工业废渣和再生微粉协同固化淤泥的性能研究

采用再生微粉和工业废渣固化淤泥,研究了固化材料的类型（工业废渣基固化材料A、工业废渣-再生微粉基固化材料B）和掺量（5%、10%、15%、20%）、淤泥含水率（17%、45%、70%）对固化淤泥力学性能的影响,并进行了XRD和SEM分析,探讨了固化机理。结果表明：固化材料B的抗压强度比固化材料A的抗压强度低;固化材料B固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度比固化材料A固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度低;随着固化材料掺量的增加,固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度增大;随着淤泥含水率的增加,固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度降低;综合考虑经济性、绿色低碳和固化淤泥的力学性能,推荐采用固化材料B作为淤泥的固化材料。     

淤泥固化材料研究进展

水利工程建设和河流湖泊的生态环境治理,产生了大量的疏浚淤泥,淤泥固化处理及其资源化利用,具有良好的环境效益和经济价值。本文阐述了有机类固化材料、无机类固化材料、生物酶类固化材料以及复合类固化材料的组成、特点、固化效果和固化机理,并指出了未来淤泥固化研究的主要问题,为不同施工条件下因地制宜地选择淤泥固化材料提供参考。     

固化粉煤灰抗压强度试验及固化机理研究

将具有优异性能的固化剂作为外掺剂应用于粉煤灰的固化研究。通过室内无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了固化剂掺入比和龄期对固化粉煤灰强度的影响规律;通过固化粉煤灰X射线衍射（XRD）试验,研究了固化粉煤灰各组分在强度形成过程中的变化规律;通过扫描电镜（SEM）测试,分析了固化粉煤灰的微结构特点及微结构形成过程;在分析粉煤灰-石灰体系反应基本原理的基础上,提出了固化粉煤灰的固化机理,该研究将为固化粉煤灰在工程中的进一步应用奠定理论和试验基础。     

水泥及其外加剂固化淤泥的试验研究

为了改善武汉东湖疏浚淤泥的物理力学性能,在传统水泥固化处理方法的基础上,掺入外加剂氢氧化钠(NaOH)和石膏,对100多组淤泥固化土试样进行了室内无侧限抗压强度试验,进行固化效果和固化机理的分析。结果表明:在疏浚淤泥固化过程中水泥占主导地位,对固化效果影响最为显著;NaOH促进了水泥的水化作用,增强了淤泥固化土的无侧限抗压强度,表现在固化淤泥早期强度的快速提高;石膏有利于固化淤泥早期强度的形成,其作用持续于整个淤泥固化过程。在水泥掺入比一定时,NaOH和石膏都存在最佳掺量,超过了最佳掺量,强度就会降低。3种固化剂的正交试验得出最佳配比为实际工程的应用提供依据。     

基于扰动状态概念理论的固化淤泥一维压缩模型

采用低碳、环保的镁质水泥对淤泥进行固化处理,研究了不同龄期下固化淤泥一维压缩特性。采用新型环刀制样方法,开展了镁质水泥固化淤泥的一维压缩实验研究。结果表明:固化淤泥的压缩曲线与结构性土变化趋势类似,固化淤泥的ln(1+e)–lgσ′v曲线存在一个明显的拐点(结构屈服应力),且随着龄期的增长,固化淤泥的结构屈服应力逐渐增大。基于扰动状态概念理论,提出了能反应固化淤泥强化与弱化并存的一维压缩模型,试验验证了该模型可以较好预测任意龄期下固化淤泥的一维压缩特性。     

环氧树脂结构胶低温固化技术及展望

以环氧树脂（EP）的固化机理为切入点,重点从环氧树脂固化热效应、低温固化剂两个方面综述了近年来环氧树脂结构胶低温固化技术的研究进展和应用现状,并对环氧树脂结构胶低温固化技术的研究应用进行了展望,提出利用微波固化技术、光固化技术及引用化学热源（CHS）实现环氧树脂结构胶在更低温度条件下快速固化的猜想.     

污泥的固化稳定化技术综述

污泥的固化稳定化是污泥处理处置的热点问题,从固化材料角度综述了污泥的固化稳定化技术研究进展,并对今后污泥固化稳定化所走的道路提出展望。     

碱激发矿渣固化土压平衡盾构渣土的试验研究

利用碱激发高炉矿渣对土压平衡盾构渣土进行固化,考察了矿渣掺量、液固比、碱激发剂、成型压力、养护温度等因素对固化土力学性能的影响,分析了固化反应的主要产物及固化土的微观结构,研究了固化土的抗酸抗盐侵蚀能力。结果表明:碱激发高炉矿渣对土压平衡盾构渣土具有较好的固化能力,在配比范围内,随着高炉矿渣掺量的增加,固化渣土抗压强度和表观密度增大;固化渣土强度的主要来源是碱激发高炉矿渣生成的C-S-H和C-A-S-H;氢氧化钠和水玻璃的复合激发相对于单一激发固化效果更好,液固比、成型压力和养护温度对于固化渣土的抗压强度有一定影响;硫酸钠对所制备的固化渣土的侵蚀作用较小,而硫酸和盐酸的侵蚀作用相对较大。     

水玻璃涂料的成膜机理及其改性途径

本文简要地阐述了水玻璃涂料的成膜机理及加热固化、固化液后固化、外加固化剂固化、酸改性技术、潜固化剂固化、与有机成膜物复合化以及其它改性途径。     

复合土壤胶结料固化砂土、页岩的试验研究

对复合土壤胶结料固化砂土、页岩的固化性能进行了试验研究.结果表明,复合土壤胶结料掺量在10～25%时,固化砂土的强度随胶结料的增加而增长,固化页岩各龄期的强度都比固化砂土的强度高.     

Designing Whole Landscapes

A whole-landscape approach is critical to ensuring conservation and enhancement of biodiversity in farmed landscapes. Although existing agri-environmental schemes are constrained by property boundaries and voluntary take up, the potential for adopting a whole-landscape approach to planned countryside management is currently favoured by a number of factors. These include economic uncertainty in some agricultural sectors; the introduction of a reformulated rural development policy; increased understanding of relationships between biodiversity and management; and the introduction of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology that allows future landscapes to be visualized by stakeholders. Ecological and socio-economic aspects of whole-landscape planning in a study covering 31 neighbouring farms in west Oxfordshire are reported. A baseline was first compiled that included information on: property boundaries; land cover; relationships between hedge and field margin management and key taxa; and farmer socio-economics and attitudes towards agri-environmental measures, conservation and sustainable agriculture. Future scenarios of integrated wholelandscape management were then developed, designed to deliver amenity, environmental and biodiversity benefits. These scenarios were presented and interpreted to farmers and conservation and amenity stakeholders with the aid of GIS-based maps and three-dimensional virtual reality visualizations. Farmers' responses are reported and the potential for implementing whole-landscape planning is discussed .     

增加，改造，修正：不断成长的博物馆

在２０世纪末期．欧美的博物得变成了一种“加法动物”不断进行着改建、扩建和加建．从而涌现出大量风格方式不间的建筑实例其中既有失败．也有成功。本文选择了部分典型案例如以分析，特别肯定了托马斯·毕比和西萨·佩里的设计概念和方法，并提出了未来的改．扩建将面向未来不断发展的观点。     

Is Managed Recreational Use Compatible with Effective Habitat and Wildlife Occurrence in Urban Open Space Corridor Systems?

The extent to which urban open space corridors meet recreational, habitat and wildlife needs is highly dependent on the degree to which the interactive effects of these uses are identified and incorporated into planning, design and management decisions. For managers who aim to enhance compatibility between people and wildlife, the challenge is to bridge the gap between established practice and a more multi-functional approach. Ultimately the aim should be to put in place an enlightened and sympathetic management regime that supports indigenous biodiversity maintainable at an acceptable cost and is compatible with providing sufficient access to cater for a wide range of recreational activities. Principles relating to site evaluation and corridor management are discussed in the context of a case study in Singapore.     

Environmental affordances and children’s needs: Insights from child-friendly community streets in China

With rapid urbanization in China, an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space. Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions, and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities. As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities, the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities. The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities. It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth. Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design, children’s growth and environment, and street-game spaces, this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and other methods. Then, from the perspective of cognitive affordance, functional affordance, and social affordance, it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group. Finally, from the perspectives of openness and security, preference and diversity, positive and negative, and reality and potential, it proposes a method to assess the existing environment. This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities, and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels, so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness. This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.     

中国城市规划三十年（1978-2008）纵览

本文通过把改革开放30年以来中国城市规划的发展历程大致分为恢复重建、摸索学习、加速推进、调整壮大、反思求变和更新转型等六个阶段,阐述了城市规划是如何摆脱计划经济束缚、走向市场经济并在实践中发展的,以及城市规划的任务是如何在资本注入和土地制度改革的推动下逐渐显现出宏观调控和建设引导控制作用,并进而适应多变和多元的发展形势,向和谐社会、多值决策和科学发展迈进的。     

孤独庙隧道特殊地质条件下洞口端施工技术

针对西(安)合(肥)高速公路孤独庙隧道工程,在进口段岩层松散破碎和出口段基础悬空、严重偏压等不良地质情况和复杂环境条件下,采用大管棚、小导管注浆联合超前支护加固、反压侧墙平衡措施,以及通过开挖方法和支护类型的合理选用与实施确定开挖支护方案,确保了工程质量与安全,创造了较好经济和社会效益。     

Shaken,shrinking, hot,impoverished and informal: Emerging research agendas in planning

This is the second of two special issues in Progress in Planning exploring emerging research agendas in planning. It brings together scholars from diverse schools working on new areas of research and application in urban design and planning. Emergent research agendas include both novel areas of research and important shifts in the direction of a research area. The challenge for planning schools is to reflect critically on these changes and develop long-term research agendas that can better position our field in society and academia, and provide a basis from which to assess our academic programmes. The chapters in this issue display the different scales and fields of planning, including planning for: disaster recovery; climate change, especially opportunities for mitigation; shrinking cities in the First World; and rapidly urbanising informal and impoverished cities in the global South. At the same time, the chapters identify research areas that respond to major social and environmental changes. Olshansky and Chang highlight the increasing losses from catastrophic disasters, and address the need for disaster recovery planning. Wheeler, Randolph and London focus on climate change, and, noting the urgency of action now, their research agenda emphasises opportunities for planners to develop research and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hollander, Pallagst, Schwarz and Popper look at increasing economic and population trends in many First World cities that result in city ‘shrinkage’. They present new opportunities for improving cities’ green space networks and natural features, and for research. The trebling of urban population in African cities by 2050, in conditions of poverty and informality, is the major trend driving Parnell, Pietriese and Watson's chapter. They present an agenda for new planning theories and for supporting empirical research to address the actual conditions of African cities.     

A House is not a Home: The Housing Experiences of African and Caribbean Mothers Living with HIV

HIV-positive mothers living in Toronto, ON, face myriad economic and social challenges that put them at risk for housing instability and homelessness. These challenges are exacerbated for mothers from African and Caribbean communities as they navigate a web of shelter, housing, health care and social care systems that do not adequately address their social positioning as HIV-positive and racialized mothers. To date, there is a dearth of research that has taken a cultural, ethnoracial and gendered lens to explore these issues, and consequently, little is known about their experiences of housing instability as it intersects with issues related to motherhood, poverty, sexism, racism, immigration status and HIV-related stigma and discrimination. This paper presents findings from the HIV, Housing and Families community-based research study and highlights the unique and complex housing issues African and Caribbean mothers facing by living with HIV in Toronto. Implications for policy and practice are also discussed.     

感悟新建筑——浅析墨菲/扬建筑事务所的设计哲学与设计实践

作为世界著名的建筑事务所,墨菲/扬建筑事务所的设计实践体现了建筑学与工程学的跨学科合作。他们关注城市环境,采用先进和赋有创意的设计,以最少的技术设备和能源投入获得了最大的使用舒适度,成功地实现了生态、节能的设计目的,形成了通透、明晰的建筑风格。介绍墨菲/扬独特的设计理念与工作方法,并以他们近期的作品为例进行了分析和解读。     

Technical publications: The design professionals’ response

Summarized here are the results of a detailed study for the UK Building Research Establishment to discover how those involved in building design react to and use the technical publications of BRE and others. The results merit wider study; they reveal the types of publication preferred — and why — and also when and how technical publications are consulted. Also of wider interest are the comments elicited about BRE's output and how it could be improved.