In2O3 nanocubes/Ti3C2Tx MXene composites for enhanced methanol gas sensing properties at room temperature

Highly active two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposites, integrating the unique merits of individual components and synergistic effects of composites, have been recently receiving attention for gas sensing. In this work, In₂O₃ nanocubes/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanocomposites were synthesized using In₂O₃ nanocubes and layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene via a facile hydrothermal self-assembly method. Characterization results indicated that the In₂O₃ nanocubes with sizes approximately 20–130 nm in width were well dispersed on the surface of layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene to form numerous heterostructure interfaces. Based on the synergistic effects of electronic properties and gas-adsorption capabilities, In₂O₃ nanocubes/Ti₃C₂Tx MXene nanocomposites exhibited high response (29.6%–5 ppm) and prominent selectivity to methanol at room temperature. Meanwhile, the low detection concentration could be reduced to ppm-level, the response/recovery times are shortened to 6.5/3.5 s, excellent linearity and outstanding repeatability. The strategy of compositing layered MXene with metal oxide semiconductor provides a novel pathway for the future development of room temperature gas sensors.     

Enhanced room temperature ammonia response of 2D-Ti3C2Tx MXene decorated with Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles

Due to the expansion of human production activities, toxic ammonia (NH₃) is excessively released into the atmosphere, being a huge threat to human health and the natural environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to design an easy-synthesized gas-sensing material with both good room temperature sensitivity and selectivity for trace-level NH₃ detection. Herein, we fabricate a chemiresistive NH₃ gas sensor with enhanced performance based on Ni(OH)₂/Ti₃C₂T_x hybrid materials. The Ni(OH)₂/Ti₃C₂T_x hybrid materials are synthesized by an in-situ electrostatic self-assembly method. Attributed to the formation of interfacial heterojunctions and the modulation of carrier density, the Ni(OH)₂/Ti₃C₂T_x hybrid sensor exhibits high response, outstanding repeatability, good selectivity and stability in low concentrations of NH₃. Moreover, the Ni(OH)₂/Ti₃C₂T_x hybrid sensor has a higher response to 10 ppm NH₃ at the relative humidity of 40% and 60%, which makes it promising for applications in real complex environments with high humidity. Benefitting from the low power consumption and easy fabrication process, the Ni(OH)₂/Ti₃C₂T_x hybrid sensor possesses a broad application prospect in the internet of things (IoT) environmental monitoring.     

2D/2D SnO2 nanosheets/Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposites for detection of triethylamine at low temperature

Highly active two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposites have been widely concerned in the field of gas sensors because of their unique advantages and synergistic effects. 2D/2D SnO₂ nanosheets/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanocomposites were synthesized by using layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and uniform SnO₂ nanosheets by hydrothermal method. Characterization results show that the SnO₂ nanosheets are well dispersed and vertically anchored on the layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene surface, forming heterogeneous interfaces. Based on the gas-adsorption capabilities and synergistic effects of electronic properties, SnO₂ nanosheets/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanocomposites show high triethylamine (TEA) gas-sensing performance at low temperature (140 °C). The sensor responses of the nanocomposites and pure SnO₂ nanosheets to 50 ppm of TEA are 33.9 and 3.4, respectively. An enhancement mechanism for SnO₂ nanosheets/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanocomposites is proposed for highly sensitive and selective detection of TEA at low temperature. The combination strategy of two-dimensional metal oxide semiconductor and multilayer MXene provides a new way for the development of cryogenic gas sensors in the future.     

ZnO-enhanced In2O3-based sensors for n-butanol gas

A series of high-response and fast-response/recovery n-butanol gas sensors was fabricated by adding ZnO to In₂O₃ in varying molar ratios to form ZnO-In₂O₃ nanocomposites via a facile co-precipitation hydrothermal method. Morphological characterizations revealed that the shape of pure In₂O₃ was changed from irregular cubes into irregular nanoparticles, 30–50?nm in size, with the addition of ZnO. Compared with the pure In₂O₃ gas sensor, the ZnO-In₂O₃ gas sensor exhibits superior n-butanol sensing performance. With the introduction of ZnO, the response of the sensor to n-butanol was improved from 17 to 99.5 at 180?°C for a [Zn]:[In] molar ratio of 1:1. In addition, the ZnO-In₂O₃ gas sensors show a reduced optimal working temperature, excellent selectivity to n-butanol, and good repeatability. The response of the ZnO-enhanced In₂O₃-based sensors showed a strong linear relationship with the n-butanol gas concentration, allowing for the quantitative detection of n-butanol gas.     

Improvement of gas sensing property for two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx treated with oxygen plasma by microwave energy excitation

Two-dimensional layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was prepared through hydrothermal etching method with LiF and hydrochloric (HCl) acid. Ti₃C₂T_x was further treated with oxygen plasma activated by microwave energy to obtain the activated Ti₃C₂T_x at different temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 550 °C. The gas-sensing properties of raw Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₃C₂T_x activated with oxygen microwave plasma were tested toward different volatile organic compounds gases. The results indicated that Ti₃C₂T_x activated at 500 °C exhibited excellent gas-sensing properties at room temperature (25 °C) to 100 ppm ethanol with a value of 22.47, which is attributed to the enhancement of the amount of oxygen functional groups and defects on the MXene Ti₃C₂T_x film, and in turn to lead to more oxygen molecules adsorption and desorption reaction in the active defect sites. The enhancement of ethanol-sensing performance demonstrated that the activated Ti₃C₂T_x possess great potential in gas sensing.     

Synthesis of few-layered Ti3C2Tx/ WO3 nanorods foam composite material for NO2 gas sensing at low temperature

The few-layered Ti₃C₂T_x/WO₃ nanorods foam composite material was synthesized by electrostatic self-assembly and bidirectional freeze-drying technologies. The phase structure and microstructure of synthesized samples was characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and their gas sensing properties estimated via a self-designed equipment with four test channels. The results demonstrate WO₃ nanorods were successfully anchored on the surface and between layers of few-layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene by electrostatic self-assembly strategy and the composite material simultaneously has a low-density foam morphology by means of bidirectional freeze-drying processes. There exists a typical heterostructure at the interfaces owing to the inseparable contact between the few-layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and WO₃ nanorods. Compared with the original WO₃ nanorods, the few-layered Ti₃C₂T_x/WO₃ nanorods foam composite material displays excellent gas sensing properties for NO₂ detection at low temperature, in particular the optimal value of gas sensing response (R_g/R_a) reaches to 89.46 toward 20 ppm NO₂ at 200 °C. The gas sensing mechanism was also discussed. The increase of gas sensitivity is attributed to a fact that during the reaction process of gas sensing, the excellent conductivity of the few-layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene provided faster transport channels of free carriers, and the heterojunctions formed by few-layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and WO₃ nanorods enhanced the carriers separation efficiency. Meanwhile, the low-density layered structure of few-layered Ti₃C₂T_x/WO₃ nanorods foam composite material provides convenient diffusion paths for gas molecules to the surface of WO₃ nanorods.     

Ultrasensitive and reversible room-temperature resistive humidity sensor based on layered two-dimensional titanium carbide

The nanostructured two-dimensional (2D) materials for humidity sensing applications have become increasingly attractive. However, 2D materials have negative aspects of easily stacking and agglomerating multilayers. Here, a novel resistive-type humidity sensor utilizing multi-layer titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x) films as sensitive material is demonstrated. The humidity sensor exhibits an ultrasensitive and reversible sensing performance in a wide relative humidity range. Furthermore, the ultrafast response and recovery properties are achieved at room temperature. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to investigate the adsorption of water vapor on Ti₃C₂T_x surfaces. A rapid capillary condensation of water vapor on the unique accordion-like microstructures and the hierarchical nanostructures of hydroxyl-riched Ti₃C₂T_x surface are supposed to be responsible for the super adsorption capability for water vapor. The electrostatic field induced by adsorbed water molecules is proposed to explain the resistance change of the titanium carbide humidity sensor. This work highlights the unique advantages of humidity sensor with layered 2D materials of Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes, including ultrasensitive, good reversibility and fast recovery at room temperature.     

Bifunctional Ti3C2Tx–CNT/PANI composite with excellent electromagnetic shielding and supercapacitive performance

Ti₃C₂T_x exhibits excellent electromagnetic (EM) shielding and electrochemical properties. However, the inherent re-stacking tendency and easy oxidation of Ti₃C₂T_x limit its further application. In this study, a multi-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite (CNT/PANI, denoted as C–P) was introduced into Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets to obtain a Ti₃C₂T_x–CNT/PANI composite (T@CP). Owing to the integrated effects of Ti₃C₂T_x and C–P, the contribution of absorption was significantly improved, which finally enhanced the EM shielding performance of T@CP. The highest total EM shielding effectiveness (SE_T) was close to 50 dB (49.8 dB), which was substantially higher than that of pure Ti₃C₂T_x (45.3 dB). Moreover, T@CP demonstrated outstanding supercapacitive performance. The specific capacitance of T@CP (2134.5 mF/cm² at 2 mV/s) was considerably higher than that of pure Ti₃C₂T_x (414.3 mF/cm² at 2 mV/s). These findings provide a new route for the development of high-efficiency Ti₃C₂T_x-based bifunctional EM shielding and electrochemical materials.     

Sandwich-like preparation of Ti3C2Tx@CoFe@TiO2 nanocomposites for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption

Electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials have been widely applied in the fields of military and engineering areas. It is of great significance to develop high-performance EMW absorbing materials. This work assembled the sandwich-like Ti₃C₂T_x based nanocomposites by the microwave-assisted annealing of CoFe-MOF@Ti₃C₂T_x (CFMF@Ti₃C₂T_x) precursors at different temperatures. Results show that, as the heat treatment temperature is 450 °C, the sandwich-like Ti₃C₂T_x@CoFe@TiO₂ nanocomposites present better EMW absorption properties. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value was ?62.9 dB at 17.95 GHz with a thin thickness of 1.2 mm. Moreover, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) value was 5.02 GHz (12.74–17.76 GHz) with a thickness of 1.4 mm. The application of microwave-assisted annealing contributed to the formation of CoFe nanoparticles and TiO₂ nanoparticles because of the ultra-fast heating rate. The introduction of the nanoparticles enhanced the multiple polarization, optimized the impedance matching and introduced magnetic loss, leading to the improvement of EMW absorption. When the annealing temperature further increased to 550 °C, the EMW absorbing performance was weakened, which was mainly correlated with the decrement of the interface area due to the increase of the TiO₂ nanoparticle size and CoFe nanoparticle size. Thus, the loss effect of the multiple interface polarization weakens in the EMW absorption. In addition, the high permittivity of Ti₃C₂T_x disappears, which deteriorated the impedance matching and attenuation ability of EMW. Ultimately, sandwich-like Ti₃C₂T_x@CoFe@TiO₂ nanocomposite with satisfactory EMW absorbing properties is established, promising for various EMW absorbing applications.     

Core@shell and sandwich-like Ti3C2Tx@Ni particles with enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding performance

Novel and highly effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are desirable to attenuate unwanted electromagnetic radiation or interference produced by electrical communication devices. Here, functional Ti₃C₂T_x@Ni particles with a core@shell and sandwich like structure were fabricated using the facile electroless plating technique. The core@shell structured Ti₃C₂T_x@Ni consists of a Ti₃C₂T_x core and a Ni shell. In the core, thin Ni layers are sandwiched in between Ti₃C₂T_x flakes. EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) values of Ti₃C₂T_x@Ni/wax composites increased with increasing Ti₃C₂T_x@Ni content. The average EMI SE value of 60 wt% Ti₃C₂T_x@Ni/wax composite was 43.12 dB, increased by 73% as compared with 24.93 dB for the same content of pristine Ti₃C₂T_x in wax in the frequency range 2–18 GHz. An average EMI SE of 74.14 dB was achieved in the 80 wt% Ti₃C₂T_x@Ni/wax. The enhanced EMI shielding performance should be ascribed to the synergic effect of the absorption loss of the Ti₃C₂T_x core and the magnetic loss of the Ni shell and the inner Ni layers.     

Promoting the electromagnetic interference shielding of Ti3C2Tx flakes by loading Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Insights into the performance of oligo-layers exposed to microwave interferences

This study aims to provide insights into the absorption and shielding performances of Fe₃O₄ modified oligo-layered Ti₃C₂T_x towards microwave electromagnetic interference. Oligo-layered Ti₃C₂T_x was modified by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (60 nm) via a facile electrostatic assembly approach at different loading rates. This composite was shown to have high dielectric constant and high permeability compared with oligo-layered Ti₃C₂T_x. The microwave electromagnetic absorbing and shielding performances were monitored through a vector network instrument with focuses on the EMI performance. The sample Ti₃C₂T_x/Fe₃O₄ with a 5:1 mass ratio of Ti₃C₂T_x to Fe₃O₄ displayed the optimized EMI shielding performance. The average SE value was 62.19 dB, and the maximum value was 68.72 dB at 18 GHz with a 2.6 mm thickness. The EMI shielding mechanism was understood based on the conductive loss, magnetic loss, dipole polarization, and multiple scattering. Results suggests that Ti₃C₂T_x/Fe₃O₄ composites are expected to be superior EMI shielding material.     

Ti2CTx MXene: A novel p-type sensing material for visible light-enhanced room temperature methane detection

The development of semiconductor-based room-temperature methane (CH₄) gas sensors is appealing but challenging. Herein, we report a CH₄ gas sensor operating at room temperature based on Ti₂CT_x MXene, a novel p-type sensing material, achieving high-performance CH₄ detection with visible light assistance. The Ti₂CT_x MXene based device showed more than seven-fold improvement for CH₄ detection under visible-light irradiation, and the response/recovery times were also sharply decreased. The excellent CH₄ sensing performance at room temperature could be attributed to the visible-light photocatalytic CH₄ oxidation activity of the Ti₂CT_x sensing material. CH₄ oxidation was revealed by photocatalytic measurement, O₂-TPD and in-situ IR spectroscopies. The present work demonstrates the novel application of Ti₂CT_x MXene as a promising p-type sensing material for methane detection at room temperature. Moreover, the concept of “photocatalysis-enhanced gas sensing” can be employed in room-temperature gas sensors based on other novel semiconductors.     

A novel “plane-line-plane” nanostructure of the sandwich-like CNTs@SnO2/Ti3C2Tx 3D nanocomposite as a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries

As one of the novel two-dimensional metal carbides, Ti₃C₂T_x has received intense attention for lithium-ion batteries. However, Ti₃C₂T_x has low intrinsic capacity due to the fact that the surface functionalization of F and OH blocks Li ion transport. Herein a novel “plane-line-plane” three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure is designed and created by introducing the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SnO₂ nanoparticles to Ti₃C₂T_x via a simple hydrothermal method. Due to the capacitance contribution of SnO₂ as well as the buffer role of CNTs, the as-fabricated sandwich-like CNTs@SnO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x nanocomposite shows high lithium ion storage capabilities, excellent rate capability and superior cyclic stability. The galvanostatic electrochemical measurements indicate that the nanocomposite exhibits a superior capacity of 604.1 mAh g^?1 at 0.05?A?g^?1, which is higher than that of raw Ti₃C₂T_x (404.9 mAh g^?1). Even at 3?A?g^?1, it retains a stable capacity (91.7 mAh g^?1). This capacity is almost 5.6 times higher than that of Ti₃C₂T_x (16.6 mAh g^?1) and 58 times higher than that of SnO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x (1.6 mAh g^?1). Additionally, the capacity of CNTs@SnO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x for the 50th cycle is 180.1 mAh g^?1 at 0.5?A?g^?1, also higher than that of Ti₃C₂T_x (117.2 mAh g^?1) and SnO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x (65.8 mAh g^?1), respectively.     

Ethanol sensing properties of networked In2O3 nanorods decorated with Cr2O3-nanoparticles

In₂O₃ nanorods decorated with Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal evaporation of In₂S₃ powder in an oxidizing atmosphere followed by solvothermal deposition of Cr₂O₃ and their ethanol gas sensing properties were examined. The pristine and Cr₂O₃-decorated In₂O₃ nanorods exhibited responses of ~524% and ~1053%, respectively, to 500-ppm ethanol at 200 °C. The Cr₂O₃-decorated In₂O₃ nanorod sensor showed stronger electrical response to ethanol gas at 200 °C than the pristine In₂O₃ nanorod counterpart. The former also showed faster response and recovery than the latter. The pristine and Cr₂O₃-decorated In₂O₃ nanorod sensors showed the strongest response to ethanol gas at 250 and 200 °C, respectively. The Cr₂O₃-decorated In₂O₃ nanorod sensor showed selectivity for ethanol gas over other reducing gases. The underlying mechanism for the enhanced response, sensing speed and selectivity of the Cr₂O₃-decorated In₂O₃ nanorod sensor for ethanol gas is discussed.     

NO2 gas sensing responses of In2O3 nanoparticles decorated on GO nanosheets

Nanomaterials offer a wide range of applications in environmental nanotechnology. Hazardous pollutants in the environment are needed to be detected and controlled effectively to avoid human health risks. In this paper, we described the fine-controlled growth of In₂O₃ nanoparticles embedded on GO nanosheets by a facile precipitation method. The In₂O₃@GO nanocomposites exhibited outstanding gas sensing performance as compared with pure In₂O₃ nanoparticles towards NO₂. At 225 °C, the sensor displayed high selectivity, best response (78) to 40 ppm NO₂, quick response, and recovery times of 106s/42s. The improved sensing performances of the nanocomposite were attributed to large surface area, high gas adsorption-desorption capability, and the formation of p-n heterojunctions between In₂O₃ nanoparticles and GO nanosheets. The excellent gas detecting activities validate In₂O₃@GO nanocomposites as a promising candidate in the NO₂ gas sensor industry.     

Structural,thermal and dielectric properties of 2D layered Ti3C2Tx (MXene) filled poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) (EMA) nanocomposites

Light-weight and flexible 2D MXene-based polymer materials with low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant have drawn great attention in the power systems and modern electronic field. A series of Ti₃C₂T_x/EMA composites were fabricated via simple solution casting followed by a compression molding method with various mass concentrations of Ti₃C₂T_x (0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15 wt%). Morphological and micro structural properties of the prepared composites were studied via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), where the distribution of Ti₃C₂T_x in the Ti₃C₂T_x/EMA composites was confirmed. Thermal behaviors were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) investigations. The DSC analysis reveals that the % of crystallinity decreases from 11.06 with 1 wt% to 5.68 with 15 wt%, where Ti₃C₂T_x acts as an efficient nucleating agent. TGA data confirm the enhancement of the thermal stability of the composites upon increasing in Ti₃C₂T_x loading. The room temperature electrical and dielectric behavior of the studied composites were examined in the frequency range of 100 Hz–5 MHz. In this work, the 10 wt% of Ti₃C₂T_x loaded poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) composite (EMA) showed higher dielectric permittivity (ε′ = 124.22) with lower dissipation loss (tan δ = 0.051) at 100 Hz among all weight percentages. The behavior of charge carriers in the prepared composites was studied by utilizing the impedance spectroscopy technique. The electrical parameters were calculated from the fitted Nyquist plots with a corresponding circuit model. I–V curves confirmed the conduction mechanisms of the composites. This beneficial enhancement in electrical properties recommends the composite can be utilized in flexible electronic storage devices.     

Fabrication and thermal stability of two-dimensional carbide Ti3C2 nanosheets

Two-dimensional Ti₃C₂ nanosheets were obtained by exfoliation of synthesized Ti₃AlC₂ powders in 40% HF solution at room temperature. The influence of etching time on the synthesis, structural evolution during heating, and thermal stability of as-prepared Ti₃C₂ nanosheets were studied. The graphene-like structure of as-prepared Ti₃C₂ nanosheets was confirmed by XRD and SEM. TG–DTA and elemental analysis suggested that the OH and F groups attached on the surface of Ti₃C₂ nanosheets could be eliminated by heat treatment. It is noteworthy that Ti₃C₂ nanosheets are thermal stable up to 1200 °C in Ar atmosphere. In the heating process, a small quantity of TiO₂ anatase emerges at 500 °C and then reacts with Ti₃C₂ to form a solid solution of TiC_xO_1−x (0<x<1) with the increase of temperature.     

Ti3C2Tx-foam as free-standing electrode for supercapacitor with improved electrochemical performance

To prevent restacking of the Ti₃C₂T_x layers, the Ti₃C₂T_x-foam has been successfully synthesized through thermal treatment of Ti₃C₂T_x-film with the hydrazine monohydrate. The interconnected porous structure of Ti₃C₂T_x-foam could effectively reduce the restacking of the Ti₃C₂T_x sheets and shorten the diffusion path of ions and accelerate the intercalation/de-intercalation of ions. The Ti₃C₂T_x-foam-80 used as free-standing electrode achieves a high areal capacitance of 271.2 mF/cm² (122.7?F/g) at a scan rate of 5?mV/s in 1?M KOH electrolyte. It also exhibited a high capability rate of 65.5% from 5?mV/s to 100?mV/s and good cycle life with 88.7% retention of its initial after 10,000 cycles at a scan rate of 50?mV/s.     

Nanocrystalline In2O3-SnO2 thick films for low-temperature hydrogen sulfide detection

Nanocrystalline In₂O₃-SnO₂ thick films were fabricated using the screen-printing technique and their responses toward low concentrations of H₂S in air (2-150 ppm) were tested at 28-150 °C. The amount of In₂O₃-loading was varied from 0 to 9 wt.% of SnO₂ and superb sensing performance was observed for the sensor loaded with 7 wt.% In₂O₃, which might be attributed to the decreased crystallite size as well as porous microstructure caused by the addition of In₂O₃ to SnO₂ without structural modification. The interfacial barriers between In₂O₃ and SnO₂ might be another major factor. Typically, the response of 7 wt.% In₂O₃-loaded SnO₂ sensor toward 100 ppm of H₂S was 1481 at room temperature and 1921 at optimal operating temperature (40 °C) respectively, and showed fast and recoverable response with good reproducibility when operated at 70 °C, which are highly attractive for the practical application in low-temperature H₂S detection.     

Synthesis,characterization and antifungal property of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets

Although the antibacterial properties of MXene nanosheets containing Ti₃C₂T_x are known, their antifungal properties have not been well studied. Herein, we present for the first time a report on the antifungal properties of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene. The Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was obtained by first exfoliating MAX phase of Ti₃AlC₂ with concentrated hydrofluoric acid, then the Ti₃C₂T_x was intercalated and deliminated by ethanol treatment and ultrasonication process. The delaminated Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets (d-Ti₃C₂Tx) were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was characterized by lamellar structure alternating with layers of Ti, Al and C. The EDX results revealed that the delaminated Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets were composed of Ti, C, Si, O, F, and a trace amount of Al. The XRD and Raman spectra further indicated the elimination of Al and the formation of two-dimensional Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets. The antifungal activity of the delaminated Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was determined against Trichoderma reesei using the modified agar disc method. Observation using inverted phase contrastmicroscopy revealed inhibited fungus growth with the absence of hyphae around the discs treated wtih MXene. The surrounding of the control groups without an inclusion of MXene was found with large number of hyphae and spores. In addition, the spores of the fungi treated with the samples containing d-Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets did not germinate even after 11 days of culture. The results demonstrated disruption to the hemispheric structural formation of fungi colony, inhibition of hyphae growth and cell damage for fungi grown on the d-Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets. These new findings suggest that d-Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets developed in this work could be a promising anti-fungi material.