水溶性树脂的合成与应用浅析

本文讨论了水溶性树脂的合成。通过与有机溶剂型胶粘剂、进口水基胶粘剂进行压制产品和剪切对比试验提出 ,合成的水溶性树脂可以用作盘式片的胶粘剂 ,其在工艺性能、产品剪切性能等方面比现广泛使用的有机溶剂型胶粘剂具有更多的优势     

含氟丙烯酸酯树脂的合成及其在氟碳涂料中的应用

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(RfAA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPAA)、丙烯酸(AA)和苯乙烯(ST)采用溶液聚合方法合成一种含氟丙烯酸酯树脂(PFBSH),并通过红外光谱(IR)对PFBSH进行了结构表征。将此树脂应用在双组份氟碳涂料中,该氟碳涂层的水接触角达到110.5°,其附着力、硬度、光泽和耐水性等都获得了令人满意的应用效果。另外讨论了固化温度和纳米TiO2对涂料应用性能的影响。     

Synthesis,characterization and ion exchange properties of zirconium(IV) tungstoiodophosphate,a new cation exchanger

Zirconium(IV) tungstoiodophosphate has been synthesized under a variety of conditions. The most chemically and thermally stable sample is prepared by adding a mixture of aqueous solutions of 0·5 mol L⁻¹ sodium tungstate, potassium iodate and 1 mol L⁻¹ orthophosphoric acid to aqueous solution of 0·1 mol L⁻¹ zirconium(IV) oxychloride. Its ion exchange capacity for Na⁺ and K⁺ was found to be 2·20 and 2·35 meq g⁻¹ dry exchanger, respectively. The material has been characterized on the basis of chemical composition, pH titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect on the exchange capacity of drying the exchanger at different temperatures has been studied. The analytical importance of the material has been established by quantitative separation of Pb²⁺ from other metal ions.     

Synthesis of sulphonated mesoporous phenolic resins and their application in esterification and asymmetric aldol reactions

Mesoporous phenolic resins were functionalized with sulphonic acid groups by four different types of sulphonation procedures: (i) direct sulphonation on the aromatic ring, (ii) alkyl sulphonation of the aromatic ring, and functionalizations of the phenolic hydroxyl surface by using an aryl silane, 2-(4-chlorosulphonylphenyl)ethyl trichlorosilane (iii) or a propyl silane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (iv). The highest acidity loadings were obtained through direct sulphonation with fuming sulphuric acid (1.90 mmol H⁺ g⁻¹) or chlorosulphonic acid (1.31 mmol H⁺ g⁻¹) and these materials showed the highest conversion (97+ %) in Fischer esterification of acetic acid with propanol. However, the alkyl sulphonic groups, obtained through sulphonation procedure (ii) showed the highest stability in terms of maintenance of their acidity after use in consecutive catalytic runs or leaching treatments. This was demonstrated both through evaluation of the regenerated catalysts in a consecutive esterification run and during a leaching resistance test in aqueous medium. Moreover, the developed sulphonated mesoporous phenolic resins are presented as novel support for the non-covalent immobilization of an l-phenylalanine derived chiral diamine organocatalyst for asymmetric aldol reactions. The immobilization is established by an acid–base interaction between the sulphonic acid group and the amine function. The acidity and in particular the electronic withdrawing environment of the sulphonic acid groups influence enormously the catalytic performance of the non-covalent immobilized chiral diamine catalyst (aromatic > aliphatic).     

酚化酶解木质素-环氧树脂/环氧树脂复合材料的合成及性能

以酶解木质素(EHL)为原料,采用苯酚-硫酸法对其进行酚化改性,所得酚化木质素(PL)在碱性条件下,与环氧氯丙烷(ECH)合成木质素-环氧树脂(L-EP),利用FT-IR对产物进行表征。探讨单因素反应条件对酚化工艺的影响。结果表明:反应时间3.0h、反应温度95℃、2mol/L H_2SO_4用量为4mL/g时,木质素的酚化效果最佳,其酚羟基含量达到4.632mmol/g,较EHL提高42%。研究了不同L-EP添加量对L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果显示:L-EP的添加量为5%时,L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的拉伸强度最好,较纯E-51提高26%;随着L-EP添加量的增加,L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的热稳定性增强。采用非等温法分析环氧E-51和L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的固化动力学,结果证明:L-EP对复合材料固化有一定的促进作用。     

催化乳酸铵酯化的改性树脂的制备与表征

为降低酯化催化剂的制备成本,提高催化酯化反应的性能,以磺酸型阳离子交换树脂和FeCl3·6H2O为原料,采用液固溶剂法制备了固体酸催化剂.利用XRF,FTIR,XRD,NH3-FTIR对催化剂进行表面酸性、元素含量等性质的测试表征.研究表明,FeCl3与阳离子交换树脂的Bronsted酸中心(SO3H)发生化学反应形成了新的Lewis酸中心,络合到树脂上的Fe3+量为11.8%.测试了催化剂促进乳酸铵和正丁醇酯化反应的催化活性,当催化剂用量为1.5%时,酯化率高达96.1%.     

Electrochemical catalytic treatment of wastewater by metal ion supported on cation exchange resin

The electrochemical oxidation of phenol in synthetic wastewater and paper mill wastewater catalyzed by metal ion supported on cation exchange resin in suspended bed electrolytic reactor with graphite electrode has been investigated. The catalyst was characterized by SEM and XPS spectra and the effects of pH, the different metal ion and NaCl on the efficiency of the electrochemical oxidation phenol process were also studied. It was found that the catalyst containing Fe(3+) had the highest electrochemical catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of phenol. When the initial concentration of phenol was 200 ppm, up to 90% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was obtained in 10 min. When the catalyst containing Fe(3+) was used to the paper mill wastewater, it still showed high efficiency. The COD removal could get to 75% in 60 min.     

Synthesis of a quaternary amine anion exchange resin and study [of] its adsorption behaviour for chromate oxyanions

Glycidyl methacrylate/N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide (GMA/MBA) was prepared and allowed to react with tetraethylenepentamine (TEP) to give glycidyl methacrylate amine resin (RPA) followed by treatment with glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride (GTA) to give glycidyl methacrylate resin bearing quaternary ammonium chloride moieties (RQA). Zeta potential measurements showed that RQA particles are positively charged over pH 2-10 indicating the strong basic nature of the quaternary amine sites. The effect of pH on the recovery of chromate by RPA and RQA was examined. The results indicated that RQA is an efficient sorbent for chromate from both acidic and basic media. The repeated use of RQA was tested through stripping the adsorbed chromate using a mixture of 0.05 NaOH and 2 M NaCl in the case of the uptake from acidic media and using 2 M NaCl solution in the case of alkaline solutions.     

含硫功能聚磷腈微纳米球的合成及其在环氧树脂阻燃中的应用

以六氯环三磷腈（HCCP）、4,4'-二羟基二苯硫醚（TDP）为原料合成了一种环交联型的聚磷腈（PTP）微纳米球,并将其加入到环氧树脂（EP）中制备成PTP微纳米球/EP（PTP/EP）复合材料,研究其阻燃性能。采用FTIR和SEM对PTP微纳米球进行表征;TG分析考察PTP/EP复合材料的热稳定性;极限氧指数（LOI）和锥型量热分析（CONE）对PTP/EP复合材料进行阻燃性能测试。研究结果表明,PTP微纳米球具有不溶不熔的特性,粒径在500 nm~3 μm之间,且拥有优异的热稳定性和成炭性,起始热分解温度高达453.2℃,800℃残炭为74.3%。PTP微球的加入显著提高了EP的阻燃性能。当PTP微纳米球添加量仅为5wt%时,PTP/EP的热释放速率峰值降低了55.43%;LOI值从纯EP的25.6%提高到了30.4%。PTP微球的加入还提高了EP的力学性能。PTP微纳米球因其不溶不熔的特点在EP中充当增强剂,在受热燃烧时充当高效的阻燃剂。本研究为功能性阻燃剂的研发提供了新思路。      

Synthesis of a novel tertiary amine containing urethane dimethacrylate monomer (UDMTA) and its application in dental resin

A novel tertiary amine containing urethane dimethacrylate monomer UDMTA was synthesized with the aim of replacing Bis-GMA as one component of dental restorative materials. The structure of UDMTA was confirmed by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectra. UDMTA was incorporated into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50 wt%/50 wt%) resin system to replace Bis-GMA partly and totally. Double bond conversion, polymerization volumetric shrinkage, water sorption and solubility, flexural strength and modulus of UDMTA containing resin formulations were studied with neat Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin formulation as a reference. Results showed that UDMTA could be used as a coinitiator in photocurable dental resin, UDMTA containing resin had higher double bond conversion and lower polymerization shrinkage than that of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin, and the UDMTA containing copolymer had higher flexural strength and flexural modulus than Bis-GMA/TEGDMA copolymer. When UDMTA was used to replace more than 25 wt% of Bis-GMA, the obtained copolymer had higher water sorption and solubility. The optimized resin composition is by replacing 25 wt% of Bis-GMA in Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50/50 by wt%), for the prepared resin had the best comprehensive properties.     

聚氯乙烯掺混树脂的合成与应用

采用不同体系分散剂、不同调粒剂用量合成了系列聚氯乙烯掺混树脂 .观察了掺混树脂在糊树脂加工中的作用 .结果表明 ,采用明胶体系及适量的调粒剂可获得颗粒均匀、光滑致密的聚氯乙烯掺混树脂 ;该种树脂可以改善糊树脂的加工性能和制品质量     

硅氧烷接枝改性丙烯酸树脂的合成及应用

以多种丙烯酸酯类单体为原料合成羟基丙烯酸树脂,将硅酸乙酯部分水解缩聚制备聚硅氧烷,用硅氧烷对丙烯酸树脂接枝改性,制备出以丙烯酸树脂为主链、以具有水解特性及低表面能的有机硅为侧链的接枝共聚物,以此共聚物为基料,制备自抛光及低表面能复合型防污涂料.采用红外光谱、热重分析对接枝共聚物进行了表征,并测算了共聚物及制备的防污涂料涂膜的表面能.结果表明,合成的接枝共聚物与设计结构相符,其表面能达到23.63 mN/m,可用于防止海生物附着的防污涂料.     

Immobilization of polyethylenimine nanoclusters onto a cation exchange resin through self-crosslinking for selective Cu(II) removal

Donnan membrane principle provides great opportunities for development of highly efficient adsorbents for toxic metals abatement. Based on the principle we prepared a new composite adsorbent by immobilizing polyethylenimine (PEI) nanoclusters within a macroporous cation exchanger D001 through self-crosslinking by glutaraldehyde upon Cu(II)-template process. Negligible PEI loss was observed from the resultant composite adsorbent D001-PEI-GA to solution of pHs 1-12. Increasing solution pH from 1 to 6 results in more favorable Cu(II) retention by D001-PEI-GA, and Cu(II) adsorption onto D001-PEI-GA follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. Compared to D001, D001-PEI-GA displays more preferable Cu(II) sequestration in the presence of co-ions Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+) at higher levels. Fixed-bed adsorption of a synthetic solution containing Cu(II) and other co-ions showed that Cu(II) sequestration on D001-PEI-GA could result in its conspicuous decrease from 5mg/L to below 0.01 mg/L with the treatment volume as high as 630 BV per run, while that for D001 was only ～ 85 BV. Also, the spent composite adsorbent can be readily regenerated by HCl (0.3M)-NaCl (0.5M) binary solution for repeated use with negligible capacity loss.     

六(苯胺基)环三磷腈的合成及其在ABS树脂无卤阻燃中的应用

由五氯化磷和氯化铵合成了六氯环三磷腈(Ⅰ),通过亲和取代反应由苯胺和Ⅰ合成了六(苯胺基)环三磷腈(Ⅱ),并对化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ进行了元素分析,IR谱和质谱表征;用化合物Ⅱ与ABS树脂共混制备了阻燃ABS树脂,测试了其氧指数和力学性能等指标.发现化合物Ⅱ的加入,其氧指数得到提高且改善了ABS树脂的力学性能.     

新型噁唑烷酮环氧树脂的合成与性能研究

采用双环氧化合物与甲苯二异氰酸酯合成了低粘度的、具有单一五元环结构的唑烷酮环氧树脂(OXEP);测试和分析了该树脂浇注体和T800碳纤维复合材料的力学性能,并通过差热扫描分析(DSC)和动态热机械分析(DMTA)分别考察了该树脂的固化反应特性和动态热力学性能。结果表明,该树脂反应活化能略高于双酚A型环氧树脂E51,浇注体具有优良的强度和韧性,且以该树脂为基体的T800碳纤维复合材料的层间剪切强度高,可作为T800碳纤维复合材料的基体树脂使用。     

纳米PET树脂及其工程塑料应用

通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混技术 ,将蒙脱土 (MMT)以纳米尺度分散在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET)基体树脂中制得纳米复合PET树脂。蒙脱土在与PET树脂结合前 ,先经过有机化处理。X 射线衍射结构分析表明 ,蒙脱土层间距依次按照纯蒙脱土、有机化蒙脱土、PET复合蒙脱土的顺序从 1 3nm增大到 2 3nm ,直至 3 1nm。透射电子显微镜图象显示 ,纳米分散的层状硅酸盐的片层厚度平均在 30nm左右。纳米复合PET具有良好的熔体强度、快速结晶、良好机械强度等性能 ,是开发耐热、增强、阻燃工程塑料的良好基础树脂。     

碱溶性光敏丙烯酸树脂的合成及其在光成像体系中的应用

首先用自由基溶液聚合法合成羟基丙烯酸酯共聚物PHMSB,通过PHMSB上羟基和偏苯三酸酐(TMA)的酯化反应生成碱溶性树脂PHMSB-T,再用PHMSB-T上羧基与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)反应,以三步法合成了碱溶性光敏丙烯酸树脂PHMSB-T-G。重点讨论了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应温度对第二步反应转化率的影响,用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、元素分析、差示扫描量热法(DSC)等对所得树脂进行结构表征,初步探索了PHMSB-T-G在光成像体系中的应用。结果表明:以PHMSB-T-G为基体树脂的光致抗蚀剂图像分辨率可以达到25μm。     

新型高吸水性树脂的制备及其在灭火方面的应用

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC),丙烯酸(AA),2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)作为原料,用过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,经接枝共聚制备高吸水性树脂,利用高吸水性树脂制备高分子灭火剂,并测试了其灭火性能;通过对这种树脂的吸水率与吸水速率进行测定,以及对不同树脂的灭火结果进行对比.结果表明,该吸...