先天性肺支气管囊肿51例外科治疗

目的 提高先天性肺内支气管囊肿的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗水平。方法 回顾分析51例外科治疗的先天性肺支气管囊肿患的有关临床资料。结果 40例术后症状消失，9例轻度咳嗽、咳痰，1例1年后发生肺部感染合并充血性心衰，1例肺囊肿癌变，行术后化疗，现已存活4年。51例随访8个月至5年无复发。结论 手术可明确诊断，缓解症状，防止并发症，是治疗的最佳方法。     

先天性多发性支气管囊肿

患，男性，64岁．刺激眭干咳1年伴消瘦、乏力、盗汗。无咯血及发热史。胸片显示双下肺纹理增多．右下肺片影(图1)，胸部CT示右下肺后基底段5×4cm。圆形空计可(图2)．内有液平面．壁厚薄不匀，周边可见支气管扩张形成的囊状透亮影及模糊片影，纵隔、肺门淋巴结肿大不明显，右下胸膜增厚。CT印象：右下肺后基底段空洞考虑结核性空洞继发感染，右下支气管扩张合并感染。     

纵隔支气管囊肿1例

病例摘要 男,60岁,发热、咳嗽、咳痰10天,加重3天入院,患者10天前受凉后出现发热,伴咳嗽、咳白粘痰,未正规治疗.3天前患者咳嗽、咳痰症状加重,为黄粘痰,每日痰量约80 ml,持续发热,且体温较前明显升高,最高39℃,无寒战,来我院就诊门诊以"右肺门占位伴阻塞性肺炎"收入院.入院查体:T:37.5℃,P:86次/分,R:22次/分,BP:111/53 mmHg,神志清楚,全身浅表淋巴结未及肿大,全身皮肤粘膜无黄染,无皮疹及出血.口唇无紫绀,咽部充血,双侧扁桃体无红肿,甲状腺无肿大,无触痛,右下肺叩诊稍实音,右下肺呼吸音减弱,可及细湿啰音.     

成人先天性支气管囊肿的诊断及治疗

１９７４年～１９９３年间，我院手术治疗２２例（男１４例，女８例）成人先天性支气管囊肿，年龄１１～６２岁，其中纵隔支气管囊肿１３例（５９．１％），肺内支气管囊肿９例（４０．９％）。２０例（９１％）囊肿症状包括：反复肺部感染、囊肿感染和食道压迫所致的吞咽困难。纵隔型以胸痛、胸闷为主要，而肺内型以肺部感染和胸痛为主。胸片示９０．９％的囊肿为单房、圆形，偶有不规则形、多房、气液平和囊壁钙化。手术切除是治疗的最佳方法，纵隔型１００％行囊肿摘除术，肺内型７７．８％行肺叶切除术。我们认为手术可明确诊断，缓解症状，防止并发症。     

46例先天性支气管肺囊肿误诊原因分析

目的：分析４６例先天性支气管肺囊肿的误诊原因，从中找出经验和教训，提高对本病的认识，以防误诊、误治。方法：收集手术后经病理证实的先天性支气管肺囊肿病例共９１例。结合临床及胸片Ｘ线表现进行分析，从中找出误诊原因。结果：９１例先天性支气管肺囊肿病例中误诊４６例占５０．５５％。其中误诊为肺结核者３０例（６５．２１％）、肺脓肿６例（１３．０４％）、肺癌４例（８．７％）肺大疱、１毁损肺、脓胸各２例（各占４．     

中央型支气管囊肿误诊纵隔淋巴结肿大1例

患者女性 ,5 6岁。因反复刺激性干咳九年余于2 0 0 0年 6月入院 ,既往史、家族史无特殊。入院检查 :生命体征均属于正常范围 ,口唇无紫绀 ,气管居中 ,心肺阴性 ,胸片示双肺纹理增多 ,双肺野未见占位性病变。胸腔 CT示双肺未见实质性病变 ,纵隔内气管隆突后下见肿大淋巴结 ,大小约 2 .2 cm 3.0 cm(图 1)。考虑纵隔肿瘤或肺外肿瘤纵隔淋结转移。为明确诊断行多项检查 :肿瘤五项指标 (AFP、CEA、SF、CA19- 9、CA5 0 )均在正常范围 :多次痰细胞学阴性 ;肝胆胰脾及乳腺检查均正常范围 ;胸腔 MRI示气管隆突右后方见卵圆形肿块呈长 T1、长 …     

支气管囊肿50例分析

对手术和病理证实的支气管囊肿50例临床资料作一分析。结果表明纵膈型27例(54％)、肺内型23例946％)。有14例术前误诊为纵膈肿瘤或其它肺部疾病,误诊率为28％。本组无1例在病理上发现囊壁癌变现象。我们认为支气管囊肿在临床上呈不典型表现时易被误诊,值得重视。一旦明确诊断,应采取外科手术治疗。     

先天性支气管囊肿的临床及病理分析

目的 探讨先天性支气管囊肿的临床及病理特点。方法 回顾性分析我院1997年1月至2002年1月经手术切除病理证实的30例先天性支气管囊肿患的临床及病理资料。结果 根据x线胸片、胸部CT检查结果,本组患病灶肺内型23例、纵隔型5例、异位型2例。其中液囊肿18例、气囊肿7例、多发肺囊肿5例。肺内型多以并发感染就诊,其中19例表现为咳嗽、咳痰,2例伴发热,11例表现为咯血或痰中带血,11例有不同程度的胸痛;CT特征为囊腔大、周围软组织少的“块中囊”,或薄壁的空腔、多发性蜂窝状、囊腔状环行透光影。纵隔型2例于体检时偶然发现,2例因囊肿压迫气管而出现胸闷、呼吸困难,1例压迫食管而出现吞咽梗塞感;CT特点为边界清楚、密度一致的孤立性圆形或卵圆形阴影,与周围器官组织相互挤压变形。异位型2例均于体表扪及囊性包块就诊。病理检查：镜下均可见假复层纤毛柱状上皮、腺体、软骨、弹力纤维和少量平滑肌。结论 先天性支气管囊肿以肺内型为多,临床表现主要为咳嗽、咳痰及咯血,cT检查以块中囊为其特征性表现;组织病理学检查均具备呼吸上皮、腺体、软骨和平滑肌。手术切除是治疗的最佳方案。     

纵隔支气管囊肿39例临床分析

目的 :总结纵隔支气管囊肿行囊肿切除术的治疗经验和体会。方法 :1970年至 2 0 0 0年为3 9例纵隔支气管囊肿患者实施囊肿切除术。年龄 12 0岁～ 60 0岁 (中位数 45 0岁 )。影像学检查在术前非常重要。结果 :术后随访 10年以上者 2 0例 ,5年以上者 17例 ,2例失访 ,无复发病例。结论 :囊肿切除术为治疗纵隔支气管囊肿的最佳治疗方式     

Left-sided gallbladder associated with congenital liver cyst

Background. A left-sided gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly defined as a gallbladder attached to the lower surface of the left lateral segment of the liver, i.e. to the left of the interlobar fissure and round ligament. Case outlines. In two women aged 42 and 70 years a left-sided gallbladder was associated with a congenital cyst of the liver. In the first patient, the ectopic gallbladder was an incidental finding at operation for a symptomatic liver cyst; as the gallbladder was normal it was not removed. The second patient underwent operation for chronic calculous cholecystitis, when the left-sided gallbladder and congenital liver cyst were found. An operative cholangiogram was normal, the cystic duct joining the common bile duct from the right side. The gallbladder was removed, and the cyst was de-roofed. Both patients had an uneventful recovery and remain symptom-free at 12 and 9 years respectively. Discussion. To the best of our knowledge, the association of these two congenital anomalies has not been described previously.     

纵隔胸腺囊肿的外科治疗

目的探讨纵隔胸腺囊肿的临床表现、诊断及鉴别诊断、病理特征和外科治疗,以提高临床诊治水平。方法回顾分析我院1980～2008年经病理证实的27例外科治疗的纵隔胸腺囊肿的相关临床资料,并复习文献,总结临床经验。结果27例中男16例,女11例;年龄11～69岁,平均43岁。约66．7％的纵隔胸腺囊肿患者就诊时有症状,术前确诊2例,所有病例均完整切除,8例采用胸腔镜,术中和术后无并发症及死亡,22例随诊4个月～28年无复发。结论纵隔胸腺囊肿首选外科手术切除,可去除病灶,消除症状,明确诊断。诊断依据术后病理检查。     

先天性胆总管扩张症38例分析

目的 研究胆总管扩张症的正确诊断与治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1985年1月至2004年1月我科手术治疗的38例先天性胆总管扩张症患者的资料，术后平均随访50个月。结果 行胆总管十二指肠吻合术2例，胆总管空肠Roux—Y吻合术9例，行胆总管扩张部切除加肝总管空肠Roux—Y吻合术27例；术后胆瘘3例，胰瘘并腹腔出血各1例，无手术死亡。结论 胆总管扩张部切除加胆肠Roux—Y吻合是本病的主要治疗方法，疗效好，局限性肝内胆管扩张可行部分肝叶切除术。     

Multiple early bile duct carcinoma associated with congenital choledochal cyst

Emergency ultrasonography showed a protruding tumor in the markedly dilated common bile duct of a 33-year-old Japanese woman. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography also demonstrated the tumor clearly, almost as clearly as did percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. With a diagnosis of common bile duct carcinoma associated with congenital choledochal cyst, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. In the resected specimen, as well as the protruding tumor, there was also a small slightly elevated lesion. Pathology examination showed adenocarcinoma limited to the fibromuscular layer in the protruding tumor, and adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosa in the elevated lesion. Prophylactic total excision of the choledochal cyst before the occurrence of malignant change is strongly recommended in patients with congenital choledochal cyst. However, in those who are reluctant to undergo the operation, periodic follow-up with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography would be ideal to achieve early detection of malignant change. (Received May 9, 1997; accepted Sept. 26, 1997)     

Long-term survival with carcinoma arising from a congenital choledochal cyst

We report a case of 11-year survival with carcinoma arising from a congenital choledochal cyst. A 34-year-old Japanese woman was admitted due to epigastric discomfort. Ultrasonography revealed a choledochal cyst involving a polypoid tumor. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed pancreaticobiliary maljunction in which the main pancreatic duct joined the dilated common bile duct 2 cm above the papilla of Vater. A choledochal cyst containing a polypoid tumor was resected with the regional lymph nodes. Grossly, a 2×2-cm papillary tumor was noted in the posterior wall of the choledochal cyst. Microscopically, the tumor was well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma invading the mucosa and fibromuscular layer. Neither anticancer chemotherapy nor radiotherapy was performed. The patient recovered uneventfully after the operation and has been well for 11 years without evidence of recurrent cancer. The good results in this patient may have been due to the early stage of the cancer.     

成人纵隔淋巴结结核16例临床分析

目的探讨纵隔淋巴结结核的临床表现。方法总结自1999年1月~2004年12月收治并确诊为成人纵隔淋巴结结核的16例患者的临床症状、体征、辅助检查及诊断要点。结果16例患者中,男10例,女6例,年龄22~63岁,平均41.25±21.2岁。诊断依据是16例患者有不同程度发热、咳嗽、消瘦、乏力等结核中毒症状。8例(50%)有浅表淋巴结肿大,活检或穿刺病理确诊。16例经胸部CT扫描,肿大淋巴结位于右纵隔8例,左纵隔4例,双侧纵隔4例,12例行增强CT扫描有环形强化表现,占75%,其中2例合并腹膜后淋巴结亦呈环形强化表现。13例行PPD试验(5u)的患者中有12例(92.3%)阳性(8例强阳性,2例中度阳性,2例弱阳性),仅1例阴性。血沉12例增快,4例正常。12例经病理确诊,其中7例淋巴结活检病理证实,1例经淋巴结穿刺病理证实,1例经胸腔镜活检病理证实,1例经支气管镜TBLT活检病理证实,1例经纵隔镜活检病理证实。1例误诊为食道平滑肌瘤而手术病理为肉芽肿改变,凝固性坏死,经验性抗结核治疗有效明确诊断。结论成人纵隔淋巴结结核少见,并易误诊为其它疾病,但结合临床仔细体检发现浅表肿大淋巴结并活检,胸部增强CT扫描有环形强化,结合结核毒血症状、PPD试验和血沉等指标诊断并不困难。疑难病人可行纵隔镜或胸腔镜病理活检明确诊断。     

先天性脊柱侧凸合并高肩胛症的手术治疗

目的探讨儿童先天性脊柱侧凸合并高肩胛症的手术治疗方法。方法在我院住院手术治疗的先天性脊柱侧凸合并高肩胛症患者9例,术前行脊柱正侧位片及脊柱螺旋CT检查。位于脊柱凸侧的高肩胛症一期行肩胛下移及脊柱侧凸矫形手术,位于脊柱凹侧的高肩胛症由于脊柱上胸段侧凸不著而暂未行脊柱矫形手术,仅行肩胛下移术。术后间隔3个月到半年复查。结果随访检查显示脊柱侧凸进展得以控制,高肩胛症无复发,患者术后无因下移肩胛骨及矫正脊柱侧凸引起的神经症状。结论先天性脊柱侧凸可合并高肩胛症,对于脊柱凸侧合并高肩胛症行脊柱侧凸矫正手术同时行肩胛下移手术,对于脊柱凹侧合并高肩胛症行肩胛下移术,取得了很好的治疗效果。     

Surgical treatment of liver hydatid cyst before autologous stem cell transplantation; presentation of two cases with literature review

Hydatid cyst, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a parasitic disease which is frequently seen in endemic areas. The disease can be seen as an isolated entity or simultaneously with other diseases. Treatment of hydatid cyst in patients with malignancy as well as in patients in need of transplantation is still unclear. Although there is information in the form of case reports, a large number of patient data are needed to create a consensus on the management of these patients. We reviewed two cases with the need of autologuous stem cell transplantation which underwent liver hydatic cystectomy before transplantation.