肝胆管结石伴高位胆管狭窄的外科治疗

我们于1989－1998年共收治肝胆管结石108例，其中伴肝胆管高位胆管狭窄62例，均经外科手术、纤维胆道镜取石和中药排石等综合治疗，获得满意的疗效，报告如下。     

肝胆管结石并狭窄的外科治疗研究

目的　探讨肝胆管结石并狭窄外科治疗的有效方式。方法　总结６８ 例肝胆管结石并狭窄病人的诊疗结果、经验和体会。联合运用肝叶切除、狭窄胆管切开整形、胆肠吻合、盲袢置于皮下为主的方式方法治疗。结果　术后残留结石１７ 例，无死亡，随访５６ 例，随访时间１ － １０ 年，优良率８８．４２％ ，差者４ ．７３ ％ ，效果满意。结论　充分把握病情，合理选用并联合运用不同的方法是本病治疗的最佳选择。     

肝胆管结石合并肝门部胆管狭窄的诊断和治疗

目的 总结肝胆管结石合并肝门部胆管狭窄诊治的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析l12例临床病例的定位诊断、术式选择、合并症、并发症及随访情况。结果 术前检查行B超l12例(准确率73．8％)，CT 74例(准确率86．5％)，PTC 31例(准确率93．5％)，ERCP 41例(准确率92．6％)，MRCP 28例(准确率96．4％)。全组均采取肝方叶切除，肝胆管切开取石、整形，高位胆肠吻合术进行治疗。术后并发症发生率10．75％，残石率18．7％，结石复发率为5．4％，优良率90．1％。结论 (1)，MRCP是肝胆管结石合并肝门部胆管狭窄术前定位诊断的最佳方法。(2)肝方叶切除是治疗肝胆管结石合并肝门部胆管狭窄的有效手段。(3)重视肝门部狭窄胆管的处理是提高疗效的关键。     

多发性肝胆管结石及狭窄的外科治疗

目的探讨肝段切除与胆管切开取石术治疗肝胆管结石的临床效果.方法回顾性分析316例肝内胆管结石及狭窄的外科治疗情况.其中采用肝段切除为主治疗172例,采用胆管切开为主144例.结果肝段切除组其残石率、再手术率明显低于胆管切开组(P<0.05),其优良率肝段切除组明显高于胆管切开组(P<0.05).结论重视术前诊断和准备,采取以肝段切除为主,合理选择胆肠吻合术是治疗肝胆管结石的最佳方式.     

肝胆管盆空肠吻合术治疗肝胆管结石并狭窄

肝胆管盆空肠吻合术治疗肝胆管结石并狭窄云南省玉溪地区医院普外科（６５３１００）张国礼，张竣，徐欣，李礼，何涛肝胆管结石合并胆管狭窄的治疗仍是当前胆道外科的难题，既往胆总管切开取石术后，肝内外胆管残石率和再手术率都较高。自１９９１年以来，本院采用高位胆...     

高位胆管损伤性狭窄致肝胆管结石的治疗

胆管损伤对于肝胆外科医生而言,不仅是一个永恒的话题,而且是一个无法回避的现实.除少数损伤由肝脏手术和上消化道手术引起,超过90％的损伤是由腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)引起,其中左右肝管汇合部及以上水平的胆管损伤被习惯称为高位胆管损伤.高位胆管损伤临床诊治困难,即使经各种初期修复手术治疗,部分病人总体治疗效果不佳,如何正确运用外科原则和技术处理此类病人后期因胆道狭窄和胆道感染、造成的复杂肝内胆管结石,避免胆汁性肝硬化及门静脉高压并发症的发生,在临床工作中具有积极意义.     

结石性肝胆管狭窄的外科处理

１９８０年以来对结石必肝胆管狭窄９１例，根据肝胆管狭窄不同情况采取肝胆管切开置管扩张术，带蒂胆囊壁片修复，肝胆管盆与空肠吻合及肝叶切除等多种术式，相应处理，获得良好的效果。     

肝内胆管结石并肝胆管狭窄的外科治疗

报道外科手术治疗肝内胆管结石３０１例．其中合并胆管狭窄１８４例．占６１．１３％。诊断靠ＰＴＣ、ＥＲＣＰ、ＢＵＳ、ＣＴ，术中胆道造影及术后经Ｔ管或Ｕ管造影。采用狭窄段胆管整形、胆肠吻合、肝部分切除术、高位胆管扩张后Ｕ管支撑等术式治疗。住院病死率为２．６６％。术后随访１～２０年，随访率为９４．２０％。随访结果属优者占７４．６４％；良者占２４．２７％；死亡３例（占１．０９％）；死亡原因为感染性休克。     

胆道镜微创技术联合常规手术治疗肝胆管结石合并狭窄

目的探讨肝胆管结石及狭窄常规手术治疗结合胆道镜微创技术以改善疗效、降低手术残石率及最终残石率的方法。方法对1981年11月～2004年12月收治的1076例肝胆管结石合并胆管狭窄的患者分别在术前、术中、术后采用胆道镜治疗（包括膜状狭窄胆管的扩张治疗），并根据术中胆道镜探查结果指导手术方式。手术分别采用或组合应用肝门部胆管切开成型术、肝叶切除术（包括肝叶、肝段、契形、不规则切除术）、肝实质切开取石术、胆肠吻合术（含皮下空肠盲襻）、肝内胆管引流术、肝内外胆管U形管引流术、胆总管T管引流术等术式。术后采用胆道镜取除残石、术后胆道镜介入下微创技术包括等离子体冲击波碎石、狭窄胆管球囊导管扩张、狭窄胆管微波切开治疗等。结果对带有T管的拟手术的4例肝内外胆管广泛结石患者，术前应用胆道镜治疗，手术费时少，术后较早拔除了T管。应用术中胆道镜，取除残留结石、扩张膜状狭窄胆管、指导术式选择，使手术残石率由78．0％（409／524）降低为24．4％（128／524）。术后经胆道镜取石治疗，最终残石率为2．4％（26／1076），其中17例胆管狭窄，经胆道镜球囊导管扩张治疗，狭窄胆管均有不同程度的扩张；15例胆管狭窄，经胆道镜微波切开治疗，狭窄得以解除；25例巨大的或嵌顿性残石，经胆道镜等离子体冲击波碎石，结石取净。结论肝胆管结石及狭窄常须手术联合胆道镜微创技术才能达到理想的疗效。术中胆道镜的应用有利于手术方法的正确选择，既可有效减少手术残石，又能减少手术创伤；术后胆道镜及胆道镜介入下的微创治疗直接关系到肝胆管结石及胆管狭窄的最终治疗效果，应争取常规应用。     

皮下通道型胆囊肝胆管成形术治疗肝胆管结石和胆管狭窄的中远期疗效观察

目的 考察皮下通道型胆囊肝胆管成形术（STHG）治疗肝胆管结石及胆管狭窄的中、远期疗效。方法 对该院1994年12月至2000年6月期间行STHG手术的59例患者的术后中、远期并发症进行统计分析，结果 STHG的术后并发症发生率较低，而且并发症的种类也较少；本组病例术后无返流性胆管炎的表现，也无胃肠道功能紊乱和吻合口溃疡发生。STHG既保存了胆囊及Oddi括约肌功能，又保证了胆汁的生理流向，还能防止肠液的返流，从而避免了术后功能紊乱和返流性胆管炎的发生，是一种较为理想的治疗肝胆管结石和肝门部胆管狭窄的术式。     

53例右肝管狭窄及结石的外科治疗

高位右肝管狭窄及结石手术治疗困难,手术后疗效差,一般多由于未解除肝管狭窄,未去除肝内病灶所致.现报告我院1991年1月～1994年4月经手术治疗肝胆管结石80例,除单纯左肝管结石27例外,右肝肝管结石及左右肝管结石53例.本组病例多复杂,40例既往有1～4次手术史.影象诊断显示单纯右肝管结石10例,左右侧肝管结石43例.合并肝门胆管狭窄34例,其中三管汇合区狭窄24例,右肝管狭窄10例,右肝管异位开口左肝管4例.文中讨论了53例右肝管结石的不同术式,术后无死亡,52例经半年～4年随访,优者33例(63.6%),良16例(30%),差3例.对疗效差的原因作分析,强调了右肝管结石的基本治疗原则.     

Management of Post-Cholecystectomy Benign Bile Duct Strictures: Review

Cholecystectomy is one of the common surgical procedure performed across the world and bile duct injury is a dreaded complication. The present review addresses the classification of injuries, preoperative preparation and evaluation of these patients and appropriate timing of surgery. A detailed preoperative evaluation combined with a meticulous wide anastomosis by experienced surgeons is the key in achieving long term success. Vascular injuries and its consequences on repair and outcome is also reviewed. Long term results of surgical repair and quality of life in these patients are excellent     

肝胆管结石640例外科治疗及随访结果分析

探讨肝内胆管结石手术及疗效及其影响因素。方法总结了１９８４年６月至１９９８年１２月手术治疗的肝内胆管结石６４０例。其中左肝管、右肝管和左右肝管结石分别为２６９例（４２．１％）１２４例（１９．３％）和２４７例（３８．５％）。３５７例合并胆管狭窄,占５６．０％,２７６例行肝叶或肝段切除术治疗,占４３．１％。结果手术死亡１４例,手术病死率为２．２％,术后残石率２９．８％。肝切除术后残石率（７．８％）明显     

Adenomyoma of the Common Hepatic Duct Mimicking Bile Duct Cancer: Report of a Case

We report an unusual case of adenomyoma of the common hepatic duct mimicking bile duct cancer. A 50-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the investigation of general fatigue. Laboratory data showed abnormal liver test results and computed tomography showed a mass lesion in the hepatic hilum and dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. These findings led to a preoperative diagnosis of hilar bile duct carcinoma, and we performed a left lobectomy with resection of the extrahepatic bile duct. Macroscopically, an elevated lesion was found in the common hepatic duct, which was confirmed histologically to be an adenomyoma. Bile duct strictures are rarely caused by benign tumors of the biliary tract, such as adenomyoma. Surgical resection of the bile duct should be considered for all bile duct strictures because it is often difficult to differentiate malignant from benign lesions in this location preoperatively, and malignant cells may be present in the lesion.     

Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor Mimicking Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Report of a Case

Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a relatively rare lesion comprised of proliferating fibrovascular tissue infiltrated by inflammatory cells. IPT has a potential for recurrence and persistent local growth. We present a case of hepatic IPT mimicking a periductal-infiltrating type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in a patient whose serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was slightly elevated. We performed a left hepatic lobectomy with resection of the extrahepatic bile duct and regional lymph node dissection under a preoperative diagnosis of ICC. However, histlogical examination of the resected tumor revealed granuloma tissue with lymphocyte infiltration, mainly by plasma cells, and proliferation into the surrounding connective tissue, and the lesion was ultimately diagnosed as hepatic IPT. This case points out the difficulties in differentiating between hepatic IPT extending along Glisson's sheath and ICC, based on imaging findings alone.     

原发性胆管结石的外科治疗

本文报道301例原发性胆管结石分别采用胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术209例，（69．4％）；同时行肝部分切除72例，（23．9％）；左／右肝管肝总管空肠吻合56例，（18．6％），行肝部分切除28例，（9．3％）；肝外左、右肝管汇合部切开＋原位整形＋T管引流术36例，（12％），行肝部分切除7例，（2．3％）。全组共行肝部分切除术107例，（35．5％）。结果表明：术后出现吻合口胆漏3例，吻合口出血1例，伤口感染等19例，总并发症发生率7．6％。死亡2例，（0．7％）。随访5年以上268例，随访率89％。疗效优良率为256例，（95．5％）。术后残石率15例，（5％）。提示加强术前诊断与准备，选用肝部分切除＋胆肠大口径侧侧吻合可提高疗效，减少残石率和并发症。     

变异右肝管横跨与左肝管汇合的解剖学特点和临床意义

目的探讨变异右肝管横跨与左肝管汇合的解剖学特点和临床意义。方法回顾性分析经胆道影像学检出的52例变异右肝管横跨与左肝管汇合病例的临床经过和手术情况，并对其中部分特殊病例进行了随访。结果变异右肝管结石[60．52％（23／38）]和左肝管结石[86．84％（33／38）]的比例较高，伴随的胆管扩张和狭窄也较多见。变异导致的胆汁流体力学紊乱和血管鞘压迫可能是感染和结石高发的原因。变异右肝管的结石漏诊率为34．78％（8／23），结石残留比例高达86．95％（20／23）。1例在行左半肝切除时不慎将变异右肝管切断。结论变异右肝管横跨与左肝管汇合有易发生肝内胆管结石的倾向，其诊断治疗有其特殊性及困难性，应引起临床重视。     

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Mimicking Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor

A 50-year-old male with hepatitis B was referred for a small intrahepatic nodule. Magnetic resonance images raised strong suspicion of a benign lesion, such as an inflammatory pseudotumor, while the other radiological studies were equivocal. Furthermore, the high-intensity image on diffusion magnified-weighted imaging with a low B value strongly suggested a benign tumor. In spite of the absence of typical clinical or radiological findings, needle biopsy revealed an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The diagnosis of peripheral ICC rich in fibrous tissue seems to require needle biopsy for pathological examination with immunohistochemical staining because it frequently mimics other diseases, including benign tumors.     

Prognosis of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Hilar Bile Duct Cancer versus Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Involving the Hepatic Hilus

Background Clinically hepatobiliary resection is indicated for both hilar bile duct cancer (BDC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma involving the hepatic hilus (CCC). The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of BDC and CCC. Methods Between 1990 and 2004, we surgically treated 158 consecutive patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. The clinicopathological data on all of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results The overall 3-year survival rate, 5-year survival rate, and median survival time for BDC patients were 48.4%, 38.4 %, and 33.7 months, respectively, and 35.8%, 24.5 %, and 22.7 months, respectively, in CCC patients (P = .033). On multivariate analysis, three independent factors were related to longer survival in BDC patients: achieved in curative resection with cancer free margin (R0) (P = .024, odds ratio 1.862), well differentiated or papillary adenocarcinoma (P = .011, odds ratio 2.135), and absence of lymph node metastasis (P < .001, odds ratio 3.314). Five factors were related to longer survival in CCC patients: absence of intrahepatic daughter nodules (P < .001, odds ratio 2.318), CEA level ≤2.9 ng/mL (P = .005, odds ratio 2.606), no red blood cell transfusion requirement (P = .016, odds ratio 2.614), absence or slight degree of lymphatic system invasion (P < .001, odds ratio 4.577), and negative margin of the proximal bile duct (P = .003, odds ratio 7.398). Conclusions BDC and CCC appear to have different prognoses after hepatobiliary resection. Therefore, differentiating between these two categories must impact the prediction of postoperative survival in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. T. Sano is currently with: Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.