共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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GC-ECD毛细管气相色谱法测定水中氯苯类化合物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用石油醚萃取水中的氯苯类化合物,萃取液经浓硫酸洗涤净化,消除含氧及不饱合化合物对待测物质的干扰.并将萃取液浓缩,然后用具有电子捕获检测器(ECD)的气相色谱仪进行测定. 相似文献
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饮用水中溴酸盐的去除技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
臭氧在饮用水处理中得到了广泛的应用,但当水源中含有溴离子时,臭氧深度处理过程中会产生2B级潜在致癌物溴酸盐。我国新的《生活饮用水卫生标准》规定溴酸盐浓度为10μg/L。溴酸盐在水中是极易溶解,具有高度稳定性,溴酸盐一旦形成,就很难用传统的处理技术去除。综述了目前去除溴酸盐技术的最新研究进展及其优缺点,主要包括活性炭吸附去除法、离子交换法、亚铁离子还原去除法、零价铁还原去除法、紫外线照射法等去除技术。现有的去除技术大部分处于实验阶段,在实际应用中存在一定的局限性,因此需要进一步的实验研究,以便有效的应用于工程实践。 相似文献
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含溴水源水臭氧处理时溴酸盐的产生与控制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对南方某含溴水库水(溴离子浓度15~38μg·L-1),利用连续运行实验装置研究了臭氧氧化时溴酸盐的产生条件,同时初步考察了后续生物活性炭(BAC)对溴酸盐的去除效果.研究结果表明,单独采用预臭氧方式时,在臭氧消耗量控制为2.0mg·L-1以内的条件下,溴酸离子浓度低于6 μg·L-1;而采用预臭氧与后臭氧联合处理时,在总臭氧消耗量为2.0mg·L-1的条件下,出现了溴酸离子超标(10μg·L-1)情况.长期运行结果表明,尽管新炭对溴酸离子没有去除效果,但系统连续运行3个月后,BAC上的微生物对溴酸盐具有一定的去除能力. 相似文献
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本文研究了孔雀绿与磷(砷)酸钼的离子对膜的形成条件。并依此与共存元素分离,进行痕量磷酸根、亚砷酸根和砷酸根的浮膜分光光度法测定。选用硫酸为介质,考察了25种共存离子对测定的影响。拟定了天然水中痕量磷酸根、亚砷酸根和砷酸根的分析方法.操作简便,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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采用阳离子表面活性剂氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)改性颗粒活性炭以提高活性炭对溴酸根的吸附能力.通过小试研究了改性颗粒活性炭(GAC-CPC)对溴酸根的吸附特性,考察了BrO-3初始浓度、pH、共存阴离子等因素对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,CPC改性能显著提高GAC对BrO-3的吸附能力,吸附量随着初始浓度升高而增大;在碱性条件下GAC-CPC对BrO-3的吸附量减小;共存阴离子与BrO-3在GAC-CPC上存在竞争吸附,其影响顺序为:NO-3SO2-4PO3-4CO2-3.用准一级、准二级和颗粒内扩散动力学模型拟合GAC-CPC吸附BrO-3的动力学过程,结果表明,准二级动力学能更好的描述吸附过程,且孔扩散可能是改性GAC吸附BrO-3初始阶段的主要速率控制因素.用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型拟合不同温度下BrO-3的吸附平衡过程,结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附模型能很好的描述吸附平衡过程,GAC-CPC吸附BrO-3的过程是自发且放热的,温度升高不利于吸附. 相似文献
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本文提出了一种简单快速测定水中痕量磷酸盐和砷酸盐的方法。将磷酸盐和砷酸盐与含有钼酸铵和孔雀绿混合液的试剂反应,形成的磷铝酸盐和砷钼酸盐的孔雀绿团粒有选择地收集在硝化纤维滤膜(孔径为3μm)上,并与滤膜一起溶解在甲基溶纤剂中,所得溶液的摩尔吸光系数为2.7×10~5l/mol·cm,其吸光度A(P+As)(入=627nm)与磷酸盐和砷酸盐的总浓度成正比。将砷酸盐的还原剂硫代硫酸盐加入水样中,即可如上所述测出溶液的吸光度A(P)。吸光度A(P)相应于单纯磷酸盐的浓度,而差值A(P十As)-A(P)即为砷酸盐浓度。本文所提出的方法使得有可能测定浓度范围为0.3~150PPb的磷酸盐和砷酸盐。 相似文献
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A pilot study was carried out to explore the application of carbon dioxide for pH depression in a bubble column and its ability to
inhibit bromate formation for water with a low alkalinity. Results showed that in the absence of ammonia, CO2 was capable of reducing
bromate 38.0%–65.4% with one-unit pH depression. CO2 caused a slightly lower bromate reduction (4.2%) than did H2SO4 when the
pH was depressed to 7.4, and a more a pronounced lower reduction (8.8%) when the pH was depressed to 6.9. In the presence of 0.20
mg/L-N ammonia, bromate was largely inhibited with 73.9% reduction. When the pH was depressed to 7.4, CO2 and H2SO4 showed an
11.3% and 23.5% bromate reduction respectively, demonstrating that the joint use of CO2 and ammonia might be a plausible strategy of
blocking all three bromate formation pathways. CO2 could be applied through the aeration diffuser together with ozone gas, resulting
in a similar bromate reduction compared with the premixing method through Venturi mixer. 相似文献
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为合理评估应用臭氧生物活性炭工艺中溴酸盐的生成情况,提出既能保证出水水质又能降低溴酸盐超标风险的方案.进行了小试与中试试验,系统地从原水水质和工艺参数两个方面入手,研究水质因素、初始溴离子浓度和臭氧氧化条件等对溴酸盐生成的影响,同时分析生物活性炭对溴酸盐的去除能力.结果表明:高初始溴离子浓度水平和臭氧接触程度(Ct值)促使更多BrOx-生成.在相同Ct值条件下,升高臭氧投加浓度可使溴酸盐生成量增高200%左右.以长江南京段江心洲夹江下游原水进行臭氧生物活性炭深度处理不会产生溴酸盐超标风险.生物活性炭(BAC)对于溴酸盐去除效果并不明显.运用臭氧生物活性炭工艺进行深度处理时,工艺中应着重注意控制溴酸盐在臭氧化过程中的生成而非依靠后续生物活性炭将其去除. 相似文献
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GC-ECD检测水中有机氯和有机磷农残研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究GC-ECD同吋检测水体中十二个有机氯农药和有机磷农药组分的最佳测试条件。在选定的测试条件下,方法检测下限达0.2ng/L(α-666)和0.8ng/L(甲基-1605),线性范围均达10~3数量级,水样加标回收率在82.5—100%之间。 相似文献
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Advanced oxidation of bromide-containing drinking water:A balance between bromate and trihalomethane formation control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yongjing Wang Jianwei Yu Po Han Jing Sh Tao Li Wei An Juan Liu Min Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(11):2169-2176
Addition of H2O2 has been employed to repress bromate formation during ozonation of bromide-containing source water. However, the addition of H2O2 will change the oxidation pathways of organic compounds due to the generation of abundant hydroxyl radicals, which could affect the removal efficacy of trihalomethane precursors via the combination of ozone and biological activated carbon (O3-BAC). In this study, we evaluated the effects of H2O2 addition on bromate formation and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) reduction during treatment of bromide-containing (97.6-129.1 μg/L) source water by the O3-BAC process. At an ozone dose of 4.2 mg/L, an H2O2/O3 (g/g) ratio of over 1.0 was required to maintain the bromate concentration below 10.0 μg/L, while a much lower H2O2/O3 ratio was sufficient for a lower ozone dose. An H2O2/O3 (g/g) ratio below 0.3 should be avoided since the bromate concentration will increase with increasing H2O2 dose below this ratio. However, the addition of H2O2 at an ozone dose of 3.2 mg/L and an H2O2/O3 ratio of 1.0 resulted in a 43% decrease in THMFP removal when compared with the O3-BAC process. The optimum H2O2/O3 (g/g) ratio for balancing bromate and trihalomethane control was about 0.7-1.0. Fractionation of organic materials showed that the addition of H2O2 decreased the removal efficacy of the hydrophilic matter fraction of DOC by ozonation and increased the reactivity of the hydrophobic fractions during formation of trihalomethane, which may be the two main reasons responsible for the decrease in THMFP reduction efficacy. Overall, this study clearly demonstrated that it is necessary to balance bromate reduction and THMFP control when adopting an H2O2 addition strategy. 相似文献
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GUO Zhao-hai YANG Min ZHANG Yu PEI Yi-shan ZHANG Jing-song FAN Jie Junji HIROTSUJI 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2006,18(2):209-213
The effectiveness of preozonation was evaluated on treating a bromide-bearing dam source water in south China through batch-scale experiments. Preozonation at ozone doses of 0.5-1.0 mg/L (at ozone consumption base) enhanced total organic carbon (TOC) removal through coagulation, and resulted in an almost linear reduction of ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (LW2s4). The removals of TOC (after coagulation) and UV254 at the ozone dose of 1.0 mg/L were 36% and 70%, respectively. Preozonation at an ozone dose between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L resulted in the removal of disinfection byproducts formation potential (DBFP) including trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) for about 50%. The removals of THMFP and HAAFP decreased with the further increase of ozone dose. Ozonation of bromide-bearing water (bromide concentration, 34 μg/L) produced a bromate concentration under the detection limit(2μg/L) at ozone doses 〈1.5 mg/L. However, bromate 〉10μg/L could be produced when the bromide concentration was increased to 96 μg/L. 相似文献