the Chinese group were 54, 58, 26, and 35% of the corresponding values of the Caucasian group, respectively. These differences were associated with differences in Michaelis constant or maximum velocity. Despite negligible difference in intrinsic clearance, the Michaelis constant of CYP2B6 appeared to have a significant ethnic difference. No ethnic difference was observed for CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2D6 and CYP3A.

CONCLUSIONS

These data extend our knowledge on the ethnic differences in CYP enzymes and will have implications for drug discovery and drug therapy for patients from different ethnic origins.     

中药有效成分对细胞色素P450酶的抑制活性评价

目的评价10个中药有效成分对人肝微粒体5种CYP同工酶(CYP1A2、2C9、2C19、2D6和3A4)的抑制活性,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法在混合人肝微粒体孵育体系中,分别以非那西丁O-脱乙基、甲苯磺丁脲4-羟基化、奥美拉唑5-羟基化、右美沙芬O-脱甲基化和咪达唑仑1'-羟基化反应为5种同工酶代谢活性的标志,用阳性抑制剂对试验体系进行验证。应用LC-MS检测受试物对探针底物代谢产物生成量的影响,得到抑制率并计算IC50。结果柚皮素是CYP2C19的强抑制剂和1A2的中等抑制剂(IC50为0.43和4.79μmol.L-1)。异鼠李素是CYP1A2、2C9和2C19的中等抑制剂,IC50分别为5.36、1.40和3.28μmol.L-1。大黄酸对CYP1A2和3A4的IC50分别为8.32和2.50μmol.L-1,为中等抑制剂。喜树碱是CYP2C9和2C19的中等抑制剂(IC50为2.01和2.48μmol.L-1)。金雀花碱、小檗碱和齐墩果酸抑制CYP2C9、2D6和2C19的IC50分别为8.13、4.69和3.56μmol.L-1,为中等抑制剂。结论柚皮素、异鼠李素、金雀花碱、盐酸小檗碱、喜树碱、大黄酸和齐墩果酸对CYP同工酶有不同程度的抑制作用,在临床应用时应注意可能的药-药相互作用。