滕县煤田石炭二叠纪煤系锗镓分布特征

在滕县煤田含煤性最好的蒋庄、柴里井田,煤中锗、镓较富集且分布成片。在含煤地层剖面中,镓的富集点多分布在顶部煤层;而锗却在底部煤层,尤其在不可采的薄煤层中含量更高,而且近煤层顶、底板含量高于中部,锗的有机亲和指数大,在镜质组和光亮煤中富集;在太原组煤层中与灰分产率及SiO_2密切相关。而镓除和灰分产率、SiO_2相关外,还与Al_2O_3全硫相关。     

煤中镓的地球化学研究进展

镓是煤中可利用的伴生元素之一。通过研究我国煤田中镓的分布特点,将其在煤层中的富集情况划分为区域富集和全段富集,并从煤岩类型、矿物组成、元素对比等方面分析得出镓在顶底板附近煤层富集时,与煤灰产率、灰中w(Al2O3)等多为正相关关系;当镓富集于其他位置时,该相关性不明显。对相应赋存状态和富集机理的对比分析表明,无机矿物和有机物质对镓在煤中富集有不同的作用意义,在以无机成矿作用为主的背景下,强调有机质在镓的富集初期具有重要作用。煤中镓的物质来源主要为陆源碎屑,后期地下水等作用对其有补充作用。     

中国煤中镓的地球化学特征研究

<正>煤中稀有金属元素的研究,是当今煤地质学研究的重要内容之一。在前人研究的基础上,结合全国煤炭资源潜力评价的最新研究成果,系统综述了我国煤中镓的丰度、分布、赋存状态及其富集成因。研究发现:我国煤中镓的储量加权均值为6.62μg/g,略高于美国和世界煤中镓的平均含量。不同煤田中镓的分布差异较大,总体分为煤层顶底富集分布和煤层全层富集分布;就成煤时代而言,煤中镓含量随成煤时代的由老变新有降低趋势,石炭-二叠纪煤中镓含量最高,晚侏罗-早白垩世最低,煤中镓含量随煤级升高而     

川南煤田古叙矿区石屏一矿煤中锗、镓元素分布特征及其影响因素

石屏一矿作为川南煤田古叙矿区内重要的生产矿井,其煤炭资源丰富并蕴含锗、镓等稀散金属。为探究煤中锗、镓的分布、赋存情况及其影响因素,通过收集川南煤田石屏一矿的地质勘查资料,综合整理分析煤中锗、镓的测试成果并总结其分布规律,建立锗、镓与灰分、挥发分和全硫的相关性研究,从而达到研究目的。结果表明：平面上,锗含量基本稳定,平均为3.4 ug·g^-1,处于正常水平;垂向上,随着煤层埋深的增加,锗含量呈升高趋势,其中C25煤层中锗含量较高,平均为6.4 ug·g^-1,为轻度富集;平面上,镓含量为5～50 ug·g^-1,平均值为22.2ug·g^-1,在矿区北部和中部已达最低工业品位;垂向上,各煤层中镓均达到轻度富集,其中C13煤层中镓含量最高,平均为30.5 ug·g^-1;煤中镓主要受到灰分的影响,且镓主要表现为无机亲和性,其可能以粘土矿物为载体;而锗具有机亲和性,其可能与酚羟基结合而赋存于有机质中,且一小部分锗还可能赋存在硫铁矿硫、硫酸盐硫或有机硫中。安静、低能的海相沉积环境(泻湖)中形成...     

新疆准东煤田中侏罗统煤系镓元素的分布特征及赋存机理探讨

随着大型煤系稀有金属矿产的发现,煤中伴生微量元素的研究受到广泛关注,但目前对我国西北地区的煤系地层中稀有元素的研究程度较低。选取新疆东北部的准东煤田为研究区,基于煤样的煤质分析和微量元素数据,研究了煤中镓的分布规律、赋存特征及富集成因。研究表明：(1)准东煤田的中侏罗统煤层中镓明显富集。12个矿区煤中镓平均含量在20.78~47.98 μg/g,大多高于或接近煤中镓的边界品位(30 μg/g)。(2)煤田中镓的分布规律性明显。平面上,盆地周围煤中Ga含量较中部矿区高,特别是东北部和西南部由于分别受克拉美丽山和博格达山物源区的影响,煤中Ga含量异常高,部分区域超过了60 μg/g,而中部矿区(ZD10740、ZD10464、ZD10407和ZD10841)的煤中Ga含量表现为从矿区边缘向中心逐渐富集;垂向上,大部分矿区煤中Ga含量从中侏罗统底部向上降低,而受到早燕山运动影响,靠近博格达山的矿区(ZD10740)表现相反。(3)煤中Ga主要以高岭石为载体,部分Ga也存在煤的有机质组分中。镓主要以细粒物质(胶体或有机络合物形式)搬运到沉积盆地,在潮湿覆水沉积条件下发生聚积。     

山西平朔矿区4号煤中锂、镓资源成矿地质特征研究

平朔矿区位于山西省朔州市宁武煤田北端,太原组为主要含煤地层,主要可采煤层为4,9,11号煤层,全区稳定发育。通过对剖面和钻孔采样测试,发现区内4号煤锂的平均含量远远大于中国煤中锂含量的均值,同时,镓的整体含量也比较高,达到工业品位,超常富集状态明显。4号煤中锂、镓富集可能是与矿区位于不畅通的海湾地带,海水作用较小有关,同时物源供给丰富,后期适宜的古气候条件,风化、剥蚀、搬运、溶蚀、淋滤等作用使黏土中钙、硫等流失,铝、硅、锂、镓等富集。     

内蒙古胜利煤田0-1孔煤中微量元素地球化学特征

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱和煤质分析等技术方法,对内蒙古胜利煤田0-1号钻孔揭露的早白垩世1、2和4号煤层(共20个煤分层,1个夹矸)进行了研究。结果显示,1、2号煤层的挥发分产率大于44%,透光率小于50%,煤类为褐煤;4号煤层挥发分产率42%,透光率53%,煤类为次烟煤(长焰煤);1、2号煤层灰分和硫含量较高,4号煤层灰分和硫含量较低。与世界煤微量元素含量平均值相比,1、2和4号煤层中Sb富集,V、Zr、Nb、Hf、W等元素轻微富集,其它微量元素的含量接近或低于世界煤含量的平均值。1、2和4号煤层中稀土元素和钇(REY)含量较低,根据上地壳标准值(La/Lu)N比值,所有煤分层均显示重稀土富集类型特征,而煤中泥岩夹矸则显示轻稀土富集类型特征。     

岩浆侵入煤层中锑的赋存特征——以淮北卧龙湖矿为例

为探讨岩浆蚀变作用对煤层中锑赋存特征的影响,系统采集安徽淮北煤田卧龙湖煤矿岩浆侵入煤层侵入岩和全煤层样品共12个,利用原子荧光光谱法（AFS）测定样品中Sb含量,并对煤质参数进行分析。结果表明:卧龙湖煤矿岩浆侵入区煤表现为超低挥发分,中等灰分,特低硫的特点,煤中的硫主要以有机硫和黄铁矿硫存在。受岩浆热液影响,煤中灰分增加,挥发分减少;岩浆蚀变煤层中锑明显富集,算术平均值达到10.48 mg/kg,且侵入岩上方煤中Sb的平均含量明显增高,煤岩接触带位置Sb的含量达到最高值（13.93 mg/kg）;岩浆蚀变煤中的锑主要以无机结合态形式存在（相关系数r为0.74）,有机硫与煤中Sb呈显著负相关（相关系数r为-0.60）。岩浆侵入作用导致卧龙湖煤矿煤的煤质特征及煤层中锑的赋存方式受到不同程度的影响,研究结果可为特殊地质作用下煤中锑的环境地球化学特征提供参考。      

淮北卧龙湖煤矿岩-煤蚀变带矿物变化特征

为探讨岩-煤蚀变过程中矿物变化特征,通过工业分析、LTA-XRD等技术手段测试了淮北卧龙湖煤矿8煤层岩浆侵入体、岩-煤蚀变带及蚀变煤中灰分、挥发分、水分、各形态硫及矿物质含量。结果表明,岩浆侵入导致煤中灰分升高,黄铁矿硫增加,有机硫减少;研究区煤中主要矿物成分为石英(8.3%)、黄铁矿(0.1%)、伊利石(60.9%)、高岭石(20.2%)、方解石(3.6%)、菱铁矿(0.2%)和铁白云石(6.9%);石英、铁白云石及黄铁矿含量由侵入体→蚀变煤→未蚀变煤逐渐降低;蚀变煤中黄铁矿、石英及碳酸盐矿物主要来源于岩浆热液。岩浆热液对煤层的蚀变,导致煤质及煤中矿物种类、含量及赋存状态发生了显著变化,部分矿物在热液作用下蚀变形成新矿物。     

准格尔煤田黑岱沟露天矿煤中稀土及微量元素的分配规律

对准格尔煤田黑岱沟露天矿煤的主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素含量和矿物组成进行了研究。结果表明,黑岱沟露天矿煤中稀土元素平均含量为248.12×10-6,约为中国煤平均值的2.83倍。LREE平均含量为236.66×10-6,HREE平均含量为11.46×10-6,LREE/HREE平均值为20.81,(La/Yb)N平均值为1.59,表明煤中LREE相对HREE富集。煤中部分稀土元素可能富集在勃姆石和黏土矿物中。稀土元素分配曲线δCeS变化区间(0.89～2.21)和δEuS中度亏损(0.46～0.86),验证了沉积环境在煤层形成演化过程中对煤中稀土元素输入的稳定性。黑岱沟煤层中微量元素明显偏高的有Ga、Pb、Se、Sr、Th 和Zr,这些元素的含量高于中国、中国华北晚古生代和美国煤的算术均值,也高于地壳克拉克值。     

首批煤炭国家规划矿区煤中镓的成矿前景

基于煤炭资源勘探中获得的5079件煤样实测数据,对全国首批煤炭国家规划矿区煤中Ga进行了资源调查,建立了煤中Ga成矿前景评价方法,固定了煤中Ga的地球化学异常,预测了煤中Ga的资源状况及其分布规律,初步讨论了煤中Ga“矿床”的规模和成矿前景。结果显示,评价区煤中Ga尽管总体上没有达到边界工业品位,但某些勘查区某些层煤中存在Ga的地球化学异常,某些煤层通过初步“选矿”或提取可使Ga得到相当程度的富集,表明区内煤中Ga有一定的成矿前景。     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

济宁煤田煤中氯的分布、赋存及富集因素研究

氯是煤中普遍存在的一种元素, 氯的含量与分布影响着煤的加工与利用.通过对济宁煤田各主要可采煤层中氯含量的分析可知, 研究区属低氯煤层, 氯含量的高低及分布与煤层空间位置、成煤植物、沉积环境和地下水活动等因素有着重要的关系.同时, 对氯在煤中的赋存状态进行了研究, 通过氯与有机显微组分、灰产率等指标的相关性计算, 得出研究区煤中的氯与有机显微组分成正比, 与灰产率成反比, 说明氯主要存在于煤的有机质中, 并且主要是存在于镜质组分的微孔隙中.      

贵州六枝、水城煤田晚二叠世煤的微量元素特征

通过对六枝和水城煤田 10个煤矿主要可采煤层的 45个煤样品的常量和微量元素系统研究 ,概括了这两个煤田煤中常量和微量元素的丰度和分布特征 ;阐述了煤中微量元素的亲合性。这两个煤田煤中的全硫含量在受海水影响的煤层中较高 (最高达 7.5 % ) ,而在非海水影响的煤层中较低 ( 0 .3% )。六枝煤田的全硫含量明显高于水城煤田。Ca-Mn-Ge的平均含量在六枝煤田较低 ,而在水城煤田相对较高。在这两个煤田和不同的煤层之间 ,煤中微量元素含量的变化较小。与世界烟煤中一般含量范围相比 ,这两个煤田的特征是 Mn,V,Cu,L i,Zr,Nb,Ta,Hf,T1,Th和 U的含量相对高。     

Petrographic,chemical and trace-elemental composition of the coal of Sohagpur coalfield,Madhya Pradesh,India

The Sohagpur coalfield is a remnant of the Son valley basin of Gondwana deposition and can be subdivided into three major subbasins from west to east: Rungta-Amlai, Kotma and Bijuri. Thick coal seams occur in the Barakar Formation (Lower Permian) and are being worked extensively.Petrographic, reflectance, chemical and trace-elemental studies on samples of coal representative of the coal seams of the different subbasins have been carried out, and the results are presented here. Petrographically, the coals of one subbasin are different from those of another subbasin and are mainly composed of vitrinertite I, and vitrinertite V, that alternates with fusite. Vitrite increases in proportion in the coal seams towards the eastern part of the coalfield, and sclerotinite occurs in increased proportion in coal seams towards the western part. The reflectance in oil (Ro_max) varies from 0.50 to 0.58% in the coals of Rungta-Amlai, 0.46–0.56% in Kotma, and 0.53–1.05% in Bijuri subbasins. Chemically, the coals belong to type High Volatile Symbol B 4 of Class Bituminous. The significant trace elements are V (20–400 ppm); Cu, Ni, Co (up to 300 ppm); Mn, Ba, Sr, Zr (up to 800 ppm); and La (up to 1200 ppm). The trace elements show a tendency to increase in proportion towards the eastern part of the coalfield.To the immediate east of the coalfield lies the Chirimiri coalfield, of which the compositional characteristics are also presented. These data clearly suggest that the coals of the Son valley are different from those of the other Gondwana basins, i.e., Mahanadi, Godavari, and Damodar valley basins.     

Selenium in Chinese coals: distribution,occurrence, and health impact

Selenium (Se) is one of the volatile elements in coal. During mining and utilization of coal, Se is largely released into the environment, which influences environmental quality, and consequently impacts on human health. This paper is a review of current knowledge on the distribution, occurrence and environmental impact of Se in Chinese coals. This study includes the following aspects: distribution and abundance of Se in coals of different provinces of China, different coal-forming periods, modes of occurrence of Se in coals, formation mechanism of Se in coals, migration processes and transformation of Se during coal combustion and leaching and their environmental effects. The available data show that Se content in Chinese coals is highly variable in different coalfields, different coal-forming periods, and different coal seams from individual coalfields. The average Se content in Chinese coal is 3.91 mg/kg.     

Variation of Hg content in low sulfur coals in relation to the coal-forming environment: a case study from Zhuji Coal Mine,Huainan Coalfield,North China

Twenty-nine low sulfur coal samples were selected to determine the magnitude and variability of mercury (Hg) content in a well-documented stratigraphy system including ten continuous coal seams in Zhuji Coal Mine, Huainan Coalfield, Anhui Province, North China. Mercury content of samples was measured on a direct mercury analyzer and confident results were obtained as evaluated by standard references, sample replicates and procedural blanks. The calculated overall mine average Hg content is 71.19?±?9.28 ng/g based on seam averages and weighting by the estimated reserve of each coal seam. The estimated Hg emission potential for Huainan coalfield is obviously lower than that calculated from coal emission factor in industrial use. An increasing trend of Hg content with the evolution of depositional environment was observed from Nos. 3 to 11-2 coal seams. Combining the evidence of sedimentology and paleontology, a better understanding was gained of the mechanism of Hg sequestration in specific coal benches. A large portion of Hg residing in the low sulfur coals presumably integrated to the functional groups of organic constitution, whereas pyrite was generally abundant in the high sulfur coals.     

淮北花沟西井田煤中微量元素及其环境意义分析

通过对30件煤样微量元素含量的测定,分煤层、分类型(稀土元素、环境意义微量元素)讨论了煤中微量元素的分布特征。研究发现各样品的稀土元素主要赋存于矿物质中,稀土元素含量均呈正常质量分数水平分布,各煤层的稀土元素分布表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损。受陆源影响的煤,ΣREE含量高,稀土元素主要由陆源物质继承而来。受海水影响的煤,ΣREE含量低,分布模式具有海水性质。形成后受河流冲刷的煤,灰分增加,煤中稀土元素含量增加。该研究成果为煤炭资源的合理开发和利用提供基础资料。