海上风电机组用N38SH永磁体在盐雾中的性能

针对风电机组在生命周期内始终受到盐雾、湿热环境影响的问题,研究了发电机中永磁体在海洋盐雾环境下的性能变化.通过盐雾腐蚀试验,模拟发电机用N38SH永磁体的服役环境,研究其在盐雾腐蚀条件下磁性能的变化,为海上风电机组永磁体的保护提供理论依据.试验结果表明,无论有无镀层保护,盐雾腐蚀将极大程度影响永磁体的磁性能,特别是在剩余磁感应强度和矫顽力等性能指标下降较多时,需要专门的保护措施.     

合金电子理论及其在钛合金研究中的应用

合金因具有密度小、比强度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优良的综合性能在航空航天领域得到越来越广泛的应用,相应地钛合金的理论研究也越来越必要。因此,综述合金电子理论发展现状,指出密度泛函理论和固体与分子经验电子理论的理论基础、计算方法及计算结果的区别与联系,列举出两种理论在钛合金研究中的应用情况。通过对比,给出上述两种理论在钛合金应用中各自的优缺点,展望合金电子理论在钛合金未来研究中的应用前景。     

铜薄膜作中间层的镁铝扩散焊接

采用磁控溅射技术在变形镁合金表面沉积铜薄膜,将其作为中间层对变形镁合金和硬铝合金进行了低温扩散焊接研究.利用超声波显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针等对焊接接头界面区域的显微结构及物相等进行了研究.研究结果表明,在镁合金基体上沉积的Cu薄膜主要以(111)、(200)晶向上生长,薄膜表面平整、均匀、致密;在扩散焊接工艺条件焊接温度T=455℃、保温时间t=90 min、压力P=3 MPa下获得了质量较好的Mg/Al焊接接头.焊接接头界面区域由铝镁原子比分别为3∶2,1∶1,12∶17三层镁铝系金属间化合物构成,接头断裂破坏发生在镁铝系化合物层,断口呈现明显的脆性断裂特征.     

铝合金化学镀镍磷合金结构和性能

针对质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的需要，以铝合金为基体材料，采用碱性和酸性双溶液体系化学镀镍磷合金．采用电子探针方法测定了镀层中镍磷含量，X衍射方法研究了热处理对镀层结构的影响，伏安法研究了热处理对镀层耐蚀性的影响．试验结果表明，热处理明显影响镀层的结构和耐蚀性，对于P含量为12．1％（质量）的镍磷合金镀层，经过200—250℃热处理后，晶化不明显但耐蚀等性能明显改善，可以用作质子交换膜燃料电池双极板．     

Ni基合金表面激光熔覆Co基合金的组织与性能

用同步送粉法，在Ni基合金表面上制取了Hoegan aes Co基合金（HMSP 2537）的激光熔覆层。利用金相显微镜，扫描电镜，X射线衍射仪，显微硬度计对熔覆层的组织，相结构，硬度进行了分析和测试。结果显示，熔覆层的不同区域组织及性能不均匀；激光输入功率增大，枝晶间距增大，硬度降低。     

铝合金化学镀镍磷合金结构和性能

针对质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的需要，以铝合金为基体材料，采用碱性和酸性双溶液体系化学镀镍磷合金.采用电子探针方法测定了镀层中镍磷含量，X衍射方法研究了热处理对镀层结构的影响，伏安法研究了热处理对镀层耐蚀性的影响.试验结果表明，热处理明显影响镀层的结构和耐蚀性，对于P含量为12.1%（质量）的镍磷合金镀层，经过200～250℃热处理后，晶化不明显但耐蚀等性能明显改善，可以用作质子交换膜燃料电池双极板.     

形状记忆合金迟滞模型

基于实验测试,结合Preisach理论研究了形状记忆合金(Shape memory alloy,SMA)丝驱动器的迟滞建模。首先,依赖于SMA材料受输入电压作用引起的温升变化诱发材料相变输出位移量,设计了SMA丝特性测试平台,记录了驱动过程中的输入、输出变化量,得到理论模型参数辨识的数据集合。然后,讨论了SMA丝的输入电压、温度变化与形状记忆效应产生的材料宏观位移间的迟滞关系。最后,引入Preisach理论,由推导的经典Preisach理论的修正形式和数值实现方法构造了SMA驱动器温度量和位移的迟滞模型。结果表明:与试验数据比较,Matlab环境仿真得到的SMA迟滞曲线,匹配性较好,为进一步的系统设计分析奠定了基础。     

Mold-filling ability of semisolid alloy

The mold-filling ability of the semisolid alloy has very important effects on the quality and properties of the work pieces produced by the semisolid forming process. The factorial experiments show that all of the heating factors, such as mold temperature, heating temperature and the keeping time of billets, have some effects on the mold-filling ability of semisolid alloy. According to the analysis of influencing extent on the filling ability, it is found that the most important one of the factors is the mold temperature instead of the billets temperature, the next one is the heating temperature of the billet, and the keeping time rows on the third. It is also found that there is an interrelation between the billet heating temperature and the mold temperature. The effect of the interrelation on the mold-filling ability is even stronger than the keeping time. The higher the mold temperature, heating temperature or the keeping time is, the better the mold-filling ability of the semisolid alloy is. The parameter to describe the mold-filling ability, defined as the maximum filling height alongthe upright direction or the maximum filling length along the horizontal direction, can be theoretically determined according to the flowing theory of viscous fuid.     

One-dimensional nano-structure of Cu-Zn-AI alloy

Cu-Zn-A1 alloy of one dimensional nano-structure was prepared and the structure of obtained nano-material was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was shown that there are non-linear oscillations on the surface of Cu-Zn-A1 alloy and the consanguineous connection exists between non-linear oscillation and the growth process of one dimensional nanostructure. The diameter of one dimensional nano-structure is about 40 nm, and the ratio of length to diameter is over 40. Finally, the growth mechanism of one dimensional nano-structure was also studied.     

Mechanism of Nickel-Aluminium Alloy Electroplating

The effect of operating conditions on the aluminium content of Ni - Al allay deposit and the catalytic function of NaF on electrodeposition in the nonaqueous solution containing aluminium are investigated.The results indicate that the plated aluminuim content will be increased with the rise of current density in a given range. When the current density is 2.5A/dm^2, nickle-aluminium alloy conl, oJlurtg 13.1 wt% aluminium will be deposited. The plated aluminium content will be increased by 2wt% as 0. 1 mol/ L NaF is added to the bath.     

One-dimensional nano-structure of Cu-Zn-Al alloy

Cu-Zn-Al alloy of one dimensional nano-structure was prepared and the structure of obtained nano-material was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was shown that there are non-linear oscillations on the surface of Cu-Zn-Al alloy and the consanguineous connection exists between non-linear oscillation and the growth process of one dimensional nano-structure. The diameter of one dimensional nano-structure is about 40 nm, and the ratio of length to diameter is over 40. Finally, the growth mechanism of one dimensional nano-structure was also studied.     

Squeeze casting of Al-Cu alloy

In order to use the cast method to replace forge method in producing the load-bearing wheel used in certain heavy duty vehicle, simplified and reduced size load-bearing wheels were squeeze cast and studied using Al-Cu alloy. Tensile properties, hardness, microstructures and morphologies of the squeeze-cast wheels were investigated. The results show that the finer microstructure, higher density, strength, toughness and hardness were achieved through the squeeze casting. Ultimate tensile strength of 428 MPa, yield strength of 360 MPa, elongation of 13.1% were achieved for T5 heat-treated squeeze-cast wheels. The Brinell hardness of squeeze-cast wheels is from HB 120 to HB 137.     

Electroplating Zn—Al Alloy Technology

The method of controlling separating anode and separating power source was used to perform orthogonal optimization for the parameters in electroplating Zn-Al alloy,The electroplating Zn-Al alloy technology was decided,in which the content of Al is about 12%-15%.     

合金元素比例对铜铅合金纳米拉伸力学特性的影响

铜铅合金由于铜的高塑性、高强度以及铅的自润滑功能,是经过实践检验证明的优良减磨材料,广泛应用于精密机械和航空航天领域中.为研究元素比例在铜铅合金材料纳米拉伸过程中对其力学特性的影响,采用Poisson-Voronoi和Monte Carlo方法建立大规模多晶铜分子动力学模型,在此基础上,采用混合蒙特卡洛/分子动力学方法(hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics, MC/MD)建立铜铅合金模型.根据真实铜铅合金比例成分建立具有不同铅原子比例的铜铅合金模型并与多晶铜纳米拉伸模型对比,模拟计算多晶体及铜铅合金的纳米拉伸过程,计算各模型的缺陷结构的配位数、内应力、原子势能等参数.结果表明:具有不同元素比例的铜铅合金纳米拉伸过程存在显著的规律性,铜铅合金和多晶铜的静水压力及势能分布相似,铅原子能够抑制铜铅合金晶界处位错的形核与扩展从而使合金材料结构更稳定,合金材料塑性变形过程中晶粒和晶界的势能变化特点相反,铅原子的加入主要影响晶界状态,晶界结构组成在合金塑性变形过程中具有主要作用.因而,通过改变铜铅合金中的元素比例,可改变合金材料各方面性能,本文的研究结果为制备高性能铜铅合金材料提供一定的理论指导.     

铝合金板件的受压屈曲分析

针对铝合金受压及受弯构件中可能出现的局部屈曲,采用有限元方法研究了铝合金受压板件的稳定性.对国外现行规范中的设计方法进行了介绍,并对比了国外文献中的试验结果与有限元计算结果,以验证有限元方法在研究铝板受压屈曲问题上的适用性.基于有限元方法分析了影响铝板受压屈曲的各种因素,最后根据有限元的计算结果给出了铝板受压屈曲的临界宽厚比限值.分析结果表明:控制宽厚比可以有效地防止铝合金受压板件发生局部屈曲,而且所提出的板件宽厚比限值适用于铝合金受压板件的设计.     

W-Cu高密度合金的制备

高致密度是W-Cu合金性能优良的前提,但是由于W和Cu的不互溶,二者形成的是一种典型的假合金,因此W-Cu合金的制备只有通过粉末冶金的方法来完成以仲钨酸铵和硝酸铜为原料,利用氢还原和烧结技术制备的W-Cu合金,其中w(Cu)=15%,通过SEM、XRD对制备过程中各阶段形成的产物及最终形成的W-Cu合金进行了相分析和组织形貌分析,并进行了性能试验.试验结果表明,通过此工艺制备出的W-Cu复合粉末具有均匀的化学组成和较高的烧结活性,在1220℃烧结2h后,其烧结体密度可达理论密度的98.45%,且在合金中形成了对导热、导电性能具有重要作用的Cu网络结构.     

Rheological behaviour of semi-solid succinonitrile-camphor alloy

Rheology experiments were carried out on succinonitrile-4% (mass fraction) camphor alloy, using a Haake VT550 viscometer. The results showed that the steady state viscosity of succinonitrile-4% camphor alloy in semi-solid process can be described well by the classical power law of viscosity versus shear rate, η= kγm, and the test method can be used to simulate the semi-solid processing for metals. The viscosity of the organic alloy decreases with increasing shear rate at a given temperature within liquid-solid range, and the viscosity of the organic alloy slurries increases with decreasing temperature, decreases with decreasing cooling rate. The structure and viscosity of organic alloy during solidification are strongly influenced by shear rate.     

1420铝锂合金超塑性行为

以1420铝锂合金作为实验材料,通过改变应变速率来探求最佳的超塑性变形条件,即延伸率大幅度提高和获得变形均匀的细小微观组织。研究发现当温度为480℃,应变速率为3×10-4s-1时可以获得最佳超塑性变形状态,此时延伸率δ=550％,流变应力σ=1.9MPa。同时通过金相分析以及TEM微观组织观察发现,在此条件下的组织等轴性好同时晶粒分布细小均匀,出现了细小的再结晶亚晶粒,有助于超塑性变形的进行。     

Hot-compression behavior of Al alloy 5182

Hot-compression of aluminum alloy 5182 was carried out on a Gleeble-1500 thermo-simulator at deformation temperatureranging from 350 °C to 500 °C and at strain rate from 0.01 s 1to 10 s 1with strain range from 0.7 to 1.9. The microstructures andmacro-textures evolution under different conditions were investigated by polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis,respectively. The basic trend is that the hot-compression stress increases with the decrease of temperature and increase of strain rate,which is revealed and elucidated in terms of Zener-Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic sine equation with the hot-deformationactivation energy of 143.5 kJ/mol. An empirical constitutive equation is proposed to predict the hot-deformation behavior underdifferent conditions. As deformation temperature increases up to 400 °C, at strain rate over 1 s 1, dynamic recrystallization (DRX)occurs. Cube orientation {100} 001 is detected in the recrystallized sample after hot-compression.     

镁合金的开发应用

介绍国内外镁合金应用及研发现状,分析镁合金领域新技术、新工艺、新材料、新装备的进展,着重阐述了镁合金在汽车上的开发应用.