外伤性肝破裂232例诊治分析

目的:总结外伤性肝破裂的诊治体会。方法:回顾性分析232例外伤性肝破裂患者的临床资料。结果:非手术治疗42例及腹腔镜探查33例患者均治愈。开腹手术157例,术中因心跳呼吸停止行心肺复苏术26例,9例复苏失败,17例复苏成功;复苏成功后痊愈10例,死亡7例;术后二次手术止血7例;并发胆瘘59例、肝周脓肿10例,胆瘘和肝周脓肿经穿刺或放置引流管引流后均痊愈;开腹手术中死亡28例,其中死于术中失血性休克难以逆转11例,死于术后再出血3例,肝叶切除加肝动脉结扎术后因黄疸、腹水、肝功能衰竭死亡3例,右三叶切除术后肝、肾功能衰竭死亡2例,多脏器功能衰竭死亡4例,因创伤性湿肺致呼吸衰竭死亡3例,严重颅脑损伤死亡2例。结论:外伤性肝破裂的诊断需综合症状、体征、实验室检查、影像学检查等多方面信息,准确地进行严重程度分级,根据患者的具体情况,采取不同的处理方法,可取得满意效果。     

Blunt liver trauma at Sunnybrook Medical Centre

Between 1 June 1976 and 30 June 1985 Sunnybrook Medical Centre Regional Trauma Unit admitted 2,016 patients of whom 220 (11%) sustained liver injury. Of these 220 patients, 211 (96%) sustained blunt liver trauma; 175 of 176 patients who underwent open peritoneal lavage had a true positive lavage. Resuscitation was successful in 212 patients, of whom 209 underwent laparotomy and three were treated nonoperatively: 129 of 209 patients (62%) required only minor surgical treatment; the remaining 80 patients (38%) required major surgical procedures. The overall mortality was 29% (64/220). Eight patients died during resuscitation, one of them of liver hemorrhage. Of the 56 patients who died after admission, the cause of death was head injury in 31, liver hemorrhage in 11 (five intraoperatively) and 14 died of other causes. Overall, liver hemorrhage was the cause of death in 12 of 64 deaths (19%). In other words, 12 of the total of 220 patients (6%) died from liver-related mortality.     

肝损伤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结肝损伤的诊断与治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2013年12月广东医学院附属南山医院收治的183例肝损伤患者的临床资料.结合B超、CT检查和腹腔穿刺术,明确损伤部位、范围、程度、是否合并其他脏器损伤及其严重程度等,按照美国创伤外科学会-器官损伤分级（AAST-OIS）对患者进行分级.根据体征及各种检查结果综合评估,选择保守治疗或手术治疗.采用门诊及电话方式进行随访,随访时间截至2014年4月.结果 腹上区或肝区疼痛患者176例,不同程度低血压、休克患者98例.142例患者行腹腔穿刺术抽出不凝血,132例患者CT检查结果示肝破裂,88例患者急诊B超检查结果示肝破裂.AAST-OIS Ⅰ级28例,Ⅱ级63例,Ⅲ级45例,Ⅳ级30例,Ⅴ级17例.58例患者保守治疗成功,其中AAST-OIS Ⅰ级21例,Ⅱ级17例,Ⅲ级14例,Ⅳ级5例,Ⅴ级1例.125例患者行手术治疗,其中AAST-OIS Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级46例,Ⅲ级31例,Ⅳ级25例,Ⅴ级16例.125例手术治疗患者中,46例仅行腹腔引流术或肝裂伤单纯缝合术;35例行肝裂伤缝合术联合使用大网膜或可吸收止血材料填塞术;13例行不规则性肝切除术;12例行肝动脉结扎或破裂静脉修补术联合清创性肝切除术;9例行规则性肝叶或肝段切除术;8例行肝周纱布填塞术;2例术中因肝静脉、下腔静脉损伤致严重失血性休克死亡.手术治疗患者术中输血量为（400±116） mL.所有患者住院时间为（12±3）d.8例患者术后死亡.保守治疗患者中,1例胆汁漏,1例形成肝内血肿并液化包裹.手术治疗患者中,18例并发胆汁漏,6例术后出血,均经对症处理后治愈.157例患者获得随访,随访率为85.79％（157/183）.随访时间为4～ 30个月,中位随访时间为23个月.随访期间,患者均健康生存,无并发症发生.结论 肝损伤患者临床表现多为腹上区或肝区疼痛,并伴有不同程度休克,结合B超、CT检查及腹腔穿刺术是诊断肝损伤?     

严重胰腺外伤的早期处理

目的:探讨严重胰腺外伤的早期处理方法。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月—2015年4月收治的24例胰腺外伤的患者的临床资料。结果:全组24例患者中,I级损伤5例及II级损伤6例均行胰腺坏死组织清除加局部引流术;III级损伤6例均行胰腺体尾部切除术;IV级损伤7例,2例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例行局部的清创引流术。全组治愈23例(95.8%),死亡1例(感染性休克),有并发症者15例(62.5%,24例次),其中胰瘘9例,创伤性胰腺炎3例,胰腺假性囊肿2例,感染2例,胆瘘1例,失血性休克1例。结论:应根据损伤程度不断调整治疗方案,选择合理的手术方式和手术时机,胰周的通畅引流和灌洗是严重胰腺外伤治疗成功保证。     

创伤性血胆症

目的 探讨创伤性血胆症的发病机制、临床特点及防治方法。方法 对1978-2002年国内文献报告的15例和我院收治的1例创伤性血胆症病人的临床资料进行总结分析。结果 肝破裂修补术后11例,填塞止血术后4例,PTCD 1例。伤后发生胆道出血时间:<1周6例,1-3周6例,>3周4例。右上腹疼痛15例,便血16例,呕血10例,T管流血3例,PTCD管流血1例,黄疸9例。行再次手术治疗13例,非手术治疗3例。治愈12例,死亡4例。结论 创伤性血胆症是肝外伤的严重并发症,典型表现为胆绞痛、黄疸和上消化道出血三联症。具有上消化道出血与受伤时间的脱离现象,出血多可自行缓解,但常反复发作。对肝外伤创面进行彻底清创止血是防治本症的关键。本症以手术治疗为主。     

外伤性肝破裂危险因素分析

目的　分析外伤性肝破裂的危险因素。方法　将 1996～ 2 0 0 1年我院收治的外伤所致的 4 9例肝破裂患者入院时的 13项指标、美国肝脏损伤分级标准、出血量和预后 (并发症的发生率和死亡率 )的关系进行分析。结果　收缩压、脉率、失血量、受伤至就诊时间、肝脏损伤分级 ,是影响肝破裂预后的因素。结论　对影响肝破裂的预后因素应当予以足够的重视 ,以提高临床疗效。     

外伤性肝破裂52例诊治体会

目的分析肝脏外伤的特点及其诊治方法。方法对1996年1月-2005年12月年本院收治创伤性肝破裂52例进行回顾性分析。其中Ⅲ级以上的严重肝破裂37例。手术治疗51例,手术方式包括单纯修补、清创性肝切除、肝周填塞止血:非手术治疗1例。结果:手术组:治愈49例,术后死亡2例:非手术组1例治愈结论:I级单纯性外伤性肝破裂可保守治疗;手术是治疗创伤性肝破裂的主要措施。确切止血,仔细结扎胆管,充分通畅的引流及术后抗生素扣支持治疗是防止并发症的关键。     

胰腺横断伤14例诊治体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨胰腺横断伤的诊断及治疗方法。方法〓对我院 2001年6月至2013年12月间收治的14例胰腺横断伤的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果〓手术患者14例,术后死亡3例,其余11例治愈出院。术后并发胰瘘及不同程度腹腔感染6例,腹腔出血2例,3例并发假性胰腺囊肿,其中2例经非手术治疗后消失,1例6个月后行囊肿空肠内引流术治愈。结论〓胰腺横断伤术前诊断困难,手术探查仍是当前主要的诊断方法。手术方式应根据胰腺的横断部位、损伤程度、有无合并伤而决定。有效、充分腹腔引流及综合处理合并伤可提高胰腺横断伤的治愈率、有助于降低并发症和病死率。     

创伤性结肠损伤42例分析

目的：探讨创伤性结肠损伤的特点以及诊断和治疗方法，提高早期确诊率和治疗成功率。方法：对1996～2003年期间42例结肠损伤病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：42例均行手术治疗，治愈41例，死亡1例。一期手术治疗31例，术后发生肠瘘及腹腔脓肿1例，腹腔感染脓肿形成1例，切口感染1例，并发症发生率为9．7％。治愈31例，治愈率100％。二期手术11例，首次术后发生腹腔感染2例，并发症发生率为18．2％，治愈10例，死亡1例。结论：结肠损伤一期手术治疗是一种理想可行的手术方法，但必须严格掌握其适应证；而早期确诊和控制感染可提高治疗效果。     

肝破裂超声诊断与术中对照120例报告

目的：探讨超声检查对肝破裂的诊断价值。方法：对120例肝破裂患者行超声检查．将其诊断与术中对照的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：本组120例患者，经超声检查诊断：肝实质离断伤55例．肝实质挫裂伤38例，肝包膜下血肿12例，肝癌自发性破裂7例，超声检查诊断肝破裂共计112例，与术中探查结果对照其诊断符合率为93．3％。结论：超声检查对肝破裂的临床诊断具有较高的实际应用价值，可作为临床诊断肝破裂的重要检查方法之一。     

Management of traumatic rupture of the aorta]

Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta is a common injury in automobile accidents. It is the result of a crushing chest injury, most frequently associated with sudden deceleration. Approximately 10 to 20% of the individuals with traumatic rupture of the aorta survive temporarily. Diagnosis may be difficult, but if the lesion is promptly diagnosed, appropriate surgical treatment may be life-saving. 9 patients with traumatic aortic rupture have been operated on at our unit since 1969. 2 died postoperatively from acute respiratory distress syndrome. 7 survived the immediate postoperative period without major complications. 2 of them died later after four weeks because of complications not related to the operation. Based on the literature and on our own experience some directions in the management of the traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta are presented.     

复发性肩关节前脱位的临床病理表现

目的通过肩关节镜全面了解复发性肩关节前脱位的临床病理表现。方法52例复发性肩关节前脱位患者行关节镜检查,男38例,女14例;年龄16～49岁,平均24.7岁;脱位次数3～15次,平均7.4次。除2例癫痫外,其余50例患者在全麻下行平移试验及Sulcus试验,依照Hawkins分类系统记录试验结果,如果向前、后、下移位超过2°,则为肩关节松弛。50例患者中,32例肩关节松弛,归为关节松弛组,男22例,女10例;18例无肩关节松弛,为单纯创伤性复发性前脱位,归为单纯创伤组,男14例,女4例。记录镜下病理改变并对比两组镜下病理改变的差异。结果51例患者有前下盂唇损伤,50例有Hill-Sachs损伤,32例有肱二头肌腱炎症或损伤,30例有前下盂骨、软骨的损伤,29例有SLAP损伤,7例有肩袖损伤。前下盂唇损伤时,单纯创伤组磨损消失较多(P=0.055),关节松弛组ALPSA损伤较多(59.4%对38.9%,P=0.164)。单纯创伤组前下盂软骨及骨损伤较多(P=0.083,P=0.052)。Hill-Sachs损伤,在关节松弛组以浅或软骨性损伤为主,在单纯创伤组以较宽深或骨性损伤为主。结论复发性肩关节前脱位最常见的病理改变依次为:前下盂唇损伤,Hill-Sachs损伤,肱二头肌腱炎症或损伤,前下盂的骨、软骨损伤,SLAP损伤,肩袖损伤。肩关节松弛伴肩关节复发性前脱位患者镜下病理改变相对较轻。     

外伤性脾破裂治疗分析

目的总结外伤性脾破裂的治疗经验。方法对65例外伤性脾破裂患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 44例患者进行保守治疗,除1例自动放弃治疗出院外,保守治疗成功率为93.18%（2例中转手术）;17例行全脾切除术治疗,术后均无并发症发生,患者均获得成功;4例行介入栓塞治疗,1例出院发生出血再次住院保守治疗成功。结论脾外伤的治疗应根据患者的个体性和脾损伤程度决定,采用多种方式保脾。     

胰腺损伤23例诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺损伤的诊断和手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院自1997年1月至2007年12月间收治的23例胰腺损伤的临床资料。结果本组均行手术治疗，治愈21例，死亡2例。其中，死于创伤性失血性休克1例，死于多器官功能衰竭1例。结论胰腺损伤早期诊断困难，腹腔穿刺检查和CT扫描非常重要。关键是保持高度警惕，综合分析判断。对高度怀疑或诊断为胰腺损伤者，应尽早手术探查，按损伤部位及严重程度，选择合理的手术方式，以提高治愈率，减少并发症的发生。     

胃肠道创伤303例临床分析

目的探讨胃肠道创伤的发生特点及其临床表现、诊治方法。方法回顾分析303例胃肠道创伤患者临床资料,其中227例(74.9%)合并腹部其他脏器或血管损伤。行破裂口缝合修补术213例(70.3%)、空腔脏器部分切除吻合术35例(11.6%),余保守治疗,对合并伤均作相应处理。结果本组男女伤员比例为9.6∶1;平均年龄28.2岁;以工人为主。主要致伤原因为锐器切割、交通事故及钝性击打,合计占67%。治愈294例(97%),余9例死于失血性休克或多器官功能障碍综合征。结论准确全面的早期诊断、正确处理胃肠道破裂、重要脏器合并伤以及MODS是腹部创伤诊治过程中的重要内容。男性青壮年工人是胃肠道创伤的高危人群,对其进行健康教育、提高基层医院诊治水平有望降低此病的社会危害。     

外伤性肝破裂的综合外科治疗

目的 提高外伤性肝破裂的外科治疗水平。方法 从1987年9月～2001年1月共收治外伤性肝破裂210例,现将其外科处理原则,手术方法的选择,非手术治疗的指征以及治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果 本组病例采用综合手术治疗198例,其中治愈182例,治愈率为91.9％;死亡16例,病死率为8.1％。主要死亡原因为严重休克及严重合并伤。非手术治疗12例,全部治愈。结论 采用综合手术冶疗可明显提高手术成功率和减少并发症率。清创术加大网膜填塞肝修补术,肝修补术,选择性肝动脉结扎及不规则肝切除是治疗外伤性肝破裂的主要手段。严格掌握非手术治疗的适应证可以提高治愈率。     

胰腺钝性损伤急诊CT诊断与外科治疗

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨胰腺损伤的诊断及外科治疗。方法〓回顾分析经临床诊疗和手术证实为钝性胰腺损伤(13例)患者CT表现和治疗结果。结果〓13例患者中,胰腺挫伤4例,挫裂伤9例,其中胰腺横断伤1例;均伴有胰周被膜、肾前筋膜增厚,胰腺周围脂肪间隙模糊及积液;2例伴假囊肿形成。合并伤包括脾挫裂伤5例,肝挫裂伤6例,肾挫裂伤3例。12例痊愈,1例死亡,3例术后6月假性囊肿形成。结论〓腹部CT检查对胰腺损伤的早期诊断及治疗具有非常重要的价值。     

Outcome and management of blunt liver injuries in multiple trauma patients

Background: In Germany, abdominal trauma in multiple- trauma patients can be observed in about 25–35% of all cases. Due to major bleeding complications, the initial treatment of blunt abdominal trauma in multiple-trauma patients has high priority. The aim of this study was to discuss management, treatment and outcome of blunt liver injury in multiple-trauma patients treated in our department. Methods: The clinical records of 1192 multiple-trauma patients [injury severity score (ISS) 3–18] treated at the Surgical Department of the University Clinic of Essen from January 1975 to February 1998 were reviewed. Seventy-five patients with an ISS above 18 operated on due to a blunt liver injury could be included. The mean age was 29.82±1.80 years (60 males and 15 females). The degree of injury in this group was high (ISS 37.12±1.06). Results: Twenty-three of the 75 (30.6%) patients died during their hospital stay. Deceased patients were older (27±2 years versus 37±4 years; P<0.01) and had a higher ISS (ISS=34.5±1 versus 43.2±2; P<0.01). In nine cases, death was strongly related to liver injury. Operational blood loss was higher in the group of multiply injured patients with liver injury and in those patients who did not survive (P<0.05). An increased mortality could be seen in this selected patient group when compared with our large collective of multiply injured patients. The age of the patients, the ISS and operative blood loss were the significant factors that influenced the operative mortality after blunt hepatic injuries in our study. Received: 28 October 1998 Accepted: 22 April 1999     

Surgical versus endovascular treatment of traumatic thoracic aortic rupture

OBJECTIVES: Blunt traumatic thoracic aortic rupture is a life-threatening surgical emergency associated with high mortality and morbidity. The recent development of endovascular stent-graft prostheses offers a potentially less invasive alternative to open chest surgery, especially in patients with associated injuries. We sought to compare the results of conventional surgical repair and endovascular treatment of traumatic aortic rupture in a single center. METHODS: From July 1998 to January 2004, 20 patients with acute blunt traumatic aortic rupture underwent treatment at our institution. All patients had a lesion limited to the isthmus, and associated injuries. Initial management included fluid resuscitation, treatment of other severe associated lesions, and strict monitoring of blood pressure. Eleven patients (9 men, 2 women; mean age, 32 years) underwent surgical repair, including direct suturing in 6 patients and graft interposition in 5 patients. Ten patients were operated on with cardiopulmonary support (left bypass with centrifugal pump, n = 2; extracorporeal circulation, n = 8). The delay between trauma and surgery was 2.6 days (range, 0-21 days). Nine patients (8 men, 1 woman; mean age, 32 years) underwent endovascular treatment with commercially available devices (Excluder, n = 2; Talent, n = 7). In all patients 1 stent graft was deployed. In 2 patients the left subclavian artery was intentionally covered with the device. The delay between trauma and endovascular treatment was 17.8 days (range, 1-68 days). RESULTS: One patient in the surgical group (9.1%) died during the intervention. Three surgical complications occurred in 3 patients (27%), including left phrenic nerve palsy (n = 1), left-sided recurrent nerve palsy (n = 1), and hemopericardium 16 days after surgery that required a repeat intervention (n = 1). No patient in this group had paraplegia. In the endovascular group successful stent-graft deployment was achieved in all patients, with no conversion to open repair. No patient died, and no procedure-related complications, including paraplegia, occurred in this group. Control computed tomography scans obtained within 7 days after endovascular treatment showed exclusion of pseudoaneurysm in all cases. Length of follow-up for endovascular treatment ranged from 3 to 41 months (mean, 15.1 months). Computed tomography scans obtained 3 months after endovascular treatment showed complete disappearance of pseudoaneurysm in all patients. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of blunt traumatic thoracic aortic rupture, the immediate outcome in patients who receive endovascular stent grafts appears to be at least as good as observed after conventional surgical repair. Long-term follow-up is necessary to assess long-term effectiveness of such management.     

创伤性结肠损伤的特点及诊治体会

目的探讨创伤性结肠损伤的特点和救治体会。方法回顾分析我院1995年1月~2003年12月结肠外伤48例的临床资料。结果结肠损伤中刀刺伤占71%,腹部钝性伤占25%,火器伤4%。合并多发伤或多脏器伤35例,一期修补或切除吻合46例,结肠局部切除 近端造口2例,手术死亡1例,十二指肠损伤漏诊1例,术后死亡3例,切口感染及脂肪液化7例,严重腹腔感染3例。结论结肠损伤以开放性穿透性损伤为多见,常伴有其他脏器伤,且结肠损伤具有一定的隐匿性,易误诊、漏诊,引起严重感染,影响愈合。治疗上强调尽早手术,术中探查应全面仔细,谨防遗漏,一期修补或切除吻合对绝大多数结肠损伤是安全可靠的。