Physiology and Microbiological Quality of Fresh-cut Mango Cubes as Affected by High-O2 Controlled Atmospheres

Preliminary study showed that among 40‐ to 100‐kPa O₂ atmospheres, 60‐kPa O₂ reduced the respiration of fresh‐cut ‘Carabao’ mango cubes the most when held at 5 °C or 13 °C for 42 h. Therefore, the effects of 60‐kPa O₂ on the physiology and microbial quality of fresh‐cut ‘Carabao’ and ‘Nam Dokmai’ mango cubes were determined and compared with those held in air. The high‐O₂ atmosphere reduced the respiration rate of ‘Carabao’ mango cubes stored at 5 °C but stimulated the rate after 2 d of storage at 13 °C. Browning of ‘Carabao’ cubes was accelerated by 60‐kPa O₂ at 13 °C. With ‘Nam Dokmai’ cubes, the high O₂ had no effect on respiration rate, browning, and incidence of water‐soaked appearance at 5 °C and 13 °C. The high O₂ did not affect texture or ascorbic acid content of ‘Carabao’ and ‘Nam Dokmai’ mango cubes at either temperature. Counts of lactic acid bacteria and molds were below the detection level (2.4 log colony‐forming units [CFU]/g) during storage at both temperatures. However, 60‐kPa O₂ stimulated the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria on ‘Carabao’ cubes and yeasts of ‘Nam Dokmai’ cubes at 13 °C. The increased microbial count may have been due to the higher pH of cubes stored in 60‐kPa O₂ at 13 °C than at 5 °C or in air. Within ‘Nam Dokmai’ mango cubes, the predominant genera in mesophilic aerobic bacteria were Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pantoea and in the yeasts were Candida, Cryptococcus, and Rhodotorula. These results indicate that 60‐kPa O₂ is not desirable for mango cubes when held at 13 °C.     

Low O2 Atmospheres Affect Storage Quality of Zucchini Squash Slices Treated with Calcium

Calcium chloride treated or nontreated zucchini squash slices were stored in air or low O₂ (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) at 10°C. Respiration rate, ethylene production, and development of browning/decay were reduced under low O₂. Slices stored under 0.25% O₂ had less weight loss and browning/decay, and greater shear force and L-ascorbic acid content than those stored in air. Microbial count, pH, and color at the end of storage were improved by low O₂. Calcium treatment had no additive effect on maintaining quality of zucchini squash slices stored in 0.25% O₂ atmosphere.     

Fruit Quality, Antioxidant Contents and Activity, and Antiproliferative Activity of Strawberry Fruit Stored in Elevated CO2 Atmospheres

ABSTRACT:  The effects of CO₂ in the storage atmosphere on color, firmness, ascorbic acid (AA), anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolics, total antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of strawberry fruit have been investigated. "Northeaster" and "Earliglow" strawberries were stored in air or in 20% CO₂ (in air) at 3 °C for 20 d. Color changes in Northeaster were delayed more by CO₂ treatment than in Earliglow. Firmness of CO₂-stored fruit increased slightly compared with those stored in air. The increases in total and reduced AA concentrations during air storage were usually prevented by CO₂ storage in both cultivars. Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) concentrations increased during CO₂ storage. Anthocyanins and flavonoids, and total antioxidant activity of both cultivars were higher in air-stored fruit than in CO₂-stored fruit. The total phenolic concentration was lower in CO₂-stored Earliglow fruit than in air, but storage treatment did not affect that of Northeaster. A 40 mg/mL concentration of Northeaster strawberry extract inhibited about 80% of HepG₂ human liver cancer cell proliferation. CO₂ treatment did not affect the antiproliferative activity of strawberry fruits, but antiproliferative activity was greater at harvest than after storage.     

Rapid CO2 Evolution Method for Determining Shelf Life of Refrigerated Catfish

The feasibility of a CO₂ evolution method using an IR analyzer to evaluate the shelf life of refrigerated (4deg;C) catfish was investigated. Aerobic plate count (APC), and isoelectric focusing (IEF) of samples were compared with the CO₂ evolution rate (CER) determinations. The increase in CER (25.78 to 195.63 Lg^?1h^?1) for farm raised catfish stored from 0 to 10 days correlated highly with APCs (4.32 to 10.24 log CFU g^?1). The IEF data also confirmed the APC and CER results. Catfish spoilage was evident after 6 days at 4°C. Direct measurement of CER is a rapid and effective method to determine the microbial quality of catfish.     

荔枝气调贮藏时间对货架期品质变化的影响

为掌握荔枝气调贮藏时间对贮藏品质和货架期品质的影响规律,本试验以“淮枝”荔枝为试验材料,采用液氮充注气调保鲜试验平台进行试验,研究了气调贮藏中荔枝贮藏品质的变化,以及不同气调贮藏时间的荔枝分别在低温和常温条件下货架期品质的变化。结果表明：气调贮藏过程中,可滴定酸（TA）含量、色差L＊、a＊值下降速度和质量损失率、褐变指数上升速度在气调贮藏前7d较快,而好果率、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、色差b＊值在气调贮藏14d后下降速度较快。随着气调贮藏时间的延长,常温条件和低温条件下对应荔枝货架期品质逐渐下降,但是对比常温和低温条件下荔枝品质变化发现,低温条件下荔枝货架期品质下降速度低于常温条件,低温条件对质量损失率、好果率以及色差a‘值的影响显著,对褐变指数、TSS含量、TA含量的影响不显著。该研究为研究荔枝的气调贮藏和销售保鲜提供参考。     

低温等离子体处理的鲜切猕猴桃片货架期预测模型

研究贮藏温度对低温等离子体处理的鲜切猕猴桃片品质和菌落总数的影响,建立品质指标和菌落总数货架期预测模型.将经低温等离子体处理的鲜切猕猴桃片分别在0,5,10,15,20,25℃贮藏,定期测定VC含量、叶绿素含量、总酚含量、菌落总数、脆性、色差及固酸比,探讨温度对其的影响,确定各监测指标的拟合方程.结合Arrhenius...     

Postharvest CO2 and Ethylene Production and Quality Maintenance of Fresh-Cut Kiwifruit Slices

The quality attributes and gas production of fresh-cut kiwifruit slices (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) were studied to identify the optimum ranges of storage temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric composition. Also the effects of wounding, C₂H₄ addition or removal, and chemical treatments (calcium, ascorbic acid, citric acid) on deterioration rate were investigated. Flesh softening was the major quality loss of stored fresh-cut kiwifruit slices. Fresh-cut kiwifruit slices had a shelf-life of 9–12 days if treated with 1% CaCl₂ or 2% Ca lactate, and stored atO-2°C and >90% relative humidity in an C₂H₄-free atmosphere of 2 to 4 kPa O₂ and/or 5to10kPaCO₂.     

光照处理对鲜切薄皮甜瓜货架期品质的影响

评价光照处理对鲜切薄皮甜瓜货架期品质的影响。研究以绿宝甜瓜为原料,将鲜切薄皮甜瓜在5 ℃冷藏柜中光照处理5天,将白色光照处理设定为对照组,比较红色、蓝色、绿色光照处理和避光处理对鲜切甜瓜失重率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、丙二醛含量、果肉硬度、褐变度、颜色和风味的影响。结果显示,蓝色光照处理的光源光谱位于442 nm的主波长轨迹上,光源纯度接近100%,强度为(128±17.10) Lux。与对照组样品相比,蓝光光照处理降低鲜切甜瓜褐变程度10.70%,降低产品的失重率3.76%,减少果肉细胞的破裂,提高产品硬度60.60%;并且蓝光光照处理延缓鲜切甜瓜风味劣变。因此,在销售陈列过程中利用蓝光光照处理不仅维持鲜切甜瓜原有质地、颜色等外观特征,还减缓风味的劣变现象,所以蓝光光照处理有利于延长鲜切薄皮甜瓜的货架期。     

Effects of Short-term Exposure to Low O2 and High CO2 Atmospheres on Quality Attributes of Strawberries

Strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Duch., cv. ‘Selva') were stored 10 days in 1.0%, 0.5%, or 0.25% 0₂ or air + 20% CO₂; or 6 days in air + 50% or 80% CO₂ at 0 or 5°C without detrimental effects on quality. Decay and softening were reduced by treatments. An untrained taste panel, under ordinary eating conditions, did not consistently differentiate ‘Pajaro’ strawberries kept in 0.25% 0₂ from those stored in air. A trained taste panel, under controlled conditions, perceived slight off-flavor in ‘G3’ strawberries kept in 0.25% or 0% 0₂. This correlated with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetaldehyde in juice. The 50% or 80% CO₂ treatments caused injury after 8 to 10 days, while 20% CO₂ treatments did not. All high CO₂ treatments caused increase in pH of juice.     

Static, Controlled (CO2) Atmosphere Packaging of Retail Ready Pork

Wrapped boneless pork loin roasts and slices were stored at 4°in bulk under constant CO₂ concentrations of 50% and 100% for 1 and 2 wks. Samples stored under 50% CO₂ for 2 wks could subsequently be displayed (aerobic) for 3 days without becoming unacceptable or for 6 days if previously held under 100% CO₂ for 14 days. Aerobic shelf-life at 4°of the latter samples equalled that of fresh pork chops under simulated retail display. Physicochemical characteristics during storage did not limit acceptability. Reusable master packs have application for distribution of retail ready cuts under controlled atmosphere packaging.     

1-MCP结合二氧化氯处理对青椒货架期品质的影响

为研究青椒货架期品质保鲜新技术,延长货架期,于室温(25±1)℃贮藏条件下,分别用1-MCP(1 mg/L)、1-MCP(1 mg/L)和ClO₂(30 mg/L)联用对青椒进行熏蒸处理,定期测定相关的指标,包括腐烂率、转红率、硬度、失重率、V_C含量、叶绿素含量、还原糖含量等。结果发现:1-MCP单独处理以及1-MCP结合ClO₂处理在青椒贮藏保鲜过程中均起到良好的效果,但1-MCP结合ClO₂处理比1-MCP单独处理更能有效保持青椒贮藏过程中的品质,抑制青椒的腐烂、失重和转红,延缓叶绿素的降解速率。货架期结束时,对照组中腐烂率是1-MCP+ClO₂处理组(3.33%)的5倍;V_C含量、还原糖和叶绿素含量分别高于对照27.40%、44.31%、20%。在整个贮藏期间,1-MCP结合ClO₂处理的果实硬度仅下降了6.70%。结果表明,1-MCP结合ClO₂处理可以有效延缓青椒的采后生理变化,保持青椒的品质。     

Shelf Life of Mature Green Tomatoes Stored in Controlled Atmosphere and High Humidity

Freshly harvested mature green tomatoes were washed, sorted and treated with 125 ppm chlorine water. The treated tomatoes were stored at 85% or 98% RH under controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for periods up to 8 wk. The controlled atmosphere was 2.5% O₂, 5.0% CO₂, and N₂ as the balance gas at 12°C. After storing 40 days, the tomatoes were allowed to ripen in air at 23°C. Samples of tomatoes were tested every 3 days to examine changes in quality as determined by visual observation, weight loss, titratable acidity, pH, color and firmness. Weight loss was reduced significantly by CA storage of tomatoes at 98% RH. Tomatoes remained green up to 40 days of storage and changed in color gradually during consecutive storage in atmospheric conditions. Appearance of the tomatoes was acceptable after ripening.     

改进型城口腊肉贮藏过程中的品质变化及货架期预测

以改进型城口腊肉为研究对象,研究在不同贮藏温度条件下其感官品质、菌落总数、酸价(acid value,AV)、过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)和硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS)值的变化及其相关性,以探讨改进型城口腊肉在贮藏过程中的品质变化并预测其货架期。结果表明:不同贮藏温度下腊肉的感官品质随贮藏时间的延长而逐渐降低;菌落总数、AV、POV及TBARS值均随着时间的延长而逐渐上升,且上升速率为35℃30℃25℃;通过分析不同贮藏温度下腊肉的感官评分及各理化指标之间的Pearson相关系数选出POV为货架期预测模型的关键因子;通过POV的动力学方程计算出腊肉在12、25、37℃条件下的理论货架期分别为459、93、24 d,且货架期理论值与实测值能较好符合。     

Modeling of O2and CO2 Exchange Dynamics in Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Burlat Cherries

ABSTRACT: A simple mathematical model has been applied to estimate the optimal conditions for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of Burlat cherries. The model describes gas exchange in flexible packages, taking into account the respiration rate of the fruit and the transmission rate of gases through the film. The model predicts the evolution of the gas composition inside the package at different conditions. To verify experimentally the model estimations, Burlat cherries were packaged in air and in 3 mixtures of gases at 2 temperatures using 3 different films. Experimental results agree satisfactorily with the predicted values if the O₂ concentration is higher than 2 %.     

Quality Changes of Highbush Blueberries Fruit Stored in CA with Different CO2 Levels

ABSTRACT:  Quality changes of blueberries ( Vacccinium corymbosum L. cv Brigitta) were evaluated during CA storage (0 °C) with different concentrations of CO₂ (5%, 10%, and 15%) combined with 5% O₂, respectively. Atmospheric air (20.9% O₂+ 0.03% CO₂) was used as control. From samples taken at 0, 24, and 48 d of storage, unmarketable fruits and weight loss were recorded as well as color ( h ), firmness ( g ), soluble solid content (%), titratable acidity (% citric acid), ratio, and the monomeric anthocyanin content (ppm). At each sampling time, additional units were kept for 3 d at 10 °C to simulate retail holding conditions. Irrespective of gas concentration, 0.9% of the initial fresh weight was lost after 48 d at 0 °C. CA fruit had better quality than control at the 24 d sampling but due to the high number of unmarketable fruits, this advantage was not observed at 48 d at 0 °C. After 24 d of storage, fruits for CA treatments were more firm and had better color, with higher anthocyanin and acidity levels. Soluble solid content showed no significant differences throughout the cold storage period. Residual effect of CA storage was observed at the retail holding condition yielding better firmness, acidity, and ratio. However, the CO₂ level tested increased the number of unmarketable fruit in long-term storage (48 d). Response of "Brigitta" blueberries to the different CO₂ levels studied was moderate and could be related to the high storage potential of this cultivar.     

不同贮藏温度酱鸭品质变化及其货架期预测

以真空包装酱鸭为研究对象,分析3 个贮藏温度水平（4、25、37 ℃）下的酱鸭贮藏品质变化,构建酱鸭货架期预测模型。在贮藏期内,各贮藏温度下的酱鸭菌落总数、大肠菌群总数、霉菌总数、酸价、过氧化值和硫代巴比妥酸反应产物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARS）值呈上升趋势,而感官评分呈下降趋势;Pearson相关性分析表明酱鸭各品质指标中霉菌总数和TBARS值与感官评分相关性最高,其变化符合零级动力学模型。结合Arrhenius方程建立酱鸭货架期预测模型,霉菌总数和TBARS值预测模型中活化能Ea分别为16.24 kJ/mol和26.33 kJ/mol,指前因子k0分别为179 871.86和1 347.49。用酱鸭贮藏在4、25、37 ℃温度条件下所得货架期实测值来验证货架期预测模型,实验结果表明理论货架期与实际货架期较为相符,可根据霉菌总数和TBARS值对酱鸭货架期进行预测。     

蓝莓贮后货架期间生理品质与挥发性物质的变化

为了探讨自发气调结合冰温贮藏蓝莓果实的贮后货架效果,研究不同处理的两个品种蓝莓（伯克利（Berkeley）和北陆（Northland））冰温贮藏40 d后10 ℃货架期间果实品质、生理指标以及挥发性物质的变化规律。结果表明,两个品种果实贮后货架期间具有相似的变化规律：自发气调结合冰温处理能够有效延缓果实硬度和VC含量的下降,抑制丙二醛含量的增加,并维持了较高的谷胱甘肽含量、过氧化物酶和超氧化歧化酶活性,有效控制了果实质量的损失与腐烂,延长了果实贮后货架寿命。蓝莓果实在贮后货架期间醇类和酯类化合物相对含量呈上升趋势,萜类相对含量呈下降趋势,相同货架期的自发气调结合冰温处理果实醇类和酯类化合物相对含量则高于冰温处理,而萜类化合物相对含量低于冰温处理。     

不同温度条件下养殖大菱鲆菌群变化和货架期预测

对低温(0~10℃)、室温(25℃)和变温贮藏条件下养殖大菱鲆的细菌种群变化进行研究,确定不同温度条件下养殖大菱鲆的优势腐败菌和货架期,并采用Exponential、School-field和Square-root方程构建货架期预测模型,并对货架期预测模型的适用性进行评价和验证。结果显示,低温贮藏大菱鲆货架期为6.1~32.6 d,优势腐败菌为腐败希瓦氏菌(40.3%)和假单胞菌属(27.4%),室温时货架期为1.3 d,优势腐败菌为气单胞菌(47.1%)和腐败希瓦氏菌(29.4%);构建的Exponential、School-field和Square-root货架期模型参数分别为温度特征系数a=0.12,T_(min)=-6.6℃,表观活化能(E_a)为81.4 k J/mol,采用均方根误差、残差平方和、偏差度、准确度对模型的拟合优度进行比较,Square-root模型预测性能最优,用恒温和变温对3种货架期预测模型进行验证,显示Square-root货架期模型误差最小,可有效预测恒温和变温条件下大菱鲆的货架期。     

Modeling Microbial Spoilage and Quality of Gilthead Seabream Fillets: Combined Effect of Osmotic Pretreatment,Modified Atmosphere Packaging,and Nisin on Shelf Life

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was the kinetic modeling of the effect of storage temperature on the quality and shelf life of chilled fish, modified atmosphere-packed (MAP), and osmotically pretreated with the addition of nisin as antimicrobial agent. Fresh gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fillets were osmotically treated with 50% high dextrose equivalent maltodextrin (DE 47) plus 5% NaCl. Water loss, solid gain, salt content, and water activity were monitored throughout treatment and treatment conditions were selected for the shelf life study. Untreated and osmotically pretreated slices with and without nisin (2 × 10⁴ IU/100 g osmotic solution), packed in air or modified atmosphere (50% CO₂–50% air), and stored at controlled isothermal conditions (0, 5, 10, and 15 °C) were studied. Quality assessment and modeling were based on growth of several microbial indices, total volatile nitrogen, trimethylamine nitrogen, lipid oxidation (TBARS), and sensory scoring. Temperature dependence of quality loss rates was modeled by the Arrhenius equation, validated under dynamic conditions. Pretreated samples showed improved quality stability during subsequent refrigerated storage, in terms of microbial growth, chemical changes, and organoleptic degradation. Osmotic pretreatment with the addition of nisin in combination with MAP was the most effective treatment resulting in significant shelf life extension of gilthead seabream fillets (48 days compared to 10 days for the control at 0 °C).