《工作场所职业病危害警示标识》的意义及应用

2002年,国家卫生部颁布和实施了《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》和《使用有毒物品作业场所劳动保护条例》(以下简称《职业病防治法》和《劳动保护条例》)。其中明确规定,在可能产生职业病危害或使用有毒、高毒物品的作业岗位、设备、     

工作场所职业病危害警示标识的设计探讨

分析了国家标准告知卡示例设计在实际运用过程中可能存在的不足之处，并针对性地采取了探索性改进措施。     

医疗废物应加警示标识

根据国家环保局和卫生部的有关规定，医疗废物专用包装物、宣传品标准盒将使用专门的警示标识，医疗废物专用包装袋，利器盒与周转箱的规定、标准及技术性能必须符合规定。     

护理警示标识在护理风险管理中的应用

目的通过使用护理警示标识,降低护理风险,消除安全隐患。方法在护理活动过程中,系统、合理、科学地使用护理警示标识。结果住院患者发生院内压疮、跌倒、脱管、烫伤、高危药物外渗等护理不良事件的例数明显下降,有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论护理警示标识增强了护理人员的风险意识,提高护理质量。     

护理警示标识在医院护理风险管理中的临床应用效果

目的探讨护理警示标识在医院护理风险管理中的临床应用效果。方法于2010年1—12月,统一、规范东南大学医学院附属江阴医院护理警示标识,各科室执行护理警示标识操作规范。比较2009和2010年患者对护理工作的评价、护士基础护理质量评分以及护理差错率。结果实施护理警示标识后,患者对护士工作的满意度、认可度和基础护理质量评分分别为159.27±10.76、29.13±2.59、99.62±0.67,显著高于实施前的130.56±10.43、26.97±2.51、95.85±0.73,实施前后比较,差异均有统计学意义,P〈0.01;护理差错率是0.26%,显著低于实施前的0.51%,。结论护理警示标识可明显减少护理差错发生率,降低护理风险,提高护理服务质量和患者满意度。     

工作场所职业病危害警示标识

正工作场所职业病危害警示标识指在工作场所设置的可以使劳动者对职业病危害产生警觉,并采取相应防护措施的图形标识、警示线、警示语句和文字。其中,图形标识包括禁止标识、警告标识、指令标识和提示标识。常见的警告标识有9种,指令标识有8种。见图1。     

基于德尔菲专家咨询法的中国预包装食品正面警示型标识设计

目的设计出适合中国国情的预包装食品正面警示型标识。方法运用德尔菲专家咨询法对预包装食品正面警示型标识初稿进行评价,采用直接评分法选择出适合中国国情的预包装食品正面警示型标识。结果经过两轮德尔菲专家咨询,选择出4套预包装食品正面警示型标识方案。结论最终选择出的预包装食品正面警示型标识较符合预期。     

告知签字联合警示标识在患者安全管理中的应用

当前,我国的经济水平日益发展,人们的生活水平有了很大的提高,再加上我国法制体系的日渐完善以及医疗知识的逐步普及,居民对于医疗护理的认知越来越多,要求的也更为严格。为了增强护士的法律意识和责任心,强化护患沟通,减少临床护理工作中不良事件的发生,该文就当前各项告知签字和对应的警示标识进行了介绍,并就其在实践中如何进行实施及产生的良好效果进行了探讨和分析。     

某铝型材企业职业病危害警示标识调查与评价

目的对某铝型材企业职业病危害警示标识设置地点、规格尺寸、图形颜色、内容、材质等进行调查,评价其是否符合法律法规要求。方法依据相关规范标准,对某铝型材企业职业病危害警示标识设置情况进行列表对比、分析。结果某铝型材企业厂区、熔铸车间、大型材车间设置的职业病危害公告栏、职业病危害告知牌、警示标识牌部分缺乏,部分不符合法规要求。结论该铝型材企业职业病危害警示标识需进一步完善。     

淄博地区中小企业工作场所健康促进调查

以淄博地区职业病疾病谱及发病情况为背景,对部分中小企业员工职业卫生及健康需求等进行调查,对某小型化工企业实施完善的工作场所健康促进(WHP)干预措施并评价干预效果。结果显示,截至2015年12月31日共报告职业病2 120例,有9大类28个病种,尘肺病1 676例(79.1%);劳动者对慢性非传染性疾病防治、膳食平衡等相关服务和健康知识需求较高;试点单位实施干预后,劳动合同签订率、参加工伤保险率、职业健康检查率分别达到100%,建立了规范的工作场所WHP管理机制,工作场所职业病危害因素检测结果均符合限值要求,未检出职业病或职业禁忌证。本研究探索出的WHP模式,可以改善中小企业作业人员劳动条件、改变职工的不健康生活方式、控制健康危险因素、降低病伤,符合中国国情,具有地域特色,针对性及可操作性强。     

An effective physical fitness program for small and medium-sized enterprises

The aim of this study is to develop a practicable worksite physical fitness program for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Community-based intervention consisting of a three-month exercise course was conducted, and its benefits evaluated. A self-administrated structured questionnaire and physical fitness examination were designed to compare the difference between pre and post intervention. A total of 133 SME workers completed the lifestyle/exercise course and filled out the questionnaire, but 16 were excluded from the exercise group due to health reasons. After the intervention, health indicators such as weight, blood pressure, resting heart rate, waistline, BMI, front and back trunk flexibility, abdominal muscle durability and back muscle strength were significantly improved, and improvements in musculoskeletal disorders were seen in reduced neck pain (18.8%), wrist pain (17.4%), and upper/lower back pain (8.7% and 21.7%, respectively). Cardiovascular risk factors (BMI and resting heart rate) showed a significant improvement related to frequent participation in the program (p=0.02), and the exercise group reported a significant difference in overall health (p=0.02). This study has demonstrated an effective approach to community-based fitness intervention through SMEs.     

中小企业工人抑郁状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解中山市中小企业生产工人抑郁状况及影响因素,为制定预防和干预措施提供参考依据。方法 采样多阶段抽样的方法抽取中山市3种不同所有制的54家中小企业（企业总人数<2 000人）的4 500名一线生产工人进行社会人口学特征、一般健康行为及抑郁状况的问卷调查。结果 共收回有效问卷3 300份,有效率为73.3%;男性占70.1%,中小企业工人抑郁状况检出率为22.7%;单因素分析结果显示,抑郁状况与性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度、月收入、吸烟状况、参加体育锻炼情况及企业类型有关（P<0.05）;有序多分类 logistic 回归分析结果显示,工人抑郁状况发生的危险因素为企业类型（民营企业OR=1.76,95%CI=1.38~2.27;港资企业OR=1.64,95%CI=1.31~2.06）、收入水平<2 000元（OR=2.36,95%CI=1.41 ~3.92）和吸烟（OR=1.30,95%CI=1.07~1.56）,较低的文化程度（OR=0.79,95%CI=0.64~0.96）、经常参加体育锻炼（OR=0.69,95%CI=0.58~0.82）是工人抑郁状况的保护因素。结论 中小企业工人抑郁状况与企业类型、工人教育程度、收入及一般健康行为（吸烟和经常参加体育锻炼）有关。     

上海市中小微型企业职业健康帮扶工作初步探索

目的 探索和评估上海市中小微型企业职业健康帮扶工作并总结经验及成效,建立中小微型企业职业健康帮扶模式。方法 上海市首次职业健康帮扶时间为2022年1月—2023年1月,共纳入10个区的100家企业,涉及18个行业。对每家企业进行现场摸底,确定风险评估报告和“一企一策”帮扶实施方案,重点解决企业目前存在的职业健康问题。根据对企业实施帮扶前后《上海市中小微型企业职业健康帮扶评估表》(试行)得分评估企业职业健康改善程度,分析中小微型企业职业健康帮扶工作的成效和困难。结果 上海市10个区100家企业被帮扶前得分总体平均值(44.49±16.22)分,被帮扶后得分总体平均值(87.41±5.42)分对企业被帮扶前后得分进行配对t检验结果显示,被帮扶后企业得分显著上升,帮扶前后得分差异具有统计学意义(t=33.65,P<0.001)。不同辖区和企业规模经帮扶后提升的分数间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实施帮扶后,职业病防治管理措施企业合格率提升83.06%,职业卫生宣传教育培训提升78.57%。结论 本研究旨在逐步建立政府购买服务帮扶模式, 通过准备、摸底和制定方案、帮扶、验收汇总4个阶段,了解上海市中小微型企业职业健康薄弱环节,结合企业自身情况针对性解决实际问题,切实提高中小微型企业职业健康水平。     

Impact of psychosocial job stress on non-fatal occupational injuries in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises

BACKGROUND: Workers involved in manufacturing are known to comprise a high-risk population for occupational injury, and this risk is greater in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between psychosocial job stress and occupational injuries among workers in SMEs. METHODS: One thousand forty-nine men and 721 women from 244 SMEs participated in this study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Japanese version of the generic job stress questionnaire, which covered 14 job stress variables. Occupational injury was assessed by self-report during the last 1-year period. RESULTS: Workers with high quantitative workload (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55 for men, 1.62 for women), high cognitive demands (OR = 1.70 for men, 1.53 for women), and low job satisfaction (OR = 1.33 for men, 1.93 for women) had a significantly increased risk of occupational injury in the multivariate model. High variance in workload (OR = 1.70) and high job future ambiguity (OR = 1.35) in men, and low job control (OR = 2.04) and high intragroup conflict (OR = 1.66) in women were significantly associated with occupational injury. In manufacturing/production workers, high quantitative workload (OR = 1.91), high variance in workload (OR = 2.02), and high depressive symptoms (OR = 1.55) were significantly associated with injury in men, while low social support from colleagues (OR = 2.36) or family (OR = 2.51) was related to injury in women. CONCLUSIONS: These data point to an independent relationship between psychosocial job stress and self-reported occupational injury in SMEs.     

Provision and perception of occupational health in small and medium-sized enterprises in Sheffield, UK

A random sample of managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) was selected from a database of businesses in Sheffield, UK. They were invited to take part in a study to evaluate the provision and perception of occupational health in SMEs in Sheffield. The study used an interviewer-led questionnaire, which collected quantitative and qualitative data; each interview took approximately 40 min to complete. Several approaches to recruitment were adopted during the study. Twenty-eight managers were interviewed over the 6 month study period. All of the SMEs employed <250 people; 43.2% did not have or had never reviewed a written health and safety policy. Only 18% had a written occupational health policy; 14.4% employed the services of a part-time occupational health physician; 7.2% employed a health and safety advisor; and 10.8% employed a part-time occupational health nurse. Twenty-five per cent had a nominated person responsible for occupational health and 67% thought that a doctor or nurse would be the best person to provide an occupational health service. Twenty-eight per cent of the companies carried out some form of pre-employment screening and 14.2% carried out health promotion. Fifteen (53.5%) collected some form of health related absence data. Eight companies (28.6%) organized a formal induction programme for all new employees. Further work should be undertaken in an attempt to improve access to local industry and particularly to SMEs. This study has clearly shown that access is possible, but different strategies of approach were required before a workable strategy could be found. Undoubtedly, this access can be improved by better understanding of the interaction between researchers, occupational health providers and local managers of SMEs.     

部队中小医院数字化建设探讨

目的：针对部队中、小医院数字化建设投入少、产出多、效果明显的特点,探索出部队中、小医院在数字化建设方面示范新路,推动部队医院数字化建设。方法：立足本单位建设需求及经济状况适度发展;依靠上级政策支持,兄弟单位赞助与帮扶、军民融合即与地方单位联合、合作开发等方法,“立足实际需求,科学统筹规划,逐项稳步推进”。结果：部队中、小医院信息化发展具有客观现实需求,并已具备信息化发展技术,我院已基本建成具有军队中、小医院数字化特色示范医院。结论：医院通过数字化医院建设实践,方法切实可行,具有广泛的代表性,能够推动部队数字化医院建设。     

典型企业职业卫生工作探讨

在职业卫生工作中,树立典型,以点带面,全面推动职业卫生工作.典型的树立:选择工作做得较好的企业,按"职业卫生管理"等六个方面进行考评.经验:开发领导层;信息卡的应用;有害作业工种的分类和编码.存在问题:管理工作薄弱;现有档案过于简单;企业不能要求进行作业场所有害因素的定期监测和职工的定期、退休、调离时的职业性健康检查;职工自我保护意识弱.建议:加大执法力度,促进职防工作.     

城市中小企业员工职业健康监护认知状况分析

目的分析湖北省城市中小工业企业员工的职业健康监护认知状况及其影响因素,探讨相应改善对策。方法采用多阶段抽样方法对湖北省2个市内城区的50家中小工业企业的1 380名接触职业病危害因素员工进行问卷调查。结果 85.1%的员工知晓用人单位应组织接触职业危害员工参加职业健康检查,79.3%的员工知晓职业健康检查的费用应由用人单位承担,而仅有57.0%的员工知晓用人单位应为接触职业危害员工建立职业健康监护档案;该群体获取职业健康监护知识的渠道主要为报刊杂志(44.3%)、企业宣传栏(40.7%)和互联网(39.7%);多元线性回归分析结果显示,影响该群体职业健康监护知识水平的保护因素是参加工伤保险、较高月收入、所在企业规模为中型、加入工会组织、男性和较高文化程度,危险因素是较高年龄组;该群体的职业健康监护意愿得分与职业健康监护知识得分间存在正相关关系(r=0.442,P<0.05)。结论 湖北省城市中小工业企业员工具有一定的职业健康监护知识水平,但仍应根据具体情况有针对性、有重点的加强相关知识的宣传普及工作。