太阳总辐射计的设计

在对太阳总辐射计的研发中,怎样解决高精度的数据采集,且保证能够方便地观测并记录是相当重要的问题.设计了一种由太阳总辐射传感器、ADS1248高精度模数转换器和STM32F103ZET6组成的太阳总辐射计.该新型太阳总辐射计的太阳总辐射传感器模块是由铂电阻构成,在太阳的总辐射下使得阻值发生变化,24位高精度的ADS1248对其进行AD采样,数据处理得到精度较高的太阳总辐射值,并通过蓝牙传输太阳总辐射值,可以方便地观测太阳总辐射值.     

基于PSD的太阳方位对准系统研究

针对现有太阳方位跟踪系统中对准精度较低、易受环境制约等问题,设计了一种太阳方位对准系统。该系统一方面接收GPS输出数据信息,利用视日运动轨迹跟踪方法计算初始方位;另一方面利用斜入射平凸透镜的太阳光线在二维四边形PSD器件上形成光斑,计算光斑中心与PSD器件几何中心之间偏差,结合二者信息对太阳方位进行准确定位,对安装倾斜误差进行补偿。实验结果表明,该太阳方位对准系统能够实现全天候、大范围内准确定位,设计方法合理、可行。     

太阳能电池板发电效率的实验研究

为了更好的利用太阳能资源,针对南京地区太阳能发电的应用问题,设计并实验分析了太阳能电池板在不同波长光照下发电效率的规律,并进行了不同照射角度下发电效率的实验研究.文中设计了太阳能电池板发电效率的测试方案,采用滤光片分别进行了四种波长太阳光线的获取;针对太阳能电池板的组合排列,分别设计了五种组合方式,并对每一种组合方式进行了实验研究.实验结果表明,在南京地区的天气中,中午12到14点太阳能发电效率最高;在波长方面,大于600nm的光线的发电效率最大;在实用性方面,四个太阳能电池板并联方式提供的电流最强,四个串联方式提供的电压能量最大.研究结果能为更好地利用太阳资源能提供良好的借鉴.     

基于流体动力学的探空温度传感器太阳辐射误差研究

针对太阳辐射加热导致的误差显著限制了温度测量的准确度的问题,提出了基于流体动力学的太阳辐射误差的修正方法--数值分析法.建立从地面到32 km高空不同气压条件下珠状热敏电阻器探空温度传感器的误差热分析模型,通过计算流体动力学对其进行太阳辐射误差数值模拟分析.着重研究了太阳辐射方向、传感器表面涂层反射率、传感器尺寸等物理参数对太阳辐射误差的影响.研究结果表明:太阳辐射引起的温度测量误差随海拔高度的上升呈现非线性单调递增的变化趋势.当太阳辐射方向垂直于传感器正面时误差最大,增大传感器表面涂层反射率、减小传感器尺寸都能有效降低太阳辐射误差.     

基于DEM的山区入射潜在太阳辐射模拟

太阳辐射是地球上最基本、最重要的能源。在实际情况下,由于地面的起伏变化(如坡度、坡向),造成地面接受太阳光的状况存在很大差异,太阳辐射在地面还存在一个重新分配的过程,从而形成复杂的太阳辐射空间分布,造成局部的小气候特征的差异。根据国内、外山地太阳辐射研究进展,研究利用ARC/INFO AML开发出山地入射潜在太阳辐射模型,实现对地面所获得太阳辐射量的数值模拟。     

太阳能跟随器在物联网中的应用

通过分析现阶段太阳能跟随器的特点,利用物联网技术将比较控制式跟随与时钟式跟随两种方式结合在一起,阐述了太阳能跟随器在沼光一体化系统中的工作原理和软硬件实现方案,并验证了此跟随器具有更高的可靠性和光电转换效率。     

Dynamics of satellite with deployable rigid solar arrays

This research is concerned with the dynamic modeling of satellite with deployable solar arrays equipped with strain energy hinges (SEH). The SEH is a new deployment device consisting of a strip tape measure, which utilizes the buckling behavior of a thin curved shell to produce nonlinear dynamic characteristics during deployment of solar arrays. For dynamic simulation, the SEH is assumed to be a massless-nonlinear elastic member and the solar panels are assumed to be rigid bodies which are connected by the SEHs. The planar deployment is of interest in this study since the deployment of solar arrays mainly occurs in a two-dimensional plane. In deriving the equations of motion, we developed a new systematic approach suitable for the simulation of solar array deployment in space. The simulation results were compared to the ground experimental results obtained at the laboratory of Korea Aerospace Research Institute. In the ground experiments, the hub of the solar arrays was attached to the frictionless rotational bearing, and the solar arrays were hanged by bungee cables. Even though the dynamic model was derived for the space deployment of the solar arrays, the simulation result corresponding to the solar array deployment was similar to the ground experimental results thus validating the simulation model developed in this paper.     

Machine-vision-based identification for wafer tracking in solar cell manufacturing

Solar power is getting popular as an alternative of electricity energy. Multicrystalline solar cells dominate the current market share because of lower material and manufacturing costs. In solar cell manufacturing, a silicon ingot is sliced into thin wafers and then the wafers are further processed into solar cells. Conventional automatic identification systems such as bar codes, magnetic strips, OCR and RFID need a contacted identity on the object surface. They are not possible to implement for solar wafer tracking and data collection due to the thin, fragile silicon surface of a solar wafer.     

多级盐田滩晒硝酸钠矿浸取液时浓度分布模型及优化

天然硝酸钠矿浸取液在进行多级盐田日晒除盐时,各级盐田中目标产物硝酸钠浓度的分布及盐田的级数对硝酸钠收率有很大影响。本文通过物料衡算和相图推导,建立了以硝酸钠收率为函数,以盐田级数、各级浓度分布为自变量的数学模型, 并结合实际生产数据,以硝酸钠在盐田中的损失量为目标函数,利用MatLab优化工具进行优化。研究结果表明:盐田级数越多,硝酸钠的损失越少,但四级以后,损失减少不大,综合考虑确定天然硝酸钠矿浸取液应采用3-4级盐田滩晒,同时获得了不同盐田级数时卤水浓度分布规律;如果各级盐田中沉积盐夹带液相量比例相同,则该比例大小对各级盐田中的浓度、析盐量和蒸发量分布没有影响,但对硝酸钠收率的影响很大。     

Solar energy assessment using remote sensing technologies

About 20% of the final energy consumed in Europe is used in buildings. The active and passive use of solar energy is an approach to reduce the fossil energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions originated by buildings. Consideration of solar energy technologies in urban planning demands accurate information of the available solar resources. This can be achieved by the use of remote sensing data from geostationary satellites which show a very high spatial and a sufficient temporal resolution compared to ground station data. This paper gives a brief introduction to the HELIOSAT method applied to derive surface solar irradiance from satellite images and shows examples of applications: The use of daylight in buildings, the generation of correlated time series of solar irradiance and temperature as input data for simulations of solar energy systems and a short-term forecast of solar irradiance which can be used in intelligent building control techniques. Finally an outlook is given on potential improvements expected from the next generation of European meteorological satellites Meteosat Second Generation (MSG).     

Investigation of joint clearances in a large-scale flexible solar array system

This paper is concerned with the effect of joint clearances in a large-scale flexible solar array system. The adopted solar array system is introduced and dynamics equation of the solar array system is presented by the Jourdain velocity variation principle firstly. Then detection of clearance contact and calculation of contact force are discussed. And finally the effect of joint clearances on the solar array system is studied in detail during the deployment process. Simulation results indicate that joint clearances will affect dynamic behaviors of the deployable mast, the container and the sub-panels in the solar array system. Furthermore, the presented method and simulation result have innovation and reference value for future researches.     

基于图像处理的太阳光矢量倾角测量方法

为了提高在轨太阳光谱辐射的绝对定标精度,提出了太阳光矢量和太阳光谱仪主光轴夹角的测量方法。以图像处理技术为基础,构造了太阳光矢量和太阳光谱仪主光轴夹角的测量系统。入射的太阳光经在成像器件上成像,然后经过图像处理,获取了太阳光像点中心的位置,进而计算了太阳光矢量和与太阳光谱仪主光轴的倾角。实验表明测量方法是有效的,测量系统工作可靠稳定,测量精度约为0.05°。     

微重力空间下微纳遥感卫星太阳翼构型仿真分析

针对微纳遥感卫星从技术试验阶段到业务化应用的转型发展,如何缓解其能量来源的受限条件,获取更高的太阳能充电效能,对微纳遥感卫星未来星座构建的发展需求有重要作为。通过设计不同构型的微纳卫星太阳翼,构造太阳电池阵列的仿真模型,根据太阳能电池阵列在微重力空间下的工作特性,仿真分析微重力空间下不同构型太阳翼的充电性能和充电效率,并对不同构型的使用性能进行了分析比较,结果表明,选择最优太阳翼构型能够为微纳遥感卫星提供更好的能源和动力支撑,为后续微纳遥感卫星开展更多商业应用提供有效参考。     

Cover: Detection of oil spills near offshore installations using synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

The number of sunspots is characterized by a long-term temporal variation, reaching its maximum or its minimum approximately every 11 years (the solar cycle). This variation, in turn, has an effect in terms of variation in the global climate. Since 1979, the use of satellite-borne radiometers has enabled accurate measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI). For instance, the sunspot numbers that are scaled to correspond to Nimbus-7 TSI observations for 1979–1993 show little long-term trend. However, while the observations of different extremes of the solar cycle, which are available from 1749, seem irregular in time and magnitude and difficult to quantify, they appear to have a strong correlation between them when they are sorted pairwise according to their size rather than sequentially in time. A similar relation holds among the solar cycle lengths (periods) and the solar cycle extremes, which, in parallel, obey a linear relation that is reminiscent of the Gutenberg–Richter seismic law. This can be used for a probabilistic approach to forecast solar parameters that are connected to global climate.

Based on the reasonable assumption that the basic parameters like extremes and length of the 11-year solar cycle are associated with the energy oscillating between the dipolar and quadrupolar phases of the cycle, it is concluded that these parameters obey a power-law distribution similar to that of the Gutenberg–Richter seismic law.

The question of whether solar activity is deterministically chaotic is also investigated by exploring the behaviour of the main characteristics of the 11-year solar cycle. This is done by constructing return maps of solar cycle strength and duration, which seem to take the familiar up–down U shape, implying both non-linearity and re-injection. The results suggest that there might exist a coupling between two or three different non-linear deterministic dynamical systems on the Sun, depending on which variable of the solar cycle is being considered.     

Back-up electrical power needs for residential solar water heaters

Increasing prices for electricity have resulted in a rapidly growing demand for residential solar water heating systems. Most of the solar systems being sold and installed include an electrical powered back-up heater for use during sustained periods of low solar insolation, or periods of excessive hot water use. This electrical back-up use has prompted some utilities to consider establishing very high rates for owners of solar systems. The purpose of this paper is to report on a study to simulate a typical solar installation and determine the probability that back-up power will be needed at the time the utility experiences its peak load. The result of this computer study for one geographic area provides a quantitative basis to show that there is little justification for charging solar water heater owners higher rates than other residential customers.     

太阳自动追踪系统研究

介绍了一种太阳自动追踪系统控制部位的方案,包括硬件设计和软件设计。该方案由单片机接收太阳偏离角度的数据,发送控制指令给交流伺服电机。两个交流伺服电机分别控制太阳能电池的方向角和仰角,完成对太阳的实时追踪。     

基于MC9S08AW60太阳能电池太阳跟踪装置设计

讨论一种太阳能电池太阳跟踪装置的设计,以提高太阳能电池的光能转化效率。采用光电传感器及两轴控制方式,单片机根据对称位置光电传感器的比较输出控制两轴步进电机水平和俯仰方向的转动,直至对称位置光强相等时,太阳光垂直投射太阳能电池。此系统同时考虑节能及防台风安全措施。     

太阳位置传感器设计

传感器是跟踪型太阳能装置中一种重要的电子元器件,它直接影响太阳能的利用效率。通过介绍太阳运行规律,结合目前常用的太阳跟踪方案,提出了一种跟踪方案,并由此设计了具有能主动搜索太阳位置的大范围、高精度的太阳位置光电传感器,完成了其机械结构、电路设计,详细阐述了传感器的工作原理及性能,最后通过仿真分析验证了传感器设计的正确性,为同类型设计提供借鉴。     

轻质太阳能汽车结构的有限元分析与优化

节能和环保是世界汽车技术发展的趋势,许多学者正在研究采用新能源替代污染大而且日益紧缺的石油原料,太阳能汽车的开发也就成为当今汽车研究的热点之一。有限元分析技术是进行结构强度、刚度及动态响应分析的有力工具,该文对一太阳能汽车的车架及电池板覆盖面骨架进行了有限元建模,并对其进行多种典型工况下的静态和动态分析,对其中强度和刚度薄弱的部位进行改进与优化,并使之达到了设计要求。该文提出了一套提高太阳能车结构性能的优化方案,具有较明显的效果,对于太阳能车结构分析和优化提供了可借鉴的方法。     

一种太阳能传感器网络的自适应休眠调度算法

通过从外界获取太阳能,传感器网络节点的能量限制得到缓解。提出一种太阳能传感器网络的自适应休眠调度算法。当观测场景从区域观测到目标跟踪转变时,节点自适应地转换活跃和休眠状态,同时剩余能量低于能量阈值的休眠节点从外界获取太阳能。与不考虑太阳能获取的休眠调度算法相比,提出的算法延长了网络生命周期。