山东地区盐碱土花生种子际土壤微生物群落结构的研究

【目的】以不同含盐量的滨海盐土、内陆盐碱土和中等肥力非盐碱土壤为实验对象,探讨花生种子在吸水膨胀与萌发过程中,不同类型盐碱土对种子际土壤微生物多样性变化的影响。【方法】采集不同含盐量的滨海盐土、内陆盐碱土和中等肥力非盐碱土壤,通过对各样品中细菌的16S r RNA基因的V3-V4区进行PCR扩增,利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术对12份V3-V4高变区PCR产物进行测序,并对测序数据进行生物信息学分析。【结果】(1)盐碱土壤的种子际细菌群落多样性高于非盐碱土壤,且以东营青坨滨海盐土种子际土壤细菌群落多样性较高。(2)不同类型土壤样本微生物群落结构在纲水平存在明显差异。4种土壤类型种子际土壤细菌共分属于6个菌纲,分别为Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Acidobacteria和Firmicutes菌纲,并均以Proteobacteria和Actinobacteria菌纲为主要菌纲。全样本菌落结构分析结果表明,4种类型土壤中不同吸胀时间内种子际微生物菌落在门、属水平上的类型和丰度差异最为显著(P0.05)。(3)beta多样性分析和各样本遗传距离(phylogenetic distances)聚类树图分析表明,4个土壤类型的12个土壤样本种子际土壤中微生物群落均可聚为2大类。【结论】土壤含盐量越高其种子际土壤细菌群落多样性较高。不同类型土壤样本微生物群落结构在纲水平存在明显差异,以Proteobacteria和Actinobacteria菌纲为主要菌纲。种子吸胀萌发时间影响种子际微生物菌落在门、属水平上的类型和丰度,但对相同土壤类型样本间遗传距离无影响。     

土壤类型对花生根际土壤细菌群落多样性和产量的影响

为了解不同土壤类型花生根际土壤细菌菌群多样性差异与产量的关系,明确不同土壤类型花生生产特性的区域优势,以6个花生主产区代表性土壤为研究对象,采用盆栽实验利用高通量测序技术研究不同土类花生根际土与非根际土细菌群落结构和变化特征。对6个土壤样品细菌菌群丰富度和多样性分析显示,湖南邵阳红壤细菌丰富度和多样性均较低,河北滦县褐土细菌丰富度和多样性均较高。放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)及芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)等为共有优势菌门,但在不同土壤类型样本中的菌群丰度存在明显差异,其中湖南邵阳红壤中绿弯菌门优势最明显,其他土壤类型放线菌门和变形菌门优势较明显。根际土与非根际土细菌门丰度间有差异,湖南邵阳红壤根际土与非根际土各细菌门(包括放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门以及厚壁菌门)丰度变化程度较其它地区大。冗余分析表明,土壤酸碱度(pH)、有机质(ORM)、碱解氮(N),速效磷(P)和速效钾(K)等土壤理化因子对细菌菌群组成和物种丰度均有...     

大庆盐碱地九种植物根际土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性

盐碱土是陆地表面生态脆弱区域。它与荒漠化过程相伴而生,不但造成了资源的破坏、农业生产的巨大损失,而且还对生物圈和生态环境构成威胁。研究盐碱地植物根际土壤微生物群落的多样性,对于盐碱土壤的植被恢复和生态重建具有重要意义。运用PCR-DGGE技术和Biolog微平板法,对大庆盐碱地9种不同植物根际土壤微生物结构和功能的多样性进行了分析。结果表明,不同植物根际土壤微生物组成不同,同一科的植物具有相似的微生物组成。对11个克隆进行了序列测定,发现这一地区植物根际优势微生物菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)。利用Biolog微平板法分析了微生物群落功能多样性。结果表明,不同植物根际土壤细菌群落对底物碳源的代谢特征存在着一定的差异,其中豆科的野大豆根际土壤细菌对底物碳源的代谢能力最强。     

不同生境黑果枸杞根际与非根际土壤微生物群落多样性

研究典型生境黑果枸杞根际与非根际土壤微生物群落多样性及其与土壤理化性质间的关系,为进一步研究黑果枸杞抗逆性提供理论数据。采集新疆精河县艾比湖地区(EB)盐碱地、乌苏市(WS)路旁荒地、五家渠市(WQ)人工林带的黑果枸杞根际与非根际土壤,利用Illumina-MiSeq高通量测序技术分析细菌和真菌群落组成和多样性。结果表明:根际土壤细菌多样性高于非根际土壤(WQ除外),而根际真菌多样性低于非根际土壤。WQ非根际土壤细菌和真菌多样性均高于EB和WS;根际细菌多样性排序为EBWSWQ,根际真菌多样性排序为WSEBWQ。根际土壤优势细菌门依次是变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门,真菌优势门为子囊菌门、担子菌门。根际土壤细菌变形菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门的相对丰度高于非根际土壤,而厚壁菌在根际土壤中的丰度显著降低,真菌优势门丰度在根际土和非根际土中的变化趋势因地区而异; Haliea、Gp10、Pelagibius、Microbulbifer、假单胞菌属、Thioprofundum、Deferrisoma是根际土壤细菌优势属;多孢子菌属、支顶孢属、Corollospora、Cochlonema是根际真菌优势属。细菌、真菌优势类群(门、属)的组成以及丰富度存在地区间差异,厚壁菌门在EB地区的丰富度显著高于含盐量较低的WS、WQ;盐碱生境EB中根际土壤嗜盐细菌的丰度高于非盐碱生境(WQ、WS),如盐单胞菌属、动性球菌属、Geminicoccu、Pelagibius、Gracilimonas、Salinimicrobium等。小囊菌属是EB根际真菌的最优势属,Melanoleuca是WQ和WS的最优势属,地孔菌属、Xenobotrytis、Brachyconidiellopsis、多孢子菌属等在EB根际土壤中的丰度显著高于WQ和WS。非盐碱生境(WS和WQ)的微生物群落之间的相似性较高,并且高于与盐碱环境(EB)之间的相似性,表明土壤含盐量对微生物群落组成丰度具有重要的影响。     

小黑麦对石油污染盐碱土壤细菌群落与石油烃降解的影响

为了研究小黑麦对石油污染盐碱土壤中的细菌群落与石油烃降解率的影响,采用高通量测序技术,设置0 g/kg,1 g/kg和5 g/kg三个石油浓度,以未种植小黑麦的土壤作为对照,对6组不同处理的盐碱土壤样品的细菌群落结构及其多样性进行测定,并分析土壤中的石油烃降解率。结果表明:在土壤石油浓度为1 g/kg和5 g/kg时,小黑麦根际土壤中的石油烃降解率相较对照组分别提高了36.67%和33.20%。从6个土壤样品中分别获得21398—27899条测序序列。在石油污染土壤中,小黑麦根际土壤的细菌群落多样性和丰度均大于对照组的土壤。同时,在"门","纲","属"的分类水平上,小黑麦根际土壤细菌群落中的一些根际细菌的相对丰度增加了,主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、烷烃降解菌科-未命名菌属(Alcanivoracaceae_norank)、黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas)、亚硝化单胞菌-不可培养菌属(Nitrosomonadaceae_unculture)等。有一些相对丰度增加的根际细菌是以石油及石油分解物为碳源的微生物。本研究证明种植小黑麦改变了石油污染盐碱土壤根际土壤细菌群落结构组成和多样性,促进了降解石油微生物群落的构建,显著提高了盐碱土壤石油污染的降解效果。研究结果为石油污染盐碱土壤的植物修复奠定了理论基础。     

尖峰岭热带天然林不同土层细菌群落多样性和组成的海拔变异规律

土壤微生物群落结构沿海拔梯度的变异是微生物生物地理学分异和群落空间分布的重要内容,然而,热带森林土壤微生物多样性及其群落特征的海拔模式尚不明确。研究海南省尖峰岭自然保护区0—20cm和20—40cm土壤细菌多样性和群落组成沿海拔梯度(400—1410m)的变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：在0—20cm土壤微生物生物量碳、生物量氮和生物量磷随海拔升高(峰顶降低)而增加,20—40cm土壤微生物生物量碳、生物量氮和生物量磷随海拔升高呈先升高后降低趋势;整体上,变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门在0—20cm中占优势,丰度总和占该层细菌总量的88.17%;变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门在20—40cm中占优势,丰度总和占该层细菌总量的90.82%;随海拔增加,0—20cm细菌多样性线性减少,20—40cm细菌多样性变化不显著;沿海拔梯度,0—20cm细菌群落组成可分为低(409—1018m),中(1018—1357m)和高(1410m)三个海拔聚集群落,20—40cm细菌群落组成随海拔无显著性变化;两土层细菌多样性与土壤pH显著正相关,土壤细菌群落组成在0...     

玉米和花生间作根际细菌群落结构与PICRUSt的功能预测

禾本科/豆科作物间作能够促进作物生长与产量形成，而根际微生物组被认为与间作产量优势形成关系密切。将玉米和花生进行盆栽间作并设置以下三种根系分隔方式：塑料膜分隔(即全隔玉米与全隔花生)、尼龙网分隔(即网隔玉米与网隔花生)、无分隔处理(即无隔玉米与无隔花生),采用基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术及PICRUSt功能预测分析不同模式下二者根际细菌群落结构与功能类群的变化，以期从土壤微生物组角度阐明玉米/花生间作产量优势形成的内在机制。结果显示：玉米/花生间作明显改变了二者根际细菌群落结构，无隔、网隔玉米的根际细菌群落结构更为相似并区别于全隔玉米，而网隔花生根际细菌群落结构明显区别于无隔、全隔花生。而且，无隔、网隔玉米根际放线菌门的相对丰度显著高于全隔玉米，网隔花生根际放线菌门、厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著高于全隔、无隔花生，而芽单胞菌门呈现相反的变化趋势。在玉米和花生根际，无隔、网隔处理高于全隔处理的OTU也均主要注释为放线菌门。共存网络分析发现，作为玉米根际细菌网络重要节点的Streptomyces、Actinomadura、Arthrobacter、Bacillus等菌属其丰度变化表现...     

应用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析河西走廊地区盐碱土壤微生物多样性

【目的】以甘肃省河西走廊地区的9个盐碱土壤样品(原生盐碱土、次生盐碱土、农田土)为材料,研究该地区盐碱土壤中微生物群落的多样性。【方法】提取土壤微生物总DNA,应用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术进行分析。【结果】从分布在河西走廊3个流域的9个盐碱土样品中共获得325 089条微生物的16S r RNA基因序列。冗余分析和热图分析表明,原生盐碱土与次生盐碱土、原生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落构成差异较大,次生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落差异较小。土壤p H对微生物群落组成的影响最显著。多样性指数和稀释性曲线分析得出,在9个土壤样品中,S6号Shannon指数最大,S1号Shannon指数最小,S1号Simpson指数最大,S6号Simpson指数最小,说明原生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最低,次生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最高。盐碱土壤中主要的微生物群落包括9个门,其中变形菌门占主导地位,其余依次是放线菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、厚壁菌门和疣微菌门。原生盐碱土和农田土中占优势的微生物群落是变形菌门,次生盐碱土中占优势的微生物群落是放线菌门。【结论】河西走廊地区盐碱土壤中微生物多样性非常丰富,存在大量的微生物类群,尤其是在次生盐碱土壤中。     

盐城滨海滩涂湿地典型植物群落土壤微生物组成与结构特征

土壤微生物是生态系统维持正常结构与功能的重要组成部分,为探究盐城滩涂典型湿地土壤微生物群落结构特征,以江苏盐城滩涂互花米草、藨草、盐地碱蓬、芦苇及淤泥质光滩5种典型群落为对象,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析0—10 cm(表层)、10—30 cm(中层)、30—60 cm(深层)土壤微生物多样性及群落结构。结果表明：(1)几种植物群落间,土壤微生物群落结构差异较大,主要体现在细菌群落结构的差异性,古菌群落结构差异相对较小。光滩与植物群落间,在土壤细菌种类及相对丰度上差异相对较大,互花米草群落与本土植物群落间,在微生物群落的细菌种类组成上存在较大差异;藨草群落土壤表层微生物群落结构与互花米草群落相似,深层与盐地碱蓬、芦苇群落相似。(2)同一群落不同层次土壤微生物群落结构相似,差异小于不同群落间土壤微生物群落的结构差异性;不同群落对应层次间,表深层土壤中五种群落土壤微生物多样性存在显著差异,中层土壤中五种群落微生物多样性差异不显著。总体上,植物群落类型对土壤微生物群落结构的影响大于土壤深度;与本土植物群落相比,互花米草群落土壤主要优势门微生物种类差异较小,但部分优势门微生物相对丰度...     

大兴安岭典型永久冻土土壤细菌群落组成和多样性

【背景】土壤微生物是土壤生物中的重要成分,参与了土壤生态系统中关键的生物化学循环过程。但是关于寒温带多年冻土土壤微生物的研究还比较薄弱。【目的】探究大兴安岭多年冻土土壤中微生物的多样性和种群结构。【方法】利用MiSeq高通量测序技术对黑龙江大兴安岭地区呼中保护区落叶松冻土和樟子松林冻土土壤样品进行测序。【结果】在落叶松冻土和樟子松林冻土土壤中,相对丰度最高的优势菌群的组成基本一致,在门水平有疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、Parcubacteria、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)10个细菌门类,其中,疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)在樟子松林土壤中的相对丰度较多,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在落叶松林土壤中的相对丰度较多。通过α多样性分析可知,落叶松冻土土壤微生物的群落多样性高于樟子松林冻土,而且两者的细菌群落组成与结构差异性较大。【结论】为深入认识大兴安岭多年冻土区的土壤微生物群落结构组成以及影响因素提供数据支撑。     

Use of mulberry–soybean intercropping in salt–alkali soil impacts the diversity of the soil bacterial community

Diverse intercropping system has been used to control disease and improve productivity in the field. In this research, the bacterial communities in salt–alkali soils of monoculture and intercropping mulberry and soybean were studied using 454‐pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. The dominant taxonomic groups were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and Gemmatimonadetes and these were present across all samples. However, the diversity and composition of bacterial communities varied between monoculture and intercropping samples. The estimated bacterial diversity (H') was higher with intercropping soybean than in monoculture soybean, whereas H' showed an opposite pattern in monoculture and intercropping mulberry. Populations of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria were variable, depending on growth of plants as monoculture or intercropped. Most of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were found in intercropping samples, while Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were present at a higher percentage in monoculture samples. The plant diversity of aboveground and microbial diversity of belowground was linked and soil pH seemed to influence the bacterial community. Finally, the specific plant species was the major factor that determined the bacterial community in the salt–alkali soils.     

Bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere of pioneer plants (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bahia xylopoda</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Viguiera linearis</Emphasis>) growing on heavy metals-contaminated soils

In this study, the bacterial communities associated with the rhizospheres of pioneer plants Bahia xylopoda and Viguiera linearis were explored. These plants grow on silver mine tailings with high concentration of heavy metals in Zacatecas, Mexico. Metagenomic DNAs from rhizosphere and bulk soil were extracted to perform a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis (DGGE) and to construct 16S rRNA gene libraries. A moderate bacterial diversity and twelve major phylogenetic groups including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Nitrospirae and Actinobacteria phyla, and divisions TM7, OP10 and OD1 were recognized in the rhizospheres. Only 25.5% from the phylotypes were common in the rhizosphere libraries and the most abundant groups were members of the phyla Acidobacteria and Betaproteobacteria (Thiobacillus spp., Nitrosomonadaceae). The most abundant groups in bulk soil library were Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, and no common phylotypes were shared with the rhizosphere libraries. Many of the clones detected were related with chemolithotrophic and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, characteristic of an environment with a high concentration of heavy metal-sulfur complexes, and lacking carbon and organic energy sources.     

Bacterial community diversity in the rhizosphere of nickel hyperaccumulator plant species from Borneo Island (Malaysia)

The Island of Borneo is a major biodiversity hotspot, and in the Malaysian state of Sabah, ultramafic soils are extensive and home to more than 31 endemic nickel hyperaccumulator plants. The aim of this study was to characterize the structure and the diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities of several of these nickel hyperaccumulator plants and factors that affect these bacterial communities in Sabah. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria. At family level, Burkholderiaceae and Xanthobacteraceae (Proteobacteria phylum) were the most abundant families in the hyperaccumulator rhizospheres. Redundancy analysis based on soil chemical analyses and relative abundances of the major bacterial phyla showed that abiotic factors of the studied sites drove the bacterial diversity. For all R. aff. bengalensis rhizosphere soil samples, irrespective of studied site, the bacterial diversity was similar. Moreover, the Saprospiraceae family showed a high representativeness in the R. aff. bengalensis rhizosphere soils and was linked with the nickel availability in soils. The ability of R. aff. bengalensis to concentrate nickel in its rhizosphere appears to be the major factor driving the rhizobacterial community diversity unlike for other hyperaccumulator species.     

Impact of soil salinity on the microbial structure of halophyte rhizosphere microbiome

The rhizosphere microbiome plays a significant role in the life of plants in promoting plant survival under adverse conditions. However, limited information is available about microbial diversity in saline environments. In the current study, we compared the composition of the rhizosphere microbiomes of the halophytes Urochloa, Kochia, Salsola, and Atriplex living in moderate and high salinity environments (Khewra salt mines; Pakistan) with that of the non-halophyte Triticum. Soil microbiomes analysis using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene indicated that Actinobacteria were dominant in saline soil samples whereas Proteobacteria predominated in non-saline soil samples. Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Thaumarchaeota were predominant phyla in saline and non-saline soils, whereas Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Gemmatimonadetes and the unclassified WPS-2 were less abundant. Sequences from Euryarchaeota, Ignavibacteriae, and Nanohaloarchaeota were identified only from the rhizosphere of halophytes. Dominant halophilic bacteria and archaea identified in this study included Agrococcus, Armatimonadetes gp4, Halalkalicoccus, Haloferula and Halobacterium. Our analysis showed that increases in soil salinity correlated with significant differences in the alpha and beta diversity of the microbial communities across saline and non-saline soil samples. Having a complete inventory of the soil bacteria from different saline environments in Pakistan will help in the discovery of potential inoculants for crops growing on salt-affected land.     

香蕉假茎生物炭对根际土壤细菌丰度和群落结构的影响

【目的】将香蕉假茎生物炭施加到土壤,探讨香蕉假茎生物炭对香蕉根际土壤微生物的影响。【方法】以香蕉假茎生物炭(BPB)0、1%、2%、3%的质量比与土壤均匀混合。盆栽培养3个月后分离香蕉根际土壤。采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对根际土壤细菌群落结构和丰度进行表征。【结果】提高BPB施用量可增加土壤有机质、有效钾、有效磷含量,提高土壤pH值,但降低有效氮浓度。在1%BPB样品中获得2278个OTUs,其显示细菌群落中的最大多样性。施加3%的BPB处理土壤,拟杆菌门、疣微菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著增加;放线菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门明显减少。主成分分析发现,1%BPB和2%BPB处理的样本之间土壤细菌群落相似。【结论】施加不同比例BPB改变了根际土壤中细菌丰度和群落结构,且高比例添加改变更加明显。     

Rhizosphere microbial community and its response to plant species and soil history

The plant rhizosphere is a dynamic environment in which many parameters may influence the population structure, diversity and activity of the microbial community. Two important factors determining the structure of microbial community present in the vicinity of plant roots are plant species and soil type. In the present study we assessed the structure of microbial communities in response to four plant species (i.e. maize (Zea mays L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and commercial grass mix) planted in soil with different land use history (i.e. arable land under crop rotation, maize monoculture and permanent grassland). Both factors, plant species and land use history, showed clear effects on microbial community and diversity as determined by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting with universal and group-specific bacterial primers. Moreover, we explored the rhizosphere effect of these plant species on the abundance of bacterial antagonists of the potato pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG3. The data showed that the abundance and taxonomic composition of antagonists differed clearly between the different plants. The highest percentages of antagonists were found in maize and grass rhizosphere. When antagonistic Pseudomonas populations were compared, the highest, abundance and diversity of antagonists were detected in barley and oat rhizospheres, as compared to maize and grass rhizosphere. The results obtained in our study demonstrate clearly that plant species and soil type are two important factors affecting the structure of total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus community.     

Identity of plant,lichen and moss species connects with microbial abundance and soil functioning in maritime Antarctica

Background and aims

Plant breeding activities shape the rhizosphere microbiome but less is known about the relationship of both with the seed microbiome. We analyzed the composition of bacterial communities of seeds and rhizospheres of Styrian oil pumpkin genotypes in comparison to bulk soil to elucidate specific microbial signatures to support a concept involving plant-microbe interactions in breeding strategies.

Methods

The seed and rhizosphere microbiomes of 14 genotypes of oilseed pumpkin and relatives were analyzed using a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach, which was assessed by bioinformatics and statistical methods.

Results

All analyzed microhabitats were characterized by diverse bacterial communities, but the relative proportions of phyla and the overall diversity was different. Seed microbiomes were characterized by the lowest diversity and dominant members of Enterobacteriaceae including potential pathogens (Erwinia, Pectobacterium). Potential plant-beneficial bacteria like Lysobacter, Paenibacillus and Lactococcus contributed to the microbial communities in significant abundances. Interestingly, strong genotype-specific microbiomes were detected for seeds but not for the rhizospheres.

Conclusions

Our study indicates a strong impact of the Cucurbita pepo genotype on the composition of the seed microbiome. This should be considered in breeding of new cultivars that are more capable of exploiting beneficial indigenous microbial communities.

     

Bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of maize and the surrounding carbonate‐rich bulk soil

Maize represents one of the main cultivar for food and energy and crop yields are influenced by soil physicochemical and climatic conditions. To study how maize plants influence soil microbes we have examined microbial communities that colonize maize plants grown in carbonate‐rich soil (pH 8.5) using culture‐independent, PCR‐based methods. We observed a low proportion of unclassified bacteria in this soil whether it was planted or unplanted. Our results indicate that a higher complexity of the bacterial community is present in bulk soil with microbes from nine phyla, while in the rhizosphere microbes from only six phyla were found. The predominant microbes in bulk soil were bacteria of the phyla Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, while Gammaproteobacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Lysobacter were the predominant in the rhizosphere. As Gammaproteobacteria respond chemotactically to exudates and are efficient in the utilization of plants exudate products, microbial communities associated to the rhizosphere seem to be plant‐driven. It should be noted that Gammaproteobacteria made available inorganic nutrients to the plants favouring plant growth and then the benefit of the interaction is common.     

两种盐生植物根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构

应用高通量测序技术对西北干旱区两种盐生植物黑果枸杞和里海盐爪爪根际土壤细菌的多样性和群落结构进行研究,旨在揭示两种耐盐植物根际土壤细菌之间以及根际与非根际细菌群落结构间的差异,为深入研究盐生植物根际土壤微生物与耐盐性之间的关系提供理论基础。结果表明:黑果枸杞、里海盐爪爪根际细菌多样性丰度高于非根际土,黑果枸杞根际土壤细菌多样性丰度高于里海盐爪爪。根际和非根际土壤细菌群落的组成和丰度存在差异,从黑果枸杞和里海盐爪爪根际土壤中分别检测出细菌21门289属和22门304属,而从非根际土壤中分别检测出28门285属和24门336属;在两种盐生植物根际土壤中,变形菌门和厚壁菌门均为优势门;拟杆菌门、放线菌门、蓝细菌门及浮霉菌门在根际土壤中的丰度显著高于非根际土壤,而厚壁菌门在根际土壤中的丰度低于非根际土壤。两种植物根际土壤中的细菌优势门和优势属的数量均高于非根际土壤,在黑果枸杞和里海盐爪爪的根际土壤中的细菌优势属分别有10个和9个,而二者非根际土壤中的细菌优势属各有4个,其中假单胞菌属是根际和非根际土壤中的共有优势属。黑果枸杞和里海盐爪爪根系细菌群落组成和丰度存在差异,只有假单胞菌属和盐单胞菌属是两种植物根际土壤中的共有优势属。Unifrac分析和聚类分析表明,两种盐生植物根际土壤细菌之间的相似性大于根际和非根际细菌群落间的相似性。细菌多样性与土壤有机碳、有机质、总氮正相关,与pH、电导率负相关,电导率和pH,有机碳和总氮分别是非根际土,根际土壤细菌群落物种组成的主要影响因素。