具核梭杆菌对结直肠癌诊疗作用的研究进展

口腔菌群作为人体的第二大微生物群,对人体健康具有非常重要的作用。具核梭杆菌是口腔中的常驻菌之一,与其他菌共同维持机体的稳态,现已被证实是结直肠癌最相关的菌属之一,参与结直肠癌的发生、发展以及预后。很多学者根据具核梭杆菌在结直肠癌中的致病机制,寻找以具核梭杆菌为靶点的对结直肠癌进行早期诊断和治疗的新方法。本文阐述了具核梭杆菌在结直肠癌中的致病机制,着重探讨其在结直肠癌的诊断和治疗中的潜在作用,以期为临床诊疗提供参考。

     

具核梭杆菌促进结直肠癌发生发展机制的研究进展

结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）是一种全球高发的恶性肿瘤,肠道菌群失调作为潜在致病因素逐渐受到关注。大量的研究发现具核梭杆菌（Fusobacterium nucleatum,F. nucleatum）在CRC组织中丰度显著升高,与CRC的发生有关,目前其具体的作用机制尚不明确。分子及细胞学研究表明F. nucleatum能够破坏肠道上皮屏障、损伤细胞DNA、影响肿瘤相关microRNAs的表达和促进肿瘤细胞转移。本文就F. nucleatum促进CRC发生发展的机制及相关研究进展作一综述。

     

纳米材料治疗具核梭杆菌促进的结直肠癌研究进展

具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn)是一种口腔厌氧菌,最近被发现在人类结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)细胞表面聚集,其富集程度与癌症治疗预后呈高度负相关。大量研究表明,Fn参与CRC的发生与发展过程,Fn与肿瘤微环境中多种组分相互作用从而增强肿瘤的耐药性。近年来,开始有研究利用纳米材料抑制Fn在肿瘤部位的增殖或通过直接靶向Fn治疗CRC。因此,本综述一方面将对近年来Fn在CRC中促肿瘤的机制进行梳理总结,另一方面将归纳整理不同纳米材料应用于Fn相关CRC治疗的最新研究进展,最后对纳米材料在Fn介导的CRC治疗中的应用前景进行了展望。     

具核梭杆菌促进结直肠癌发生发展机制研究进展

具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum)是一种人体共生菌,尤其富集于口腔,在特定情况下可导致机会感染.近年来,随着微生物群与健康或疾病相关性研究的深入,具核梭杆菌与结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)之间的关联性研究备受关注.大量临床研究表明,具核梭杆菌在CRC中更为富集,且进一步...     

具核梭杆菌对结直肠癌小鼠化疗敏感性的影响

目的研究具核梭杆菌对结直肠癌小鼠化疗敏感性的影响。方法建立结直肠癌荷瘤小鼠,分为空白对照组、5-氟尿嘧啶对照组和实验组、奥沙利铂实验组和对照组、伊立替康实验组和对照组、阿霉素实验组和对照组、丝裂霉素实验组和对照组,每组5只;各实验组荷瘤鼠灌胃给予具核梭杆菌菌液(10~9CFU),0.2 mL/d,1次/周。连续灌胃4周后,5-氟尿嘧啶实验组、阿霉素实验组、丝裂霉素实验组荷瘤鼠分别腹腔注射给予30.00 mg/(kg·d)、1.75 mg/(kg·d)、2.00 mg/(kg·d)对应药物,1次/d,连用7 d;奥沙利铂实验组、伊立替康实验组荷瘤鼠分别第1天腹腔注射给予29 mg/kg、66 mg/kg对应药物,其余6 d用生理盐水0.1 mL代替。各对照组荷瘤鼠除不灌胃具核梭杆菌菌液外,其余操作均与实验组相同。对比各实验组和对照组的瘤重和抑瘤率(IR%)。结果各组成瘤裸鼠一般情况均正常,肿瘤呈膨胀性生长,未见明显浸润或转移发生。各实验组荷瘤鼠的瘤重(g)均显著大于对照组荷瘤鼠[(1.42±0.15)vs(0.97±0.12),(1.76±0.16)vs(1.45±0.13),(1.50±0.09)vs(1.03±0.08),(1.38±0.07)vs(0.87±0.05),(1.26±0.08)vs(0.79±0.05);均P<0.05],IR%显著小于对照组荷瘤鼠[(27.55±2.83)vs(50.51±5.02),(10.20±1.78)vs(26.02±2.36),(23.47±2.76)vs(47.45±4.86),(29.59±3.02)vs(55.61±5.35),(35.71±3.47)vs(59.69±5.45);均P<0.05]。结论具核梭杆菌降低抗结直肠癌药物的敏感性。     

具核梭杆菌协同Cdk5促进结直肠癌细胞迁移

目的以结直肠癌细胞SW480作为研究载体,分析具核梭杆菌(F.nucleatum)对Cdk5和STAT3途径相关基因及其炎症因子表达的影响,阐明F.nucleatum协同Cdk5促进结直肠癌形成和发展的分子机制。方法以结直肠癌细胞SW480作为研究载体,运用Western Blotting、qPCR、免疫组化和细胞划痕等实验研究F.nucleatum和Cdk5对结直肠癌形成的影响。结果免疫组化结果显示,癌组织Cdk5阳性表达率明显高于癌旁组织(t=8.218,P0.01)。细胞划痕实验结果表明,F.nucleatum菌液作用的结直肠癌细胞迁移率明显高于对照组(24 h:t=5.868,P0.01; 48 h:t=6.941,P0.01)。Western Blotting结果显示,F.nucleatum协同Cdk5可能通过STAT3通路调控结直肠癌细胞凋亡。qPCR结果显示,F.nucleatum菌液作用的结直肠癌细胞的炎症因子表达明显高于对照组(IL-6:t=5.542,P0.05; COX2:t=16.893,P0.01; TNF-α:t=16.963,P0.01; IL-8:t=3.733,P0.01)。结论 F.nucleatum协同Cdk5促进了结直肠癌细胞的迁移。     

肠道具核梭杆菌与结直肠癌的关系及其致病机制的研究进展

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer, CRC)为全球第三大常见癌症,死亡率位居第二。随着微生物组学技术的发展,近年来,研究发现,具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn)不仅参与口腔疾病和脑膜炎、心内膜炎、化脓性关节炎等口腔外感染性疾病的发生、发展,还可能通过促进结直肠上皮细胞增殖、促进机体炎症微环境、免疫调节等多种机制参与CRC的发生、发展,但具体致病机制还亟待阐明。基于此,现就Fn与CRC的关系和相关致病机制作一概述,为未来深入探究CRC生物预防及治疗提供理论依据。     

具核梭杆菌通过调节肠道代谢产物丁酸钠上调Cdk1促进结直肠癌发展

该文探讨了肠道微生物具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn)通过调节代谢产物丁酸钠(NaB)对结直肠癌(CRC)发生发展的影响及其分子机制.提取临床组织RNA和蛋白,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测肿瘤组织与正常/癌旁组织Cdk1的mRNA及蛋白表达,同时检测具核梭杆菌的mRNA的...     

具核梭杆菌对结直肠癌细胞增殖、迁移及上皮间质转化作用的影响

【目的】评估具核梭杆菌对人结直肠癌细胞HCT116和人正常结肠上皮细胞HCoEpiC的增殖、黏附、凋亡、迁移、侵袭和上皮间质转化的影响。【方法】本研究用不同感染复数(MOI)Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 23726感染人结直肠癌细胞HCT116和人正常结肠上皮细胞HCoEpiC,建立感染模型;用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT]、平板克隆、细胞划痕及侵袭(transwell)实验检测两组细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭的变化;用流式细胞仪检测两组细胞凋亡情况;通过Western blotting检测两组细胞上皮标记物上皮细胞钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、Catenin δ-1蛋白、间充质标记物N-钙粘蛋白(N-cadherin)和波形蛋白(vimentin)表达水平的变化。【结果】F.nucleatum可促进HCT116细胞增殖,诱导HCT116细胞的迁移和侵袭,但不能引起细胞凋亡;可抑制HCoEpiC细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并加速其凋亡;对HCT116和HCoEpiC细胞表现出很强的粘附能力,致细胞分散和拉长,细胞间粘附减少;使HCT116和HCoEpiC细胞上皮标记物E-cadherin与Catenin δ-1的表达量减少,间充质标记物N-cadherin与vimentin的表达量上升,E-cadherin由细胞膜向细胞质转移。【结论】F.nucleatum可诱导结直肠癌细胞和人正常结肠上皮细胞发生上皮间质转化,但抑制人正常结肠细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,表现出与结直肠癌细胞相反的作用。     

具核梭杆菌与全身疾病相关性的研究进展

具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,F.nucleatum)是在口腔微生态环境中常驻的一种革兰阴性专性厌氧菌,近来研究发现F.nucleatum不仅与口腔感染性疾病如牙周病、根尖周病等的发生、发展密切相关,而且与早产低体重儿、结直肠癌、呼吸道感染等全身疾病密切相关。本研究对F.nucleatum生物学功能及与口腔感染、全身疾病相关性的研究进展作一综述。     

Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer: A mechanistic overview

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. There are many risk factors involved in CRC. According to recent findings, the tumor microenvironment and feces samples of patients with CRC are enriched by Fusobacterium nucleatum. Thus, F. nucleatum is proposed as one of the risk factors in the initiation and progression of CRC. The most important mechanisms of Fusobacterium nucleatum involved in CRC carcinogenesis are immune modulation (such as increasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells and inhibitory receptors of natural killer cells), virulence factors (such as FadA and Fap2), microRNAs (such as miR-21), and bacteria metabolism. The aim of this review was to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the action of F. nucleatum in CRC.     

Recognition of Fusobacterium nucleatum subgroups Fn-1, Fn-2 and Fn-3 by ribosomal RNA gene restriction patterns

DNA from representative strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum subgroups Fn-1, Fn-2 and Fn-3 was digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and TaqI and the electrophoretically separated fragments hybridized with a 32P-16S rRNA gene probe from E. coli. The rRNA gene restriction patterns from DNA digested with either enzyme allowed the clustering of strains into the three subgroups. However, TaqI digested DNA yielded a wider distribution of taxonomically useful bands (ca 0.65 +/- 14.3 kbp) and the pattern produced was characteristic of each subgroup. The present method is a simple and reliable means of identifying the three subgroups of F. nucleatum and provides a useful method for further studies of the heterogeneity of F. nucleatum.     

A newly developed PCR-based method revealed distinct Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies infection patterns in colorectal cancer

Fusobacterium nucleatum, which has four subspecies (nucleatum, animalis, vincentii and polymorphum), plays an important role in promoting colorectal cancer (CRC). However, as there is no efficient method of differentiating these subspecies in the context of a rich gut microbiota, the compositions in CRC remain largely unknown. In this study, a PCR-based differentiation method enabling profiling of F. nucleatum infection in CRC at the subspecies level was developed. Based on the analysis of 53 F. nucleatum genomes, we identified genetic markers specific to each subspecies and designed primers for the conserved sequences of those markers. The PCR performance of the primers was tested with F. nucleatum and non-nucleatum Fusobacterium strains, and complete consistence with taxonomy was achieved. Additionally, no non-specific amplification occurred when using human DNA. The method was then applied to faecal (n = 58) and fresh-frozen tumour tissue (n = 100) samples from CRC patients, and wide heterogeneity in F. nucleatum subspecies compositions in the gut microbiota among CRC patients was observed. Single-subspecies colonization was common, whereas coexistence of four subspecies was rare. Subspecies animalis was most prevalent, while nucleatum was not frequently detected. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the pathogenicity of F. nucleatum at the subspecies level and the method developed has potential for clinical and epidemiological use.     

Isolation, purification and characterisation of 2-oxoglutarate reductase from Fusobacterium nucleatum

2-Oxoglutarate reductase from Fusobacterium nucleatum was isolated by thiol-disulphide interchange covalent chromatography. The enzyme was purified approximately 4000-fold and had a molecular mass of 68 kDa. The Michaelis constants for 2-oxoglutarate and NADH were 6.4 x 10(-5) and 0.4 x 10(-5), respectively. The involvement of sulphahydryl groups in catalysis was shown from the inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate reduction in the presence of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide and reactivation with 2-mercaptoethanol. Allosteric effectors did not alter the rate of the reaction, or the enzyme stability. With the exception of 2-oxoglutarate, none of the other oxo-acids such as oxaloacetate, pyruvate, 2-oxobutyrate and glyoxylate were reduced. Although 2-oxoglutarate oxidised NADPH to a limited extent (3%), the enzyme was almost entirely specific towards NADH. 2-Oxoglutarate reductase was stable at 45 degrees C for 10 min, while incubation at 60 degrees C abolished all activity.     

Diisopropylfluorophosphate-binding proteins in the outer membrane of Fusobacterium nucleatum: strain variations

Six strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum were tested for their ability to react with [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a serine protease inhibitor. Several cytoplasmic proteins were labelled but the strongest labelling was regularly observed in a few outer membrane proteins. The number and the molecular mass of the proteins detected varied according to the strain tested. A 61 kDa protein was labelled in all strains tested, including the two type strains ATCC 10953 and ATCC 25586. A 65 kDa protein was particularly strongly labelled in strains Fev1 and F6.     

Oxidative stress response in the opportunistic oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum

The anaerobic, Gram-negative bacillus Fusobacterium nucleatum plays a vital role in oral biofilm formation and the development of periodontal disease. The organism plays a central bridging role between early and late colonizers within dental plaque and plays a protective role against reactive oxygen species. Using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry approach, we have annotated 78 proteins within the proteome of F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and identified those proteins whose apparent intracellular concentrations change in response to either O(2)- or H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. Three major protein systems were altered in response to oxidative stress: (i) proteins of the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase/thioredoxin reductase system were increased in intracellular concentration; (ii) glycolytic enzymes were modified by oxidation (i.e. D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose 6-phosphate aldolase) or increased in intracellular concentration, with an accompanying decrease in ATP production; and (iii) the intracellular concentrations of molecular chaperone proteins and related proteins (i.e. ClpB, DnaK, HtpG, and HrcA) were increased.     

Fluorescence based measurements of Fusobacterium nucleatum coaggregation and of fusobacterial attachment to mammalian cells

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral anaerobe associated with gingivitis, periodontal disease and preterm deliveries. Coaggregation among oral bacteria is considered to be a significant factor in dental plaque development. Adhesion to host cells was suggested to be important for the F. nucleatum virulence associated with oral inflammation and with preterm births. An uncharacterized fusobacterial galactose inhibitible adhesin mediates coaggregation of F. nucleatum 12230 and F. nucleatum PK1594 with the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This adhesin is also involved with the attachment of both fusobacterial strains to host cells. However, it has been suggested that additional unidentified fusobacterial adhesins are involved in F. nucleatum virulence associated with preterm births. In this study, a fluorescence-based high throughput sensitive and reproducible method was developed for measuring bacterial coaggregation and bacterial attachment to mammalian cells. Using this method we found that coaggregation of F. nucleatum 4H with P. gingivalis and its attachment to murine macrophages is less inhibitible by galactose than that of F. nucleatum PK1594. These findings suggest that F. nucleatum 4H can serve as a model organism for identifying nongalactose inhibitible F. nucleatum adhesins considered to be involved in fusobacterial attachment to mammalian cells.