Heraclitus: A Framework for Semantic Web Adaptation

The World Wide Web's constant growth and transformation offers great opportunities - and poses many challenges for exploitation. The semantic Web has emerged as a possible answer to these challenges by offering an approach in organizing and sharing the Web, but it doesn't explicitly consider user needs and requirements. Heraclitus is a framework for semantic Web adaptation in which user needs and requirements are the driving force, using text and Web usage mining to support Web site ontology and topology evolution. The result is improved user interaction with the semantic Web     

语义网

语义网WWW使得人们获取信息和指定服务的主要源泉发生了重要转变。然而,当前Web网仅仅是面向人的。目前,大部分Web网是一种人机系统。如果要从Web网得到什么,必须输入一个统一资源定位器(URL)地址,打开一个收藏地址,使用搜索引擎等等。机器可以理解的信息:语义Web与此相反,语义     

TAP: A Semantic Web Test-bed

In this paper, we describe TAP, an experimental system for identifying and researching many different of the different technical issues that lie on the path to achieving the vision of the Semantic Web. In particular, we address the issues of scalable query languages, sharing vocabularies, bootstrap knowledge bases, automated extraction of RDF from text and applications of the Semantic Web.     

The Semantic Web: Collective Intelligence on the Web

The World Wide Web has turned hypertext into a success story by enabling world-wide sharing of unstructured information and informal knowledge. The Semantic Web targets the sharing of structured information and formal knowledge pursuing objectives of achieving collective intelligence on the Web. Germane to the structure of the Semantic Web is a layering and standardization of concerns. These concerns are reflected by an architecture of the Semantic Web that we present through a common use case. Semantic Web data for the use case is now found on the Web and is part of a quickly growing set of Semantic Web resources available for formal processing.     

A Semantic Matchmaker for Ranking Web Services

This paper is concerned with the matchmaker for ranking web services by using semantics. So far several methods of semantic matchmaker have been proposed. Most of them, however, focus on classifying the services into predefined categories rather than providing a ranking result. In this paper, a new method of semantic matchmaker is proposed for ranking web services. It is proposed to use the semantic distance for estimating the matching degree between a service and a user request. Four types of semantic distances are defined and four algorithms are implemented respectively to calculate them. Experimental results show that the proposed semantic matchmaker significantly outperforms the keyword based baseline method.     

SemWebDL: A privacy-preserving Semantic Web infrastructure for digital libraries

Recent advances in digital libraries have been closely intertwined with advances in Internet technologies. With the advent of the Web, digital libraries have been able to reach constituencies previously unanticipated. Because of the wide deployability of Web-accessible digital libraries, the potential for privacy violations has also grown tremendously. The much touted Semantic Web, with its agent, service, and ontology technologies, is slated to take the Web to another qualitative level in advances. Unfortunately, these advances may also open doors for privacy violations in ways never seen before. We propose a Semantic Web infrastructure, called SemWebDL, that enables the dynamic composition of disparate and autonomous digital libraries while preserving user privacy. In the proposed infrastructure, users will be able to pose more qualitative queries that may require the ad hoc collaboration of multiple digital libraries. In addition to the Semantic Web-based infrastructure, the quality of the response would rest on extraneous information in the form of a profile. We introduce the concept of communities to enable subject-based cooperation and search speedup. Further, digital libraries heterogeneity and autonomy are transcended by a layered Web-service-based infrastructure. Semantic Web-based digital library providers would advertise to Web services, which in turn are organized in communities accessed by users. For the purpose of privacy preservation, we devise a three-tier privacy model consisting of user privacy, Web service privacy, and digital library privacy that offers autonomy of perspectives for privacy definition and violation. We propose an approach that seamlessly interoperates with potentially conflicting privacy definitions and policies at the different levels of the Semantic Web-based infrastructure. A key aspect in the approach is the use of reputations for outsourcing Web services. A Web service reputation is associated with its behavior with regard to privacy preservation. We developed a technique that uses attribute ontologies and information flow difference to collect, evaluate, and disseminate the reputation of Web services.     

基于语义的Web服务体系结构

现有的基于XML的Web服务规范或标准没有提供足够的手段来描述Web服务,以支持发现、组合以及执行Web服务的一般机制.因此,分布的、异构的和动态变化的Web服务的交互会产生很多问题.为了更有效地适应Web服务的分布的、异构的、不断变化的特点,针对现有的SOA架构健壮性不强的问题,提出了基于语义的SOA.通过增加Web服务的语义描述,并以这种具有语义的描述来发布和发现Web服务.从而使这种架构不仅支持功能的匹配,而且还能支持实现最佳质量标准的匹配.     

基于语义的Web服务体系结构

现有的基于XML的Web服务规范或标准没有提供足够的手段来描述Web服务,以支持发现、组合以及执行Web服务的一般机制。因此,分布的、异构的和动态变化的Web服务的交互会产生很多问题。为了更有效地适应Web服务的分布的、异构的、不断变化的特点,针对现有的SOA架构健壮性不强的问题,提出了基于语义的SOA。通过增加Web服务的语义描述,并以这种具有语义的描述来发布和发现Web服务。从而使这种架构不仅支持功能的匹配,而且还能支持实现最佳质量标准的匹配。     

语义网与本体

深入了解了语义网的由来,研究语义网的结构,通过对Unicode和URI、XML+NS+XML Schema、RDF+RDF Schema、Ontology vocabulary 4个层次模型来铸造稳固的结构。将本体技术融入到语义网运行过程中,实现知识共享和交换的目标。     

A Chinese time ontology for the Semantic Web

Representation of and reasoning with temporal knowledge are fundamental in information systems that involve changes and actions. To build such systems, a time ontology is demanded. The development of a time ontology is also an indispensable part of effort to realize the Semantic Web. Nevertheless, our practice shows that any practical time ontology is closely related with a specific calendar, culture or history. To this end, this paper presents a Chinese time ontology for knowledge systems and web services which involve temporal entities or temporal properties. First, we define a base time ontology. As a core component, it consists of a time system, a timing system, a Gregorian timing system, and a timing ontology. Upon this base ontology, other parts of the Chinese time ontology are finally constructed, including the traditional Chinese timing system, temporal representation in Chinese idiosyncratic ways, and transformation between temporal entities in the Gregorian timing system and temporal entities in the traditional Chinese timing system. We will argue that the base time ontology is not only a basic and integral part of the Chinese time ontology, but also a base for constructing other time ontologies.     

A Dynamic Foundational Architecture for Semantic Web Services

The combination of Web services and ontologies is gaining momentum as the potential silver bullets for tomorrows Web, i.e., the Semantic Web. We propose an architectural foundation for managing semantic Web services in dynamic environments. We introduce the concept of community to cater for an ontological organization of Web services. We develop an ontology called community ontology that serves as a template for describing communities of Web services. We also propose a peer-to-peer approach for managing communities in dynamic environments.     

NinSuna: a fully integrated platform for format-independent multimedia content adaptation and delivery using Semantic Web technologies

The current multimedia landscape is characterized by a significant heterogeneity in terms of coding and delivery formats, usage environments, and user preferences. The main contribution of this paper is a discussion of the design and functioning of a fully integrated platform for multimedia adaptation and delivery, called NinSuna. This platform is able to efficiently deal with the aforementioned heterogeneity in the present-day multimedia ecosystem, thanks to the use of format-agnostic adaptation engines (i.e., engines independent of the underlying coding format) and format-agnostic packaging engines (i.e., engines independent of the underlying delivery format). Moreover, NinSuna also provides a seamless integration between metadata standards and adaptation processes. Both our format-independent adaptation and packaging techniques rely on a model for multimedia bitstreams, describing the structural, semantic, and scalability properties of these multimedia streams. News sequences were used as a test case for our platform, enabling the user to select news fragments matching his/her specific interests and usage environment characteristics.     

OWLS-MX: A hybrid Semantic Web service matchmaker for OWL-S services

In this paper, we describe the first hybrid Semantic Web service matchmaker for OWL-S services, called OWLS-MX. It complements crisp logic-based semantic matching of OWL-S services with token-based syntactic similarity measurements in case the former fails. The results of the experimental evaluation of OWLS-MX provide strong evidence for the claim that logic-based semantic matching of OWL-S services can be significantly improved by incorporating non-logic-based information retrieval techniques. An additional analysis of false positives and false negatives of the hybrid matching filters of OWLS-MX led to an even further improved matchmaker version called OWLS-MX2.     

Constructing Consensus Ontologies for the Semantic Web: A Conceptual Approach

Organizational knowledge typically comes from numerous independent sources, each with its own semantics. This paper describes a methodology by which information from large numbers of such sources can be associated, organized, and merged. The hypothesis is that a multiplicity of ontology fragments, representing the semantics of the independent sources, can be related to each other automatically without the use of a global ontology. That is, any pair of ontologies can be related indirectly through a semantic bridge consisting of many other previously unrelated ontologies, even when there is no way to determine a direct relationship between them. The relationships among the ontology fragments indicate the relationships among the sources, enabling the source information to be categorized and organized. An evaluation of the methodology has been conducted by relating numerous small, independently developed ontologies for several domains. A nice feature of the methodology is that common parts of the ontologies reinforce each other, while unique parts are deemphasized. The result is a consensus ontology.