本科生导师带教模式促进医学生科研创新能力培养的研究与思考

如何培养医学临床本科生创新意识,加强创新教育,已成为摆在医学教育工作者面前的重要问题之一.上海交通大学附属第一人民医院在双向选择的前提下实施本科生导师带教的科研创新能力培养模式,帮助学生根据自己的个性特点制定、实施成才计划,在科研创新能力的培养中具有积极作用.     

浅谈日常教学中医学本科生科研创新能力培养

当代医学发展迅速,要求医学人才在具备医疗技能的同时,还需具有科学研究水平.因此,医学本科生的科研创新能力的培养是高素质医学人才培养的必然要求.然而,当前我国医学本科生大多存在缺乏科研创新的能力、缺少创新思维、课程学习与科研训练时间冲突、对科研活动认识不足等问题.医学本科教育,课程教学是基础.高等医学院校应从加强教师队伍建设、改革教学方法、鼓励学生科研活动等多方面归化、引导.文章分析了目前高等医学院校医学本科生的科研创新能力的培养现状,并以学校病原生物学与免疫学课程的教学措施为例,就如何在教学中提升医学本科生的科研创新能力进行了总结.     

医学本科生科技创新能力培养体系建设及效果分析

医学本科生科技创新能力的培养已成为我国医学生素质教育的重要组成部分.围绕这一主题,深圳大学医学部从人才培养课程体系、科研导师制培养制度、聚徒小组教学、大学生科技创新竞赛等多方面构建了医学生科技创新能力培养体系,促进医学本科生创新能力的培养,取得了良好的教学效果.     

浅谈医学本科生创新能力的培养

本科生教育体系作为教育体系中高层次的教育,具有很强的带动性和示范性,加强对本科生创新能力的培养能起到立竿见影的效果。经过半个世纪的努力,我国的高等院校已经培养了一大批高素质人才,为国家的建设与发展做出了突出的贡献,但要看到医学本科生培养工作与21世纪知识经济对人才的要求相比还有一定的差距。怎样结合我国现阶段国情和医学本科生教育的特点,培养高素质的医学创新人才不仅是时代的要求,还是促进医学科学发展的历史使命,更是高等医学教育改革的主要研究课题。1创新能力培养是医学本科生教育的核心本科生培养是我国人才培养的高层次,而本科生培养的核心在于创新能力的培养。“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力”,具有创新能力的人才是一个国家和民族最宝贵的财富。所谓创新能力,是一种综合能力,是人们运用已经积累的知识和经验,经过科学的思维加工和再造,产生新知识、新思想、新方法和新成果的能力。创新思维是本科生在广博的知识基础上产生创新的原动力,又称创造性思维,是人类创造力的核心和思维的最高形式,其本质特征是新颖性和开拓性。2目前我国医学本科生教育在能力培养方面的现状现阶段的本科生们大都是经过我国传统教育模式的培养而成长起...     

医学本科生科技创新能力培养途径探讨

引导医学本科生进行科技创新,培养具有创新能力的医学人才,是医学高等院校的重要工作之一。立足课堂,培养学生创新思维能力;着眼课外,营造培养学生科技创新能力的立体空间;加强实训,锤炼学生的科技创新能力是培养医学本科生科技创新能力的有效途径。     

对我院2007届医学检验专业本科生毕业论文的分析与思考

毕业论文是本科教育的重要环节,在医学检验人才培养中占有举足轻重的地位.它是培养学生分析、解决问题能力的重要途径,是检验学生学习成果和综合素质的手段,对培养学生创新精神、创新意识和创新能力以及严谨的工作作风、严肃的工作态度具有重要作用.目前.各高校对学生毕业论文给予高度重视.为提高我系本科生毕业论文质量,加强毕业论文规范化管理,现对2007届医学检验专业本科生毕业论文进行分析.     

医学本科生科研创新能力培养模式的探索与实践

当前我国医学本科生普遍缺乏创新思维及创新实践能力,急需转变培养模式。我们尝试应用适合医学本科生的长效科研创新能力培养模式,通过兴趣激发、创新意识培养、科研创新实践和参加学术活动等方法与手段,提高医学本科生创新能力,以适应未来医疗卫生事业发展需求。     

创业实践引领医学实验技术学生创新能力培养的研究与实践

建立适合专业特点的创新创业教育体系已成为大学教育改革的重要问题。依据医学实验技术专业特点,实施以创业实践引领创新能力培养的系列教学改革,通过更新教学内容和方法、本科生导师制等措施,有效提高了学生的创新意识和创新能力,为医学实验技术专业创新创业教学改革提供了良好的借鉴。     

指导医学本科生科创项目遇到的问题及对策

本科教育是培养创新型医学人才的关键阶段,科创项目是训练医学本科生创新能力的重要手段。通过分析指导医学本科生科创项目时遇到的问题,提出解决对策,并征集本科生的反馈意见和建议,总结出导师应充分理解和体谅医学本科生的难处,尽量为他们选择目标小、技术难度低、容易短时间内出成果的项目,并在各环节耐心引导学生独立完成科创项目,培养他们自主探索和创新的能力。     

医学本科生创新能力的培养策略研究

医学本科教育是培养卓越医学人才的基础,在本科阶段实现学生的创新意识培育,养成学生敢于打破常规、独立探索真理的习惯,是深化医学教育改革的必然选择。本文通过挖掘医学本科生创新能力的培养意义,围绕创新教育面临的现实问题,从优化本科课程体系、健全教育管理机制、细化创新能力提高过程3个方面,探究创新能力的培养策略,推进创新型医疗人才的质量提升。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.