UASB反应器处理造纸废水不同高度的污泥特性

为探讨上向流污泥床（UASB）反应器不同高度处的污泥特性,研究了生产性UASB反应器（总高7.2m）处理造纸废水时不同高度的污泥外观形态、稳定性及其产甲烷活性.结果显示,VS、TS、VSS、TSS浓度随着在反应器中取样高度的增加逐渐降低,并在距离反应器底部2.20m高度处出现分层.反应器1.20m和3.45m高度处的溶解性COD值较大（900mg·L-1以上）.反应器1.20m处污泥的稳定性较好（VS/TS较低）,固体浓度较高（TS136g·L-1,VS75g·L-1）,产甲烷活性较高（0.16g·g-1·d-1,以每gVSS中的COD计）,颗粒较大（平均当量直径为308μm）.UASB反应器处理造纸废水不同高度的污泥颗粒外观形态虽有差异,但污泥的生物活性近似.     

UASB反应器中产甲烷菌对温度胁迫的响应

采用间歇培养方式探讨了升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器中不同营养类型产甲烷菌对温度胁迫的响应规律.研究结果表明,产甲烷螺旋菌(Methanospirillum)是该反应器的主要氢营养型产甲烷菌,而主要乙酸营养型产甲烷菌为产甲烷丝状菌(Methanosaeta).在35℃条件下,氢营养型和乙酸营养型产甲烷菌的累计甲烷产量分别为24.7,11.7mL,而最大产甲烷速率分别为0.74,0.18mL/h.当温度从35℃分别降低至30,25,20,15℃时,导致氢营养型产甲烷菌的累计产甲烷量分别减少了14.2%,34.0%,47.0%,57.5%,而乙酸营养型产甲烷菌的累计产甲烷量分别减少了5.1%,23.9%,45.3%,95.7%.由此可见,在20~30℃时氢营养型产甲烷菌对温度胁迫更加敏感,而在15℃以下时乙酸营养营养型产甲烷菌对温度胁迫更加敏感.     

UASB反应器中颗粒污泥的沉降性能与终端沉降速度

从流体力学角度,通过建立沉降速度模型探讨了UASB反应器中颗粒污泥的沉降性能与终端沉降速度．计算结果表明,(1)绝大多数颗粒污泥的沉降过程属于过渡区(1＜Re＜100)而非层流区,其沉降速度与直径成正比,可用Allen公式进行计算;(2)颗粒污泥的终端沉降速度远高于厌氧反应器中废水的上流速度,其良好的沉降性能解决了在高负荷情况下污泥的流失问题．所建模型能较好地反映实际条件下的情况．为厌氧反应器的工艺设计与正常运行提供理论依据．     

UASB反应器处理异VC钠废水的启动特性研究

在污泥接种浓度为10g／L,水温35℃-38℃的条件下,采用逐渐加大进水量提高有机负荷的方式45d内可以完成UASB反应器处理异VC钠生产废水的启动。启动完成后UASB反应器的容积负荷为6kgCOD／（m^3·d）,CODcr去除率可以达到85％。调试过程中向反应器内加入适量FeSO4,可以使污泥在较短时间内实现颗粒化,形成粒径为1mm～2mm、沉降性能良好的颗粒污泥。反应器出水VFA保持在400mg／L以下并能比pH更灵敏的反应出反应器内部的环境变化。     

用上流式厌氧污泥床处理味精废水的研究

采用了上流式厌氧污泥床处理高浓度味精废水 ,研究了UASB反应器的菌种培养驯化条件和连续运行工艺参数 ,并分析了不同操作条件下去除废水中COD的效果     

UASB及其衍生反应器的运行性能研究

UASB及其衍生反应器是厌氧生物处理技术中最重要的处理工艺和处理装置,在有机废水处理中发挥着重要作用。在对UASB及其衍生反应器的运行性能进行比较分析的基础上,研究了影响UASB反应器运行性能的主要控制因素,并对其工艺发展进行了探讨,以利于对UASB及其衍生反应器的科学选择和厌氧处理工艺的创新研究。     

UASB反应器对印染废水中碳、氮、硫的协同去除研究

采用"UASB-缺氧好氧-混凝沉淀"组合工艺对印染废水进行中试处理研究.结果发现,UASB反应器不仅可以解决印染废水可生化性低、色度高的问题,还对废水中的碳、氮、硫具有协同去除作用,优化条件下UASB可将废水B/C从0.18~0.26提高至0.4以上,对色度、COD、TN、SO_4~(2-)、S~(2-)平均去除率分别为77.0%、36.4%、38.5%、77.5%、60.1%.同时,为了探究碳、氮、硫协同去除机理,对优化条件下的运行数据进行了分析并采用454高通量测序技术进行菌种鉴定.结果表明,UASB反应器内存在硫酸盐还原、厌氧氨化、同步脱硫反硝化和硝化反硝化4种作用,从而造成了碳、氮、硫的同步去除.菌种鉴定未发现产甲烷菌,说明产甲烷菌受到了抑制,UASB反应器很好地停留在了水解酸化阶段.进一步结合小试研究得出,硫酸盐还原是促使硝化反硝化、脱硫反硝化产生的原因,同时也促进了有机物去除.总体而言,硫酸盐还原促进了碳、氮、硫的协同去除.     

发泡多孔性藻朊酸钙胶体在UASB反应器生物造粒中的应用研究

ＵＡＳＢ反应器启动初期,以发泡性藻朊酸钙胶体为形成生物粒子的核和促进造粒的辅助剂,进行加速ＵＡＳＢ反应器启动试验的研究,并论述了藻朊酸钙胶体的制作过程,在ＵＡＳＢ反应器中,接种污泥后立即培养,然后投入已制成的该胶体与菌种混合,经过２０ｄ的连续运转,甲烷含量达７０％、ＴＯＣ去除率为７０％,颗粒内部作为核的藻朊酸钙胶体已被微生物所取代,生物粒子的沉速为３００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ,粒子数为７０００个／ｍｌ左右。     

Performance evaluation of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for treatment of paper mill wastewater

IntroductionInrecentyearsenergyconsiderationsandenvironmentalconcernshaveincreasedtheinterestindirectanaerobictreatmentofindustrialwastes.Theanaerobicmethodofwastetreatmentoffersunderthepresentcircumstancesanumberofsignificantadvantageswithlittleseriousorinsuperabledrawbacksoverothertreatmentmethods .Conventionalwastemanagementtechnologiescommonlyadoptedintropicalclimatesarenotonlyexpensivebutalsowarrantexactoperationandmaintenancerequirements .Mostofthedevelopingcountriessufferfromsevereenvir…     

进水浓度对UASB颗粒污泥形成的影响研究

采用人工葡萄糖配水,在相同的操作条件下,研究了进水浓度对UASB反应器颗粒污泥形成的影响。试验结果表明,9000mg/L COD的高浓度进水能够培养出良好的颗粒污泥,颗粒直径1.0—2.5mm(大多为2.0mm),SVI 16.03 ml/g,沉降性能良好.颗粒化过程在二个多月的试验周期内基本完成。反应器容积负荷达30.8kg COD/m~3·d,COD去除率大于85％.而采用1000mg/L COD的低浓度进水,也能培养出颗粒污泥但过程较慢,颗粒直径较小,约0.5—1.5mm,反应器容积负荷最高为10.2kg COD/m~3·d,COD去除率约75％。本文还就处理实际废水时的操作控制技术进行了分析讨论。     

二相厌氧消化工艺硫酸盐还原细菌的研究

采用厌氧操作技术和ＭＰＮ法测定表明,产酸相中的ＳＲＢ含量为２．０－５．７×１０６个／ｍｌ,产甲烷相中含量为０．９３－９．３×１０７个／ｍｌ,２者之差一般约为１个数量级．单相ＵＡＳＢ反应器的ＳＲＢ含量与产甲烷相类似．在产酸相与产甲烷相的上部悬浮液中ＳＲＢ含量分别为７．５×１０５和４．３×１０５个／ｍｌ,底部污泥中ＳＲＢ含量分别为２．５×１０６和２．５×１０７个／ｍｌ．ＳＲＢ与产甲烷细菌相比,具有较强的环境适应能力和较小的附着能力．此外,分析讨论了ＳＲＢ的生长和分布特性对反应器中硫酸盐还原作用和产甲烷作用的影响与控制．     

UASB处理高浓度硫酸盐废水启动过程污泥特性变化

跟踪比较一套处理高浓度硫酸盐污水的UASB反应器从启动驯化到稳定运行的243 d内污泥特性的变化.结果显示颗粒污泥的形成与生物活性直接影响反应器的处理效率.反应器启动初期颗粒污泥的平均粒径由种泥的1.82 mm减少至0.99 mm;随着负荷增加、水力停留时间缩短,颗粒污泥平均粒径呈逐步增长趋势.采用N2吹脱反应器内产生的H_2S,N_2流量为60 mL·min~(-1)时,颗粒污泥的平均粒径快速增长至1.51 mm;N_2流量为100 mL·min~(-1)时,颗粒污泥平均粒径呈现下降趋势;N_2连续吹脱使得反应器内不同高度污泥的平均粒径趋于接近.污泥中活性微生物的量(MLVSS)在启动初期先降后升,升至33.59 g·L~(-1)之后平稳增长到49.72 g·L~(-1),活性污泥中微生物所占悬浮固体量的比例(MLVSS/MLSS)也呈相同的变化趋势,先下降后升至0.36之后平稳升至0. 50;相关性分析表明,反应器硫酸盐还原效率与MLVSS呈显著正相关(r=0.918,p=0.003),驯化过程中SO_4~(2-)还原效率为30%～95%.电镜分析表明,接种时颗粒污泥表面粗糙,结构松散,多为丝状菌、杆菌、球菌;驯化后颗粒污泥表面光滑内部微生物结构紧密,菌群密集,多为弧菌、杆菌.硫酸盐还原反应器驯化过程中负荷、水力停留时间、反应器内水力上升流速、以及N2吹脱强度和时间都影响颗粒污泥粒径的变化;污泥中菌群组成的变化也可能是影响颗粒污泥粒径变化因素之一.     

ATP as an indicator of biomass activity in thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

This work investigated the biomass activity in a thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor of wastewater treatment. Synthetic textile wastewater with pH 10-11, COD level of 2000-3000 mg/L was tested. Cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in volatile solids (VS; mg ATP/gVS) was measured and expressed as specific ATP content to compare the biomass activity in up zone and lower zone in UASB reactor. The result shows that the specific ATP content based on total volatile solids (VS)in lower zone (0. 046 mgATP/gVS average) is much lower than that in up zone (0.62 mgATP/gVS average) due to high content of inactive biomass and high pH in lower zone. The SATP in up zone increases as HRT increases and approaches to a maximum value of 0.85 mgATP/gVS at HRT of 7h, then decreases. It shows most of the total VS in up zone represent active bacterial biomass at HRT of 7h. Rate of subtract utilization is directly related to the activity of microorganisms in the reactor. The effect of HRT on SATP in lower zone is not as significant as on SATP in up zone. The buffer capacity of the thermophilic UASB reactor is very good. It is the activity of sludge granules in lower zone that give the UASB reactor such a good buffer capacity to the inlet high pH.     

Sludge granulation and e ciency of phase separator in UASB reactor treating combined industrial e uent

Sludge granulation and the effect of gas-liquid-solid separator （GLSS） design on the efficiency of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） and upflow anaerobic sludge filter （UASF） reactors, operating at HRTs ranging from 3 to 12 h was investigated. VSS/TS ratio gradually increased in both the reactors with increasing sludge age （from 0.5 to more than 0.7 for UASB reactor and 0.012 to 0.043 for UASF reactor）. X-Ray diffraction analysis of the UASF sludge showed the presence of expanding clays revealing its additional absorption capability. Fuoraphyllite and albite precipitation related to excellular polymers of the microbial shell structure, showed the extended growth of microorganisms during sludge granulation. A gradual decrease （82%-69%） in COD removal with decreasing HRT was apparent in UASF reactor. In case of UASB reactor, this decrease was marginal because addition of GLSS device significantly improved （14%-20%） the overall efficiency of the UASB reactor. GLSS enhanced the efficiency of the UASB reactor by increasing the settleability of suspended particles and accelerating the coagulation of colloidal particles due to the velocity gradient.     

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor

The direct conversion of methanol into methane is the main process in anaerobic treatment of methanol containing wastewater. However, acetic acid can also be produced from methanol theoretically, which may probably result in an abrupt pH drop and deteriorate the anaerobic process. Therefore, it is interesting to know what would really happen in an anaerobic reactor treating methanol wastewater. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating methanol wastewater was operated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetic acid and pH of the effluent were monitored at different loadings and influent alkalinity. The results showed that the anaerobic reactor could be operated steadily at as low as 119 mg/L of influent alkalinity and high organic loading rate with no obvious pH drops. Volatile fatty acids accumulation was not observed even at strong shock loadings. The microorganisms in the sludge at the end of the test became homogeneous in morphology, which were mainly spherical or spheroidal in shape. __________ Translated from China Water & Wastewater, 2006, 22(13): 42–44,48 [译自: 中国给水排水]     

升流式厌氧污泥床处理含五氯酚废水的工艺特性

研究了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器（UASB）在中温条件下处理含五氯酚（PCP）模拟废水时的工艺特点及PCP降解机理。结果表明,在以处理啤酒废水的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种物（接种量约15gVSS/L）,运行温度为35±1℃,水力停留时间20～24h,进水COD浓度为2500～2800mg/L,进水PCP浓度由1.0mg/L上升至8.0mg/L条件下,120d左右完成启动,COD和PCP去除率分别为86％及94％以上。高效液相色谱仪检测结果分析表明,PCP厌氧降解的途径是首先经间位脱氯生成四氯酚和2,4,6-三氯酚,再经邻位和对位脱氯生成2,4-二氯酚和邻氯苯酚,最后矿化为CH₄和CO₂。     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperatureKE

A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2.8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), With a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26(1℃, pH 7.0-7.5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95.4% at 16 h to 93.8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88.5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0.265 to 3.08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0.308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4-hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H2/CO2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H2/CO2 to methane. The role of epsilon-Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature

IntroductionPhenolistherawmaterialforthecommercialproductionofawidevarietyofresins ,includingphenolicresinsasconstructionmaterialsforautomobilesandappliances,expoxyresinsasadhesives ,andpolyamideforvariousapplications.Inaddition ,phenolsareoftenfoundinwas…     

三段式硝化型生物接触氧化反应器的启动及特性

采用实际生活污水,研究了三段式串联的硝化型生物接触氧化反应器的挂膜启动及各段的硝化特性.试验结果表明:利用中间沉淀池出水作为生物接触氧化反应器的进水进行自然挂膜,在无需投加接种污泥的情况下,20d挂膜成熟,NH4+-N的去除率达到98%以上.反应器中随着沿程推流,三段的生物量和生物膜厚度逐渐降低,最大的生物量和生物膜厚度分别为1271.25mg/L和119.45μm.分析各段的硝化特性,发现三段在低温15℃条件下仍具有较高的比硝化速率,并且在同一温度下(15,23,32℃),第2、3段的比硝化速率均大于第1段.针对上述现象,根据比耗氧速率SOUR粗略估计了AOB和NOB在各段中的相对比例.3段AOB的百分比分别为(25.64+4.89)%, (34.59+5.02)%, (42.50+1.57)%,而NOB的百分比为(23.52+3.35)%, (39.65+4.26)%, (40.69+2.19)%. 此外,系统运行125d的FISH结果表明,3段的微生物菌群分布确实存在差异.与第1段相比,后2段的AOB和NOB更容易成为优势菌.     

UASB系统低 pH运行时对产氢性能的分析

采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)作为反应装置,以红糖水为发酵底物,污水处理厂剩余污泥为反应的启动污泥,加入活性炭固定污泥成颗粒状,形成稳定的乙醇型发酵后,对生物制氢系统在低pH运行时的产氢性能进行了研究.结果表明,在进水COD浓度为4 000 mg·L-1、温度为(35±1)℃、水力停留时间(HRT)为8 h的条件下,投加NaHCO3将出水pH由稳定期的3.72分别提高至3.80、3.85、3.94、4.04,稳定时的产氢速率由5.5 L·d-1提高到约7.0、8.0、9.5、6.0 L·d-1,较稳定期分别提高了27.27%、45.45%、72.73%、9.09%.pH为3.94时,产气速率也达到最大值15.83 L·d-1,是稳定期产气量的1.75倍,产氢效率为58.05%,产气产氢效果最佳,突破了发酵法制氢pH的下限值4.0.