朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症28例临床分析

朗格罕细胞细胞增生症（Langerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH)是一朗格罕细胞异常增生并损害多脏器的疾病,现将我院1991年6月－2000年3月收治的28例报告如下。     

朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症33例临床分析

探讨小儿朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床诊断和治疗情况，对33例LCH患儿临床及实验室资料进行分析。结果显示：33例LCH患儿均有病理检查诊断，其中3例免疫组化染色检查S—100蛋白阳性。有X线骨片异常19例，胸片异常18例。其中勒—雪氏病(LS)13例，韩—薛—柯综合征(HSC)3例，中间型4例，骨嗜酸肉芽肿(EGB)7例，单-器官型(淋巴结)3例，难分型3例。3岁以下Lavin—Os—band临床分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级(重型)者明显高子Ⅰ、Ⅱ级(轻型)者，说明年龄与预后有关。3例单发的EGB经病灶刮除术治愈，20例行联合化疗，其中4例VP VM26方案近期疗效满意，需进一步观察远期疗效。结论认为：本病主要根据临床、X线和病理检查配合诊断，并应做免疫组化染色检查，争取做电镜检查，以提高诊断可信度级别。Lavin-Osband临床分级有利子判断预后和决定治疗对策。VP VM26联合化疗方案近期疗效满意，值得进一步观察验证。     

儿童肺受累的朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症病例分析北大核心CSCD

目的 了解肺受累的朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症（Langerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH）儿童的临床表现及影像学特点.方法 回顾分析首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院呼吸二科近4年来因肺部症状或肺部影像学异常而就诊,并通过活检确诊为肺受累的LCH的14例患儿临床表现和影像学特征.结果 14例中男10例,女4例,男女比2.5∶1;中位发病年龄为1.3岁.所有均伴有多系统受累,最常见的是伴皮肤受累（10例,71％）,其次为肝受累（8例,57％）及骨受累（7例,50％）.最常见的表现为咳嗽伴发热（7例,50％）,呼吸道表现无特异性,3例患儿无呼吸道症状,但肺CT提示广泛肺间质改变.最常见的肺CT表现为结节合并囊泡（6例,43％）,其他表现为仅囊泡无结节（5例,36％）、仅结节无囊泡（1例）、既无结节也无囊泡（2例,14％）.结节可多发可散发,多为小结节,可大小不等,可含有囊腔.囊泡大小不等,形态不均,壁厚不均,可融合,可多发也可散发,可呈蜂窝样.7％患儿合并气胸.结论 肺受累的LCH常伴有皮肤、肝脏等多系统受累表现,易被误诊,仔细查找皮疹对于LCH的诊断有重要作用.高分辨率肺CT的特征性表现[肺间质改变、结节和（或）合并囊泡]有助于诊断.     

朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症合并恶性肿瘤2例并文献复习

目的总结和探讨朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症（1angerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH）合并恶性肿瘤的类型、发病机制、两者之间的关系及治疗。方法对我院收治的2例朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症合并恶性肿瘤患儿的病历资料进行回顾性总结并复习相关文献。结果2例患儿均为LCH合并神经母细胞瘤,两病同时诊断,患儿年龄均〈2岁,联合化疗及手术切除治疗预后良好。国外文献报道在大部分LCH和淋巴瘤、肺癌相关的病例中,LCH发生在确诊恶性肿瘤后的2年内,且和原发恶性肿瘤有紧密的病理联系,表明瘤细胞可诱发朗格罕细胞增生。而大多数LCH-白血病和LCH-其它实体瘤患者恶性肿瘤发生在LCH诊断后的较长时间,化疗继发恶性肿瘤可能性大。本文中报导的2例两种疾病同时诊断,它们之间的相互关系尚不明确。结论LCH合并恶性肿瘤临床比较罕见,LCH可能是特殊的树突细胞对恶性肿瘤反应增生的结果,或恶性肿瘤继发于LCH化疗,或者是两者独立存在,应以治疗恶性肿瘤为主,可兼顾LCH化疗。     

朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症72例临床病理与免疫组织化学分析

目的 探讨朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床病理特征与免疫表型特点.方法 回顾湖南省儿童医院2008年1月至2013年6月确诊为朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症的72例病例,对其病变累及部位、病理组织学特征、免疫组织化学表型进行分析.结果 男43例,女29例;年龄3个月～6岁8个月,平均年龄17个月.病变累及部位:骨组织38例,皮肤28例,外耳道8例,淋巴结32例.病变累及多部位60例(83.3％),累及单一部位12例(16.7％).病理组织形态学观察69例(95.8％)有核沟的朗格罕细胞,56例(77.7％)可见嗜酸性粒细胞浸润.嗜酸性粒细胞浸润在骨组织病灶为28/30例(93.3％),在皮肤组织病灶中为19/28例(67.9％),二者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=6.116,P＜0.05).免疫组织化学染色示朗格罕细胞阳性表达CD1a共72例(100％)、S-100 71例(98.6％)、Vimentin 70例(97.2％);Langerin标记阳性41例(100％).组织细胞阳性表达Vimentin共65例(90.3％),CD68 67例(93.1％).结论 小儿LCH可累及骨、皮肤、外耳道、淋巴结、肝、脾等多器官;多部位受累较单一部位累及多见.组织形态学以有核沟的朗格罕细胞增生为主要特征;嗜酸性粒细胞浸润骨组织较皮肤组织多见.单克隆抗体CD1a、Langerin、S-100等免疫组织化学染色有助诊断.     

朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症31例临床资料分析

郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)是一种非肿瘤性LC异常增生,或反应性增殖性疾病,此种增生可能是内源性或外源性刺激导致免疫调节功能紊乱所致[1]。《实用儿科学》将此病分为六型:Ⅰ型或称内脏病变及皮肤侵犯型(L-S),Ⅱ型或称骨损害伴中度内脏侵犯型(中间型),Ⅲ型或称骨损害伴轻度其他器官侵犯型(HSC),Ⅳ型为单纯骨损害型(EGB),Ⅴ型为单一器官型,Ⅵ型为难分型。因LCH临床症状多样,早期诊断困难,现报告LCH31例:1病例来源1·1一般资料:31例中LCH 16例均为我院血液科1988年4月~2004年12月住院病人,15例为苏州儿童医院血液科1989年6月~19…     

儿童皮肤单器官受累的朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症的临床分析

目的:了解儿童皮肤单器官受累的朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床特点及预后。方法:回顾性分析2013年12月至2018年6月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院血液肿瘤中心收治的16例皮肤单器官受累LCH患儿的临床特点及预后。结果:共收治578例LCH患儿,16例(2.7%)为皮肤单器官受累LCH。男女比例为1.28∶1...     

朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症33例临床分析

探讨小儿朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症 (LCH)的临床诊断和治疗情况 ,对 33例LCH患儿临床及实验室资料进行分析。结果显示 :33例LCH患儿均有病理检查诊断 ,其中 3例免疫组化染色检查S - 1 0 0蛋白阳性。有X线骨片异常 1 9例 ,胸片异常 1 8例。其中勒 -雪氏病 (LS) 1 3例 ,韩 -薛 -柯综合征 (HSC) 3例 ,中间型 4例 ,骨嗜酸肉芽肿 (EGB) 7例 ,单 -器官型 (淋巴结 ) 3例 ,难分型 3例。 3岁以下Lavin Os band临床分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级 (重型 )者明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级 (轻型 )者 ,说明年龄与预后有关。 3例单发的EGB经病灶刮除术治愈 ,2 0例行联合化疗 ,其中 4例VP +VM2 6 方案近期疗效满意 ,需进一步观察远期疗效。结论认为 :本病主要根据临床、X线和病理检查配合诊断 ,并应做免疫组化染色检查 ,争取做电镜检查 ,以提高诊断可信度级别。Lavin Osband临床分级有利于判断预后和决定治疗对策。VP +VM2 6 联合化疗方案近期疗效满意 ,值得进一步观察验证。     

儿童朗格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症34例临床分析

目的探讨儿童朗格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床特点和预后,以期提高LCH诊疗水平。方法对34例初发LCH儿童患者进行回顾性分析。结果 34例患者中位年龄14.5个月(22 d至60个月),其中0~2岁的23例、2岁的11例;高危组17例,低危组17例。30例患者接受化疗,6周化疗总有效率67%(20/30),12个月总有效率87%(26/30),3年总生存(OS)率为86%±6%,3年无事件生存(EFS)率为64%±9%。高危组患者6周化疗有效率46.7%,3年OS为72%±12%,3年EFS为46%±13%,均低于低危组(86.7%、100%、82%±9%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。高危组12个月化疗有效率(80%)与低危组(93%)的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);复发率和死亡率均为27%,而低危组无复发和死亡。结论 LCH总体生存率较高,但高危组6周化疗有效率低,远期预后较差。     

Langerhans cell histiocytosis: An exploratory epidemiologic study of 177 cases

There is little information available regarding epidemiologic risk factors for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). An exploratory investigation was conducted using information obtained from parents of 177 cases of LCH diagnosed before 21 years of age (median 2 years). Utilizing data available from the Children's Cancer Group, LCH cases were compared to two matched control groups including 614 patients diagnosed with a variety of childhood cancers and 318 community controls. Questionnaire data included information on demographics, prenatal and perinatal factors, complications in the neonatal period, environmental exposures, family medical history, and childhood exposures. Factors found to be statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of LCH included: maternal urinary tract infection during the index pregnancy, feeding problems during infancy, and blood transfusions during infancy. Use of supplemental vitamins was associated with a significantly decreased risk of LCH. Results from this exploratory study provide a basis for speculation on potential etiologic risk factors for LCH. Future epidemiologic investigations of LCH need to consider the presenting disease characteristics in assessing possible etiologic factors. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 28:92–97 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

36例朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症的临床与病理分析

目的分析朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(langerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH)传统分型和单系统/多系统分型及Lavin-Osband分级之间的联系,观察LCH病理结果,并对比临床和预后中的不同。方法回顾性调查36例LCH,分析比较其临床、病理及预后。结果36例LCH中14例单系统LCH,Lavin-OsbandⅠ、Ⅱ级,治疗后痊愈或好转12例。22例多系统LCH,多为Ⅲ、Ⅳ级;治疗后未愈或恶化9例,死亡2例。病理检查17/17例CD1a阳性;电镜6/10例找到Birbeck颗粒;12/12例Fascin染色阳性。结论现行分型分级利于直观评估病情、预后。CD1a染色比电镜找Bir-beck颗粒更简便易行。Fascin在LCH诊断中有一定作用,但其价值需大样本量的试验证实。     

朗格罕斯细胞组织细胞增多症发病机制及治疗

朗格罕斯细胞组织细胞增多症是一种少见病,大量朗格罕斯细胞组织聚集于多种脏器,导致不同的临床表现,但其发病机制尚未完全阐明.文章将该病发病机制及治疗作一阐述,以提高临床医师对该病的认识.     

Langerhans cell histiocytosis and acute leukemia: Unusual association in two cases

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a non-malignant disorder, whether localized or disseminated, and usually has a favourable prognosis. A possible relationship between LCH and neoplastic diseases has not been assessed up to now even if a few cases have been recorded. We report two new cases of acute leukemia in children with LCH. The first child had acute lymphoblastic leukemia after untreated LCH; the second developed acute promyelocytic leukemia after LCH treated with vinblastine and etoposide. To our knowledge, this is the first case of secondary leukemia after exposure to an epipodophyllotoxin derivative in a child with benign disease. Cooperative studies of large numbers of LCH patients are needed to evaluate a possible association between LCH and acute leukemia, and to identify common risk factors or predisposing agents if such be present. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Intralesional steroids in Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone

Langerhans cell histiocytosis may involve single or multiple organ systems. Bone involvement is the most common feature. We have examined retrospectively the effects of 20 intralesional injections of steroids into bone in seven patients seen at our department from 1988 to 1993. Most of these injections (75%) relieved the symptoms, and no side-effects were observed. However, injections into the jaw were seldom effective. Our results suggest that the dose of the steroids administered is of importance.     

Recurrent pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax in Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Pneumothorax is an unusual complication of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We report three children who developed recurrent intrathoracic air leaks. In one case, bilateral pneumothoraces may have been precipated by intermittent positive pressure ventilation during general anaesthesia. Chemical pleurodesis was unsuccessful in preventing recurrence of pneumothoraces in two children. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as an alternative to intermittent positive pressure ventilation in children with respiratory failure from Langerhans cell histiocytosis is discussed. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 29:139–142, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Reactivation and risk of sequelae in Langerhans cell histiocytosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate disease reactivation in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and its impact on adverse sequelae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of 300 patients diagnosed with LCH between 1987 and 2002 with complete response to initial treatment was performed. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 5.3 years. With a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, reactivation of the disease occurred in 29.7% (89/300) of the patients, with two or more reactivations in 34.8% (31/89) of those. Reactivation occurred in 17.4, 36.8, 46.5, and 53.5% of the patients with single-system unifocal disease (Group A: 161 patients), single-system multifocal disease (Group B: 53 patients), multi-system disease without (Group C: 58 patients), and with (Group D: 28 patients) risk-organ involvement, respectively. The differences between the incidence rates of Groups A and B (P < 0.0004), A and C (P < 0.0001), and A and D (P < 0.0001) were highly significant. The most common reactivation sites involved were bone, middle ear, and skin; reactivation was rare in risk organs (9.5%). The median time between initial complete response and the first reactivation episode was 1 year for Group A, 1.3 years for Group B, and 9 months for Groups C and D. Most reactivation episodes (88%) occurred within the first 2 years of follow-up. Adverse sequelae were recognized in 242/300 patients: 71% (49/69) of patients with and 25.4% (44/173) without reactivations developed these adverse sequelae (P < 0.0001), respectively. Sites most commonly showing sequelae were bone, middle ear, and hypothalamus (Diabetes Insipidus). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of reactivation correlates with the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Incidence of sequelae correlates with the occurrence of reactivations.     

朗格汉斯组织细胞增生症儿童肝脏受累的CT表现

目的：探讨朗格汉斯组织细胞增生症(LCH)儿童肝脏受累的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析9例经临床、实验室、病理检查确诊为LCH肝脏受累患儿的CT表现,其中男6例,女3例,全部病例均行肝脏CT平扫及动脉期、门脉期双期增强CT扫描。结果：9例患儿中, 主要CT表现为肝大（8例）;门静脉周围树枝状低密度灶及“门脉晕征”（7例）,增强后动脉期呈轻度至中度强化;肝内胆管扩张（5例）;肝门区及腹膜后淋巴结肿大（4例）;弥漫性低密度小结节灶（3例）,增强后呈环状强化。结论：LCH肝脏受累患儿CT表现具有一定的特点,了解这些特点有助于该病的早期诊断和治疗。     

Biliary wall calcification in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: report of two cases

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder of unknown pathogenesis affecting one or more organs (unifocal or disseminated form) due to clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. Liver involvement is more frequent in the disseminated form and the radiological findings of end-stage liver disease due to LCH are similar to those of sclerosing cholangitis. We present the multidetector CT findings in two children with LCH liver involvement and the unique finding of calcification of the biliary wall.