苯那普利、缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2表达的影响

目的观察苯那普利与缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)表达水平的影响,探讨ACE2在高血压发病机制和药物治疗中的意义。方法12周龄雄性SHR28只,分为空白对照组(Sc)、苯那普利组(10mg/kg.d)(Sb)、小剂量缬沙坦组(10mg/kg.d)(Sl)、大剂量缬沙坦组(30mg/kg.d)(Sh),每组7只,7只雄性WKY大鼠为正常对照。药物治疗3月后,用放射免疫法测定血浆AngⅡ含量,RT-PCR法测定肾脏中ACE和ACE2mRNA的表达水平,免疫组化法比较肾脏中ACE2蛋白的表达。结果与WKY大鼠相比,SHR肾脏中ACE2mRNA及其蛋白的表达均明显降低,而ACEmRNA的表达和血浆AngⅡ水平则明显升高(P<0.05)。缬沙坦治疗后SHR血压显著下降而血浆AngⅡ水平则进一步升高,肾脏中ACE2的表达水平明显升高,且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。苯那普利治疗对SHR血浆AngⅡ水平及肾脏ACE2的表达则无明显影响。结论SHR体内ACE和ACE2的表达失衡可能在高血压的发病机制中有重要意义。血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)可能通过升高SHR血浆AngⅡ的水平而增加肾脏中ACE2的表达,ACE2表达的增加可能是ARB抗高血压治疗的一个新药理机制。     

缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠血压和肾素-血管紧张素水平的对照研究

目的:动物实验观察缬沙坦的降压效果及其对血浆肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ的影响.方法:24只雄性14周龄的SHR分为生理盐水组、苯那普利组、小剂量缬沙坦和大剂量缬沙坦组,另用6 只同龄雄性WKY大鼠对照.观察用药4周前后的血压、肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ水平.结果:与生理盐水组、苯那普利组比较,缬沙坦的降压效果明确;大剂量缬沙坦平均下降41.7±4.93 mmHg,明显大于小剂量组的降压幅度27.7±4.46 mmHg,(P <0.01).SHR与WKY大鼠比较,血浆肾素活性仅在大剂量缬沙坦组明显升高;血管紧张素Ⅱ水平,大剂量缬沙坦组更为明显升高,而苯那普利组有所下降.结论:缬沙坦的降压效果优于苯那普利,苯那普利使血浆AngⅡ水平减低,而缬沙坦使血浆AngⅡ水平升高.在长期用药过程中,较高的血浆AngⅡ水平对人体的影响或对器官的影响如何,尚待进一步研究.     

培哚普利对肾性高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2的影响

目的采用两肾一夹(2K1C)高血压大鼠模型,了解培哚普利对高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)表达的影响。方法40只雄性大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组;2K1C高血压组;缬沙坦组;高剂量培哚普利组;低剂量培哚普利组。给药8周后,计算心重指数,放射免疫分析法测定血浆血管紧张素(Ang)Ⅱ水平,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肾脏ACE2 mRNA表达,免疫组织化学法检测肾脏ACE2表达。结果培哚普利和缬沙坦治疗都明显降低高血压大鼠血压(P<0.01);RT-PCR和免疫组织化学染色结果显示2K1C高血压大鼠肾脏ACE2表达较正常大鼠降低(P<0.05);经培哚普利及缬沙坦治疗后大鼠ACE2表达明显高于2K1C高血压组(P<0.05)。高剂量培哚普利组血浆AngⅡ降低较缬沙坦组明显(P<0.01)。2K1C高血压大鼠心重指数明显高于各给药组(P<0.01)。结论2K1C高血压大鼠肾脏组织中ACE2表达降低,培哚普利及缬沙坦在降压的同时能增加肾脏组织ACE2的表达。     

缬沙坦、苯那普利对自发性高血压大鼠心脏、肾脏ACE表达的影响

目的观察缬沙坦、苯那普利对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心脏,肾脏血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)表达的影响。方法采用免疫组织化学方法。结果苯那普利、缬沙坦干预明显降低SHR的血压、心体比、LVM(IP<0.05),苯那普利增加SHR心脏、肾脏ACE表达(P<0.05);缬沙坦组增加肾脏ACE表达(P<0.05),且大小剂量组无明显差别。结论苯那普利使ACE表达上调,且这种上调与血压下降及靶器官保护有关;缬沙坦只能使肾ACE表达增加。     

黄芪对高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2表达的影响

目的探讨两肾一夹(2K1C)高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)表达。了解甘肃黄芪对大鼠肾脏ACE2mRNA表达及血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的影响,观察黄芪的降压效果。方法50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组(n=10);2K1C高血压组(n=10);2K1C+缬沙坦组(n=10);2K1C+黄芪20g/(kg.d)组(n=10);2K1C+黄芪10g/(kg.d)组(n=10)。8周后,用RT-PCR法检测肾脏ACE2mRNA表达,免疫组化法检测肾脏ACE2表达,放射免疫分析法测定肾脏局部AngⅡ水平。结果2K1C高血压大鼠肾脏ACE2mRNA表达较正常大鼠降低(0.282±0.025vs0.359±0.017,P<0.05),高、低剂量黄芪及缬沙坦治疗大鼠ACE2mRNA表达(0.398±0.004,0.391±0.006,0.403±0.009)均高于对照组(0.282±0.025)(P<0.05)。高剂量黄芪组降低肾脏局部AngⅡ效果较缬沙坦组明显(P<0.01)。缬沙坦和黄芪治疗都明显降低血压(P<0.01)。结论2K1C高血压大鼠肾脏组织中ACE2mRNA表达降低。甘肃黄芪及缬沙坦在降压的同时增加肾脏组织ACE2mRNA表达。     

黄芪对高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2表达的影响

目的 探讨两肾一夹(2K1C)高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)表达.了解甘肃黄芪对大鼠肾脏ACE2 mRNA表达及血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的影响,观察黄芪的降压效果.方法 50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组(n=10);2K1C高血压组(n=10);2K1C 缬沙坦组(n=10);2K1C 黄芪20 g/(kg·d)组(n=10);2K1C 黄芪10 g/(kg·d)组(n=10).8周后,用RT-PCR法检测肾脏ACE2 mRNA表达,免疫组化法检测肾脏ACE2表达,放射免疫分析法测定肾脏局部AngⅡ水平.结果 2K1C高血压大鼠肾脏ACE2 mRNA表达较正常大鼠降低(0.282±0.025 vs 0.359±0.017,P＜0.05),高、低剂量黄芪及缬沙坦治疗大鼠ACE2 mmRNA表达(0.398±0.004,0.391±0.006,0.403±0.009)均高于对照组(0.282±0.025)(P＜0.05).高剂量黄芪组降低肾脏局部AngⅡ效果较缬沙坦组明显(P＜0.01).缬沙坦和黄芪治疗都明显降低血压(P＜0.01).结论 2K1C高血压大鼠肾脏组织中ACE2 mRNA表达降低.甘肃黄芪及缬沙坦在降压的同时增加肾脏组织ACE2 mRNA表达.     

伊贝沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2基因表达的影响

目的观察自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)的表达,探讨伊贝沙坦对SHR肾脏ACE2 mRNA表达的调节作用。方法20只14周龄雄性SHR分为SHR组和伊贝沙坦组,各10只。伊贝沙坦组每只大鼠予以伊贝沙坦50 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,给药时间12周。同时取14周龄雄性京都种Wistar大鼠10只为对照组。SHR组和对照组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃12周。采用免疫组织化学和逆转录聚合酶链反应检测各组大鼠肾脏ACE2表达,利用放射免疫测定法检测各组大鼠血浆血管紧张素(Ang)Ⅱ浓度。结果与对照组比较,SHR组ACE2 mRNA表达显著减少(0．72±0．11对1．11±0．15);与SHR组比较,伊贝沙坦组经12周治疗后,ACE2 mRNA表达明显提高(1．03±0．13对0．72±0．11),均为P<0．05。SHR肾脏ACE2 mRNA表达与血浆AngⅡ浓度成正相关(r=0．83,P<0．05)。结论ACE2在高血压大鼠肾脏表达显著减少,可能是高血压病理生理变化之一。AngⅡ-1型受体阻滞剂伊贝沙坦上调SHR肾组织ACE2 mRNA表达,提示这可能是该药物反向调节过度激活的肾素-血管紧张素系统又一新途径。     

苯那普利、缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2表达的影响

目的观察糖尿病大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)的表达及苯那普利、缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏ACE2表达水平的影响,初步探讨ACE2在糖尿病肾病发病机制中的作用。方法3月龄的SD雄性大鼠,腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为3组,每组7只,分别为糖尿病模型组、苯那普利治疗组[10mg/(kg.d)]、缬沙坦治疗组[10mg/(kg.d)],SD雄鼠7只作为正常对照组。给药3月后,处死动物、留取标本,反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法测定肾脏中ACE和ACE2 mRNA的表达水平,免疫组化法比较肾脏中ACE2蛋白的表达水平。结果与正常对照组相比,糖尿病模型组大鼠ACE、ACE2 mRNA表达分别下降30.7%、50.1%(P<0.05)。与糖尿病模型组比较,苯那普利组ACE mRNA的表达明显增加(P<0.01),ACE2 mRNA的表达无明显差异;缬沙坦组ACE mRNA的表达治疗后没有明显变化,而ACE2 mRNA和蛋白的表达均有明显增加,分别增加68.7%和69.8%(P<0.01)。结论1)肾脏局部ACE2表达水平的降低可能是糖尿病大鼠肾损害的发病机制之一;2)ARB可能是通过增加肾脏局部ACE2的表达而发挥肾脏保护作用。     

苯那普利、缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏紧张素转换酶2表达的影响

目的 观察糖尿病大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)的表达及苯那普利、缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏ACE2表达水平的影响,初步探讨ACE2在糖尿病肾病发病机制中的作用.方法 3月龄的SD雄性大鼠,腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为3组,每组7只,分别为糖尿病模型组、苯那普利治疗组[10 mg/(kg·d)]、缬沙坦治疗组[10 mg/(kg·d)],SD雄鼠7只作为正常对照组.给药3月后,处死动物、留取标本,反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法测定肾脏中ACE和ACE2 mRNA的表达水平,免疫组化法比较肾脏中ACE2蛋白的表达水平.结果 与正常对照组相比,糖尿病模型组大鼠ACE、ACE2 mRNA表达分别下降30.7%、50.1%(P＜0.05).与糖尿病模型组比较,苯那普利组ACE mRNA的表达明显增加(P＜0.01),ACE2 mRNA的表达无明显差异;缬沙坦组ACE mRNA的表达治疗后没有明显变化,而ACE2 mRNA和蛋白的表达均有明显增加,分别增加68.7%和69.8%(P＜0.01).结论 1)肾脏局部ACE2表达水平的降低可能是糖尿病大鼠肾损害的发病机制之一;2)ARB可能是通过增加肾脏局部ACE2的表达而发挥肾脏保护作用.     

氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠心脏血管紧张素转换酶2-血管紧张素(1～7)-MAS-ERK通路的影响

目的探讨氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌中血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)-血管紧张素(1～7)[Ang(1-7)]-MAS-ERK通路的影响。方法30周龄SHR随机分为SHR组(n=11)、氯沙坦组[氯沙坦灌胃30mg/(kg·d),n=12],以Wistar大鼠(WKY)作正常对照(n=12)。处理12周后,应用放射免疫法检测大鼠血浆及心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血管紧张素(1～7)[Ang-(1-7)]水平;采用RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠心肌血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)、ACE2和MAS受体mRNA水平;采用Western blot法检测ACE、ACE2和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(pERK1/2)蛋白表达水平。结果用药12周后,氯沙坦组血压明显低于SHR组[(164.3±21.6)比(241.3±24.5)mmHg,P<0.01];SHR组心肌ACE mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著高于WKY组,而ACE2 mRNA和蛋白表达、心肌MAS受体mRNA表达水平明显低于WKY组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);氯沙坦组ACE2 mRNA和蛋白表达、MAS mRNA表达水平高于SHR组(P<0.01),心...     

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty-seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non-surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status.     

Inhibition of intimal thickening of the carotid artery of rabbits and of outgrowth of explants of aorta by probucol.

The effect of administration of probucol in preventing intimal thickening of rabbit carotid artery after balloon catheter injury and the mechanism of action of the drug were studied. Groups of 6 male New Zealand-White rabbits were given normal diet (Group I), high cholesterol diet (Group II) or high cholesterol diet plus probucol (Group III) for 4 weeks. Balloon catheter injury was made in week 2 and animals were killed in week 4. No significant differences in the total cholesterol levels in Groups II and III were found in week 4. The medians of areas of the intimal layer in cross-sections of the carotid arteries of Groups I, II and III were 0.237, 0.475 and 0.309 mm2, respectively. Thus high-cholesterol diet increased the thickness of the intimal layer and probucol reduced its effect. There were no significant differences in the areas of the medial layers in these 3 groups. For the examination of the mechanism of the effect of probucol, rabbits were given chow containing 0.5% cholesterol with and without 0.5% probucol (7 rabbits each) and then the numbers of explants from their aortas showing outgrowth were compared. The plasma total cholesterol levels of these two groups were the same. The probucol concentrations in the plasma and aorta of the former group were 18.6 +/- 13.2 micrograms/ml and 7.3 +/- 5.4 micrograms/g wet tissue, respectively. The number of explants showing outgrowth on day 14 was suppressed by 34% in the probucol-treated group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)