Effects of Support on Catalytic Behavior of Combustion Catalyst La0.8Sr0. 2CoO3／γ-Al2O3

Combustion catalyst La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 (LSC) is expected to possess relatively high activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and many hydrocarbons. If γ-Al2O3 is used as its support, cobalt ions can easily react with γ-Al2O3 at not very high temperature to form spinel CoAl2O4 or spinel-like, which decreases the activity of the combustion catalyst. In this paper, MgAl2O4 and CaAl2O4 were pre-eoated on γ-Al2O3 by impregnation respectively, which formed compound support for LSC. It is shown that, when MgAl2O4 layer is covered on the surface of MgAl2O4 by impregnation, the entering of cobalt ions into γ-Al2O3 lattice is restrained, then LSC formed on the surface of MgAl2O4, which leads to a good catalytic activity of xylene complete oxidation. But the layer of MgAl2O4 should be thick enough to reach 30% (mass fraction) MgO in the support due to large size particle of MgAl2O4 crystalline. If polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added into the impregnation solution adequately, MgAl2O4 particles formed on the surface of γ-Al2O3 are getting smaller, and less amount of MgAl2O4 is needed to cover up the surface of γ-Al2O3. If CaAl2O4 layer substituted for MgAl2O4, more closed cover is obtained in virtue of fine particles of CaAl2O4. The activity examination shows that smaller particles of MgAl2O4 or CaAl2O4 Call be more effective to hinder cobalt ions entering the lattice of γ-Al2O3, and better activities will be obtained.     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3渣系脱磷行为

利用Factsage软件计算了Al2O3含量对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3四元渣系熔点和黏度的影响,并通过实验研究了在1 400℃时,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3四元渣系对高磷铁水脱磷行为的影响.结果表明:渣中Al2O3的质量分数在3％～6％之间时,随着A12O3含量的增加,渣系的熔化温度迅速降低,进一步增加渣中的A12O3含量,渣系的熔化温度逐渐增加;Al2O3对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3渣系的黏度影响不大;渣中Al2O3的质量分数在3％～6％之间变化时,渣系脱磷能力变化不是很大,脱磷率维持在91％左右,进一步增加渣系中A12O3的量,脱磷率逐渐下降;Al2O3对脱磷率产生影响可能是其改变了炉渣中液相所占比例,进而影响磷从铁水中向液相渣的传质过程.     

Catalytic Reduction of SO2 on CeO2-La2O3 Rare Earth Mixed Compounds

Adding rare earth oxide CeO2 with variable valences to La2O3 formed a mixture of rare earth oxides. By means of dipping CeO2, La2O3 and their mixture, whose carriers were all γ-Al2O3, were used as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO. The activation process of this catalyst and the impact of temperature and reactant concentration on the activation process were investigated. Using X-ray diffraction, the structure characteristics of catalyst before and after reaction were analyzed to reveal the change of phase structure. The result shows that the rare earth oxide mixtures composing of CeO2 and La2O3, as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO, diminish activation temperature 50～100℃ less and have higher activity than a single oxide CeO2 or La2O3. The reason possibl is that La2O3 goes into in the lattice of CeO2 to form solid phase complex CeO2-La2O3 and increases the capability of CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst to store oxygen, which supplies the redox of CeO2 reaction with a better condition. At the same time, elemental sulfur formed in the redox reaction impels La203 to be transformed to activation phase La2O2S in a lower temperature, which can be explained with the synergism between redox reaction and COS intermediate mechanism reaction.     

CaO-BaCO3-CaF2-Cr2O3渣系18-8不锈钢氧化脱磷的研究

在实验室硅钼高温炉于1 550 ℃用CaO-BaCO3-CaF2-Cr2O3渣系对成分(%)为C0.5～2.5,Si＜0.1,Cr18,Ni9,P～0.05的18-8奥氏体不锈钢水进行了氧化脱磷试验.试验结果表明,当钢水中初始碳含量由0.5%增至2.5%时,脱磷率由～5%提高到30%以上,钢水的脱磷率随渣中BaCO3/CaO的增加而提高;为使钢水达到30%以上的脱磷率,脱磷剂中CaO含量最大可达35%,Al2O3含量应低于3%.     

Partial oxidation of methane on Ni/CeO2-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3 prepared using different processes

The influences of CeO2-ZrO2 and γ-Al2O3 mixing methods on the catalytic activity and stability of partial oxidation of methane (POM) were investigated over Ni/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-Al2O3 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, H2-chemsorption, and TG-DTA. For fresh catalysts, the results showed that the salt precursor mixing catalyst (ATOM) presented better performance than the catalysts prepared by the precipitator mixing method (MOL) and the powder mechanically mixing method (MECH). The result of XRD suggested that the interaction between CeO2-ZrO2 and Al2O3 in ATOM sample was stronger than the others, which led to more lattice defects and thereby better initial activity. Moreover, the MECH sample had the best stability and the least coke deposition in 24 h stability tests. The results of TPR and H2-chemsorption indicated that the intimate contact of Ni-Al in MECH sample enhanced the ability of resisting coke deposition and metal sintering.     

B2O3在CaO-BaO-SiO2-Al2O3-CaF2精炼渣中的作用

选择w（CaO）=46％,w（BaO）=10％,w（SiO2）=11．2％,w（Al2O3）=11．6％的渣作基础渣系,将B2q作助熔剂替代CaF2,发现B2q和CaF2的助熔效果相当,B2q可用作环保型助熔剂。将CaO-SiO2-BaO-Al2O3-CaF2作基础渣系,B2O3作酸性氧化物,在碱度（m（CaO＋BaO）／m（SiO2＋B2O3））为2．5和2．8时,研究B2O3替代SiO2后精炼渣的熔化性能。结果表明,B2O3替代25％的SiO2后就可大幅度降低粘度,并且发现富硼精炼渣的高温熔化性能稳定,粘度值稳定在0．3～0．5Pa·s。在碱度为2．8wt进行脱硫工艺实验,当w（SiO2）=20．6％时渣剂脱硫率为80％,当w（SiO2）=10．3％,w（B2O3）=10．3％时渣剂脱硫率为91．3％,主要原因是熔化性能良好的熔渣有助于提高传质速率。     

α-Al2O3在耐火材料中应用性能的研究

通过对添加不同微晶活性α—Al2O3所获得的耐火浇注料之烘干强度和烧结后强度的实验数据对比，可知微晶活性α—Al2O3微粉用于耐火材料的性能优于活性α—Al2O3微粉，其结论同样适用于板状刚玉的生产。     

A Study on La2O3－Y2O3－Mo Secondary Emission Material

The substrate molybdenum doped with La2O3, Y2O3 cathode material was made by the powder metallurgy method. The secondary emission coefficients of the materials were tested. The experimental results show that Mo cathodes doped with La2O3, Y2O3 have good secondary emission properties. When the cathodes are activated, the maximal secondary emission coefficients of these cathodes are higher than 2.0 and can meet the practical requirement. The distribution of the rare earth in the interior and at surface of this kind of cathode material before and after emission was studied using Scanning Electronic Microscopic (SEM) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrum(XPS). The analysis results show that the rare earth is easy to gather at grain boundaries and the relevant concentration of rare earth on the surface after emission is obviously greater than that before emission.     

添加剂对超细α-Al2O3的制备及其性能影响

采用硫酸铝和碳酸铵为原料，通过沉淀法制备前驱体碱式碳酸铝铵，采用分散剂及添加剂（MC）防止粉体颗粒的团聚，着重考查了MC在干燥、煅烧过程中的作用．研究表明，MC能有效防止前驱体在干燥过程中的团聚，促进氧化铝在煅烧过程中的相变，大幅度降低了α-Al2O3的相变温度，同时还使颗粒维持在相对“动态”的煅烧状态，减轻了颗粒形成煅烧颈及其他硬团聚的趋势，从而改善了粉体颗粒的分散性能．BET及ICP分析结果表明，MC的引入还有利于产物α-Al2O3比表面积的提高，而且对煅烧产物的杂质元素含量没有影响，产物中氧化铝的质量分数高达99．97％．     

Nb2O5-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O-CaO-SiO2体系相平衡研究

为揭示Nb2O5-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O-CaO-SiO2多元含铌炉渣体系中的铌矿物的定向结晶规律,采用高温相平衡—冷淬—SEM-EDS/XRD/EMPA试验方法,考察了温度、钙硅比（CaO/SiO2）、Nb2O5含量等因素对炉渣相平衡关系的影响,并构建了含铌矿物结晶析出的优势相图。结果表明：铌的结晶矿物主要有三种,分别为Ca2Nb2O7、Ca(14-x)Nb(2+x)Si8O(35+1.5x)和3CaO?MgO?Nb2O5;铌先富集于液相,相较于脉石组分,含铌固相为后析出相;CaO/SiO2增加会使含铌固相优势区间发生从Ca2Nb2O7相到Ca(14-x)Nb(2+x)Si8O(35+1.5x)相、再到3CaO?MgO?Nb2O5相的转变。Ca2Nb2O7相的优势析晶区间为：温度1 050~1 200 ℃,C/S=0.8~1.2。Nb2O5在Ca(14-x)Nb(2+x)Si8O(35+1.5x)相中的嵌布质量浓度在18.5%~19.5%。     

CaF2-Al2O3-CaO渣系电渣重熔过程形成的渣皮结构及成分

分析了9.5 t热作模钢H13重熔锭在380 kg 60CaF₂-30Al₂O₃-10CaO三元渣的重熔过程中渣头和渣皮的结构和成分。结果表明,电渣锭生产过程的渣皮呈现明显的分层结构,自外侧向内,依次为急冷层、氧化铝析出层和内部返熔层;渣头中CaF₂含量普遍低于初渣值,而渣皮中CaF₂含量高于初渣值;铝氧化物在渣头外缘比重最高;重熔后渣的氧含量明显高于初渣。     

Viscosity and Structure Changes of CaO-SiO2-Al2 O3-CaF2 Melts with Substituting Al2 O3 for SiO2

During the smelting process of the high Al steels,the reaction between SiO_2 in molten slag and dissolved aluminum in liquid steel always takes place.This aluminathermic reduction reaction will lead to the substitution of 1mol SiO_2 for 2/3mol Al_2O_3.Therefore,the investigations about the influence of the ratio of Al_2O_3 to SiO_2on viscosity and structure changes of mould flux during this process are very necessary.The viscosity variation of CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaFv2 melts was studied by changing compositions considering the aluminathermic reduction reaction.It was found that viscosity increased monotonously with gradually increasing the substitution extent.According to the Raman analysis,the substitution of Al_2O_3 for SiO_2 leads to the decrease of non-bridging oxygen but the increase of bridging oxygen.Therefore,degree of polymerization and viscosity increase as the substitution extent increases.By comparing the measured viscosities with the model calculated values,it was found that both the recently developed Zhang′s model and Roboud model could describe the viscosity variation behavior of CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaF_2 melts very well.     

CuO/La2O3-Al2O3催化剂中CuO物种的迁移和高温固相反应

采用XRD、激光Raman光谱和TPR技术研究了CuO／La2O3-Al2O3催化剂中CuO高温迁移及固相反应。结果表明，800℃焙烧的CuO（20％）／La203（x％）-Al2O3催化剂，低La2O3负载量（5％和10％）时，La2O3（x％）-Al2O3载体表面即存在CuO和少量CuAl2O4；当La2O3负载量增大（≥20％）时，由于La2O3的阻止作用，使得CuO无法迁移到La2O3内层和Al2O3反应生成CuAl2O4，从而使CuO稳定存在于催化剂表层。高温焙烧（≥900℃），La2O3的隔离作用下降，从而导致生成CuAl2O4。     

MnO-FeO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系作用浓度的计算模型

根据炉渣结构共存理论和相关相图,建立了MnO-FeO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系作用浓度的计算模型,考察了炉渣温度、FeO含量对锰在渣-钢间分配比(LMn)的影响.研究结果表明,模型计算的作用浓度值NMno、钢液中锰含量和LMn与文献中的实测值相吻合;LMn随着温度的升高而降低,随着渣系中FeO含量的增加而增加.因此,本...     

REO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3基熔渣盐酸浸出稀土的研究

以钕铁硼废料回收的REO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-FeO-B_2O_3多组元熔渣为原料,考察了盐酸用量、温度和时间在盐酸低温常压和高温高压两种情况下对稀土浸出率的影响。熔渣低温常压浸出较佳条件为:盐酸理论用量1.45倍、时间60min、温度85℃,稀土的浸出率为96%。熔渣高温高压浸出较佳的条件为:盐酸理论用量1.05倍、温度110~120℃、时间30min,稀土的浸出率高达98%。高温高压浸出不但能够降低盐酸用量,还可以大大缩短浸出时间。     

Phosphorus Capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FexO Slag

The CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FexO slag occurs in the production process of Corex ironmaking technology.Most of its metallurgical properties,especially the phosphorus property,are different from the slag produced from blast furnace or converter.In order to explore the dephosphorization ability of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FexO slag,its phosphorus capacity was measured at 1 673 Kby gas-slag-metal equilibrium technique.An iron crucible was used as the reaction vessel,Ag alloy with 0.2% P was used as the metal phase which equilibrated with CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FexO slag,and a constant flow of CO-CO2-N2 gas was used to provide oxygen partial pressure in the experiment.The effects of MgO,FexO and basicity on slag phosphorus capacity were investigated by single factor test.The results show that the phosphorus capacity rises firstly and then decreases with increasing MgO content under the condition of basicity 1.3,FexO content of 2% and Al2O3 content of 12%.The phosphorus value reaches maximum as the MgO content is 8%.When the basicity of slag is 1.1,MgO content is 10%,and Al2O3 is 12%,the phosphorus capacity increases with the increase of FexO content.The phosphorus capacity rises linearly when the basicity is increased from 1.1to 1.5.     

La2O3-Mo阴极材料中La2O3稳定性研究

本文采用高温光电子能谱方法对La2O3-Mo阴极及碳化La2O3-Mo阴极材料表面La2O3的化学稳定性进行了研究.实验结果表明,La2O6并不具备文献报道的极好的化学稳定性.材料中的La2O3在高温、真空条件下,其部分晶格氧发生分离.La2O3可以被Mo2C还原成单质La.单质La的结合能高于La2O3的结合能.实验证实单质La3d5/2的结合能为835.96eV,并首次给出La3d3/2的结合能实验数值为852.23eV.     

CaO-FeO-SiO2渣系的作用浓度计算模型

根据炉渣结构的共存理论、CaO-SiO₂、CaO-FeO-SiO₂相图及有关的热力学数据,推导了1600℃下CaO-FeO-SiO₂渣系作用浓度的计算模型。用此模型计算得的等N_FeO曲线族与实测等α_FeO线甚为符合。等N_FeO线的顶点位于碱度B=1.703～1.778之间,因此,脱碳和沉淀脱氧时,应当尽可能保持此碱度,而扩散脱氧时则应避开此碱度。硅酸盐的等作用浓度曲线族与相应炉渣区间的等温线相似的事实说明硅酸盐是影响本渣系熔点的重要因素。