黄脊竹蝗对不同发酵天数人尿的行为反应

黄脊竹蝗(Ceracris kiangsu)是我国南方地区重要的竹子害虫,为了深入理解黄脊竹蝗的趋尿行为,测定了黄脊竹蝗对不同发酵天数人尿的行为反应.结果表明,人尿的发酵天数对黄脊竹蝗的趋尿行为有显著影响,发酵对人尿引诱竹蝗有明显的增效作用.与发酵时间分别为l、4、7、15和60 d的人尿相比,黄脊竹蝗显著趋向于发酵30 d的人尿,取食经发酵30 d的人尿处理滤纸的面积最大(3494.9±345.4) mm2,访问次数最多(43.7±5.2)次,单次停留时间也最长(360.5 ±39.8)s.林间诱杀的结果与行为生测的结果一致,发酵30 d的人尿每天诱杀的黄脊竹蝗数量最多,达到(507±139)头.诱杀及录像试验结果表明,发生趋尿行为的仅为黄脊竹蝗雌虫.     

黄脊竹蝗对人尿挥发物的EAG反应

黄脊竹蝗(Ceracris kiangsu)是我国南方地区重要的竹子害虫。为了深入理解黄脊竹蝗的趋尿行为,测定了黄脊竹蝗成虫对不同发酵天数人尿及NH4HCO3等溶液挥发物的EAG反应。结果表明,黄脊竹蝗成虫对人尿挥发物的EAG反应与发酵天数及性别密切相关,与新鲜人尿及发酵时间分别为7、15、45及60 d的人尿相比,雌、雄成虫触角对发酵30 d的人尿挥发物的EAG反应最强;另外,不同浓度的吲哚、NH4HCO3及尿素溶液也能激发黄脊竹蝗成虫明显的EAG反应,但反应强度均显著弱于对人尿挥发物的EAG反应强度(P0.05)。黄脊竹蝗对人尿挥发物的EAG反应与性别密切相关,雌虫对新鲜人尿及发酵15 d的人尿挥发物的EAG反应显著强于雄虫,而对发酵30 d的人尿挥发物、同一浓度的NH4HCO3及吲哚溶液的EAG反应强度均显著弱于雄虫。     

黄脊竹蝗生物学特性及防治试验

黄脊竹蝗 ( Ceracris kiangsu Tsai)是危害毛竹林的最主要害虫 ,在南方毛竹主产区常暴发成灾 ,仅闽西武平县近年来黄脊竹蝗的危害面积就达 1 0 0 0 hm2以上 ,受害严重的林分竹叶被食光 ,如火烧状 ,导致成片竹林被毁。黄脊竹蝗三龄后的跳蝻迁移性和成虫迁飞性极强 ,并受竹林郁闭度大小、气候因子和药械性能等因素的影响 ,这二个时期采用施放烟剂或常规喷雾(喷粉 )方法进行防治 ,都很难将竹蝗虫口控制下来 ,常造成年年暴发成灾的被动局面。笔者通过 1 993- 1 994两年的防治试验 ,得出较佳的防治方法 - -虫源区防治法和跳蝻三龄前施烟剂法 ,现…     

三种昆虫病原微生物防治黄脊竹蝗试验

本文介绍应用3种昆虫病原微生物防治黄脊竹蝗跳蝻 Nymphae of Ceracris kiangsuTsai的试验.结果表明:黄脊竹蝗白僵菌Beauweria bassians from Ceracris kiangsu Tsai、蝗虫微孢子虫Nosenalocustae Canning和蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacils cereus Frankland and Frankland对黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu Tsai 1～2龄跳蝻都有一定的致病作用,可以作为综合防治的辅助措施.     

黄脊竹蝗种群肠道微生物的多样性分析

昆虫肠道微生物是昆虫与自然环境互作的直接反应者。为探究不同地区黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu Tsai肠道微生物多样性和性别及环境因子的关系,本研究利用Illumina NovaSeq测序平台对新入侵地区和国内常发地区的黄脊竹蝗肠道微生物进行16S rDNA基因测序和分析。结果表明,地理位置和性别对黄脊竹蝗肠道菌群均存在影响,其中地理位置影响最为显著,其次为性别因素。通过Beta多样性分析发现采自湖南省邵阳市新宁县和云南省普洱市江城县的黄脊竹蝗肠道微生物差异性最大,3个地区不同性别样品的肠道菌群只有属水平组成和丰富具有显著差异。其中,湖南省益阳市桃江县的雌、雄样品优势菌属分别为乳球菌属Lactococcus（9.0%）和肠杆菌属Enterobacter（5.9%）,云南省普洱市江城县的雌、雄样品优势菌属均为肠杆菌属（27.9%、27.0%）,湖南省邵阳市新宁县的雌、雄样品优势菌属分别为肠杆菌属（29.9%）和乳球菌（12.0%）。所选取的8个环境因素中蒸发量、相对湿度和平均气压可能会影响黄脊竹蝗的肠道菌群多样性。研究结果从共生微生物和环境因子角度解析了黄脊竹蝗的环境适应性,为研制地理溯源技术和开发微生物制剂提供了科学依据。     

黄脊竹蝗对10种禾本科植物的取食选择

黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu Tsai是一种危害性极大的草地和森林害虫,主要危害禾本科植物,掌握黄脊竹蝗的食性偏好可为其防控提供理论基础。本研究选取10种禾本科植物：多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne L.、高丹草Sorghum hybrid sudangrass、苏丹草Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf.、扁穗雀麦Bromus cartharticus Vahl.、白茅Imperata cylindrica(L.) Beauv.、玉米Zea mays L.、青皮竹Bambusa textilis McClure、箬竹Indocalamus tessellatus(Munro) Keng f.、刚竹Phyllostachys sulphurea(Carr.) A.‘Viridis’、箭竹Fargesia spathacea Franch.,研究黄脊竹蝗不同龄期的跳蝻及成虫取食能力、取食偏好、取食频率与时间关系的差异。结果表明：黄脊竹蝗取食量随着龄期的增加而持续增加,跳蝻喜食禾本科牧草,2～5龄跳蝻取食最多的禾本科植物为白茅,3龄时开始出现暴食...     

赣北黄脊竹蝗发育历期及生物学特性观察

黄脊竹蝗ＣｅｒａｃｒｉｓｋｉａｎｇｓｕＴｓａｉ是毛竹林的主要害虫,在赣北毛竹林区,常因该虫为害而造成重大的经济损失。为了加强对黄脊竹蝗的防治,常灾县区纷纷开展了对该虫的预测预报工作。但由于该虫卵产在土中,跳蝻又善跳会飞,不仅在野外虫源林难找,而且对卵期发育和初龄跳蛹活动的观察也十分难进行,从而很难掌握较为准确的防治时机。为了确保预测预报的精度,提高防治效果,我们近年来,连续３年在室内进行了卵孵化及跳蛹期人工饲养,并辅以野外调查,对黄脊竹蝗在赣北地区的发育历期以及生活习性进行了观察,现将结果总结如…     

基于MaxEnt模型预测黄脊竹蝗在中国的适生区

为探明黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu在我国的潜在适生区,做好早期虫情监测.本研究根据267个黄脊竹蝗物种分布点,结合气候数据,采用最大熵(Maxent)模型和ArcGIS预测黄脊竹蝗在我国的适生区分布.结果表明:影响黄脊竹蝗适生区分布的主要环境变量为最干月降水量和最冷月最低温,次要环境变量为湿季降水量、最热月最高温、降水量季节性变异系数和温度年较差.预测的黄脊竹蝗高适生区、中适生区、低适生区分别占全国陆地总面积的3.0％、5.6％和10.3％,适生区主要分布在江淮流域、长江中下游地区、华南及西南等地.模型预测结果与实际调查一致性较高,能够反映真实分布情况,对科学开展黄脊竹蝗防控具有较高参考价值.     

黄脊竹蝗触角感器的电镜扫描观察

黄脊竹蝗是中国南方地区重要的竹子害虫,为了更好地理解黄脊竹蝗"趋尿行为"的生理生化机制,通过电镜扫描技术研究了黄脊竹蝗成虫触角感器的类型、数量、形态及分布特征,比较分析了其在雌、雄成虫间的差异。结果表明:黄脊竹蝗雌、雄成虫触角丝状,由1节柄节、1节梗节和23节鞭节构成,雌雄间触角长度及直径差异不显著(P>0.05);雌、雄成虫触角感器均有毛形感器Ⅰ、毛形感器Ⅱ、刺形感器、锥形感器Ⅰ、锥形感器Ⅱ和腔锥形感器6种;其中,锥形感器数量最多,约占感器总数的53%,主要分布在鞭节的第8～21亚节上;各类感器在雌、雄成虫间触角上的分布特征相似,雄成虫触角上感器总数、锥形和腔锥形感器数量显著多于雌成虫(P<0.05)。     

贵州两种黄脊蝗核型和C－带的比较研究

本文研究了贵州日本黄脊蝗ＰａｔａｎｇａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａＢｏｌｉｖａｒ和印度黄脊蝗Ｐ．ｓｕｃｃｉｎｃｔａＪｏｈａｎｓｓｏｎ的核型和Ｃ－带。结果表明：两种黄脊煌的染色体数目均为２ｎ＝２２＋Ｘ０＝２３,全部为端着丝粒染色体;核型公式２ｎ＝２Ｘ＝２３ｔ,ＮＰ＝２３．但日本黄脊蝗的染色体绝对长度总和（７９．７５±２．２２μｍ）比印度黄脊蝗的（７１．４７±０．６３μｍ）长;异染色质总量《３５．６５±０．１４μｍ）比印度黄脊蝗的（１８．７６±０．１１μｍ）多;日本黄脊蝗的核型属“ＩＢ＂核型,印度黄脊蝗的核型属“ＩＣ”核型。     

福建省竹蝗灾区区划及其应用研究

根据区划理论,应用数学方法和计算机技术,将福建省竹蝗灾区区划为3个区和3个危险程度等级,并建立Ⅰ、Ⅱ级危险程度等级的发生面积预测预报数学模型。经检验,模型精度较高,拟合效果好,可在生产上推广应用。     

Hygropreference behaviour and humidity detection in the yellow‐spined bamboo locust,Ceracris kiangsu

Water is a critical resource for all terrestrial insects. The yellow‐spined bamboo locust Ceracris kiangsu Tsai (Oedipodidae: Orthoptera), matures, copulates and reproduces in the summer and adults are observed mud‐puddling in human urine‐contaminated materials on hot days. Besides obtaining NaCl and NH₄HCO₃, the locust may also compensate for water deficiency. In a dual‐choice test in the laboratory, adults prefer to remain on wet rather than dry filter paper at high temperature (36 °C). The females are more likely to move towards and stay on wet filter paper than males. The adults chew wet filter paper in the laboratory at higher temperature and the females consume more than the males. Moreover, foam plastic containing an aqueous solution of an insecticide, bisultap, results in greater mortality in females than a dry formulation, both in the laboratory and the field. The water content of the frass from males is significantly lower than that from females and may partially explain the stronger hygropreference behaviour in females. Other possible reasons for sexually different hygropreference are also discussed. The removal of the adult antennae substantially reduces discrimination between wet and dry filter paper and mortality resulting from wet bisultap formulations in the laboratory. Hence, antennae mediate, at least partially, hygropreference behaviour.     

Population control of the yellow‐spined bamboo locust,Ceracris kiangsu,using urine‐borne chemical baits in bamboo forest

The yellow‐spined bamboo locust, Ceracris kiangsu Tsai (Orthoptera: Oedipodidae), is a notorious defoliator of bamboos in China. In commercial bamboo forests, spraying insecticides to control C. kiangsu is neither convenient nor economic, therefore environmentally acceptable and cost‐effective methods are needed. Ceracris kiangsu adults are known to aggregate and gnaw at human urine‐contaminated materials; NaCl is a strong phagostimulant and NH₄HCO₃ is an attractant/arrestant. In the present paper, we found that foam plastic containers containing a blend of 0.03% bisultap, 3% NaCl, 3% NH₄HCO₃, and 0.1% Triton X‐100 (tetrad bait) had a powerful attracticidal effect and could kill a great number of especially female C. kiangsu adults, comparable to those containing a mixture of 0.03% bisultap and 5‐day‐incubated urine. In a field trial, the tetrad bait killed approximately 80% of females and about 9% of males in the treated plots after daily application for five consecutive days. The corrected average reduction rate was 48.2%. Moreover, the sex ratio was decreased from 1.18 before the trial to 0.25 after the experiment in the treated plots. These results indicated that there is the potential to develop a trap using NaCl as a phagostimulant and NH₄HCO₃ as an attractant that can be used for C. kiangsu control.     

几种人体气味物质对淡色库蚊雌成虫的引诱和驱避作用

该文采用“Y”型嗅觉仪测定了丙酮、氨水、癸二酸、正庚酸、环己烷羧酸和肉豆蔻酸等 6种人体气味物质对淡色库蚊雌成虫的引诱和驱避作用。试验结果表明 ,与对照相比 ,6种人体气味物质中 ,仅0 1mg L正庚酸和 1 0mg L丙酮 +1 0mg L氨水对淡色库蚊雌成虫具明显的引诱作用。而 1 0mg L丙酮+1 0 0 0 0mg L氨水和 1 0mg L丙酮 +1 0 0 0mg L氨水则对淡色库蚊雌成虫有明显的驱避作用。其它化合物或处理浓度则对淡色库蚊雌成虫无明显的引诱或驱避作用。     

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of ammonium in human urine

A method for the quantitative determination of ammonium in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. After making fluorescent substances with fluorescamine, they were separated and quantified by their fluorometric intensity. The intensity (as measured by peak height) was linear between 0.5 and 5.0 micrograms, and coefficients of variation for elution time and peak height on replicate analysis of the standard were 0.15 and 4.2%, respectively. Recoveries of added ammonium were 96.5 and 97.3%, respectively, on 2.0 and 3.0 micrograms by this method. Detection limit of this method was 0.2 microgram. There was good agreement between the proposed HPLC method (X) and ion chromatographic method (Y), giving the relationships as Y = 0.956X + 0.012, r = 0.991.