新的全球定位系统弱信号高灵敏捕获算法

通过对弱信号条件下的全球定位系统(GPS)捕获算法的分析,建立了相干累加—非相干累加结合捕获算法的信号模型及检测概率模型。为了提高强弱信号并存时GPS卫星信号的捕获性能,提出一种采用序贯概率比检测方法的GPS捕获算法。对该方法和相干累加—非相干累加算法的检测概率、时间复杂度进行了分析比较,并进行了仿真验证。通过理论分析和计算机仿真,证明该方法在保证较高检测概率性能情况下,可以有效地缩短强弱信号并存时的检测时间,提高对GPS弱信号的捕获性能。     

ML-based single-step estimation of the locations of strictly noncircular sources

This paper concentrates on the location methods for strictly noncircular sources by widely separated arrays. The conventional two-step methods extract measurement parameters and then, estimate the positions from them. Compared with the conventional two-step methods, direct position determination (DPD) is a promising technique, which locates transmitters directly from original sensor outputs without estimating intermediate parameters in a single step, and thus, improves the location accuracy and avoids the data association problem. However, existing DPD methods mainly focus on complex circular sources without considering noncircular signals, which can be exploited to enhance the localization accuracy. This paper proposes a maximum likelihood (ML)-based DPD algorithm for strictly noncircular sources whose waveforms are unknown. By exploiting the noncircularity of sources, we establish an ML-based function in time domain under the constraint on the waveforms of signals. A decoupled iterative method is developed to solve the prescribed ML estimator with a moderate complexity. In addition, we derive the deterministic Cramér–Rao Bound (CRB) for strictly noncircular sources, and prove that this CRB is upper bounded by the associated CRB for circular signals. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a fast convergence rate, and outperforms the other location methods in a wide range of scenarios.     

基于稀疏表示和约束优化的波达方向估计方法

对于噪声环境中信号源的波达方向(DOA)估计,传统的多信号分类(MUSIC)算法只对不相干信号有效,且所需较多样本。针对此问题,将进行DOA估计的搜索范围看作冗余字典,从而待估计的DOA成为该冗余字典中的某些元素,可以由冗余字典对其进行稀疏表示;其次,利用单次快拍数据,应用二阶锥(SOC)约束优化的方法对该稀疏表示问题进行描述,并进而转化为标准的二阶锥形式,采用有效的优化工具SeDuMi来实现DOA的估计。仿真结果表明,与现有的子空间方法相比,该方法只需单拍数据即可得到较好的估计结果,且无需对信源个数有先验知识,同时适用于相干和非相干信号。     

Simultaneous direct position determination and pulse deinterleaving by a moving receiver

In this paper, a method for simultaneous deinterleaving and direct position determination (DPD) of multiple pulsed sources is presented, utilizing a pulse receiver on a moving platform. Traditional localization methods were based on the estimation of an intermediate parameter, and the intersection of these parameters results in source localization. DPD removes this step and determines the source's position by a single step processing. Previous works in DPD achieved suitable results in localization performance and multi-target resolution, but their problem structure is not applicable to the multiple pulsed sources, and a deinterleaving step is necessary. Moreover, traditional deinterleaving methods have limited performance. We present an approach, which localizes the sources and separates their pulses in a single-phase algorithm, based on a probability spectrum. Simulation results show that this combination of DPD and deinterleaving can enhance the performance of both phases.     

全相位OFDM系统的最大自相关帧同步

针对数字地面广播电视（DTMB）系统,提出了一个对载波频偏具有鲁棒性的新的帧同步算法。该算法通过正交频分复用（OFDM）信号的时域复制和对接收信号实行自相关来实施。自相关数值输出的非关联求和的峰值检测是理所当然的帧起始点。理论证明,载波频率偏移（CFO）对全相位自相关帧同步算法没有影响。通过仿真表明,在频率选择性衰落信道中,提出的方法在有频偏存在情况下比传统算法具有很强的优势,对于DTMB系统的PN420模型,系统保持稳定工作的最大CFO在所提方法中要远远大于传统的方法。     

On the use of calibration sensors in source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements

The accuracy of a source location estimate is very sensitive to the presence of the random noise in the known sensor positions. This paper investigates the use of calibration sensors, each of which is capable of broadcasting calibration signals to other sensors as well as receiving the signals from the source and other calibration sensors, to reduce the loss in the source localization accuracy due to uncertainties in sensor positions. We begin the study with deriving the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for source localization using time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements when a single calibration sensor is available. The obtained CRLB result is then extended to the more general case with multiple calibration sensors. The performance improvement due to the use of calibration sensors is established analytically. We then propose a closed-form algorithm that can explore efficiently the calibration sensors to improve the source localization accuracy when the sensor positions are subject to random errors. We prove analytically that the newly developed localization method attains the CRLB accuracy under some mild approximations. Simulations verify the theoretical developments.     

Sound source localization using compressive sensing-based feature extraction and spatial sparsity

In this paper, we propose a source localization algorithm based on a sparse Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based feature extraction method and spatial sparsity. We represent the sound source positions as a sparse vector by discretely segmenting the space with a circular grid. The location vector is related to microphone measurements through a linear equation, which can be estimated at each microphone. For this linear dimensionality reduction, we have utilized a Compressive Sensing (CS) and two-level FFT-based feature extraction method which combines two sets of audio signal features and covers both short-time and long-time properties of the signal. The proposed feature extraction method leads to a sparse representation of audio signals. As a result, a significant reduction in the dimensionality of the signals is achieved. In comparison to the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method improves the accuracy while the complexity is reduced in some cases.     

无线传感器网络中基于TDOA/FDOA的增强半正定松弛定位算法研究

本文在无线传感器网络定位问题中,考虑了基于到达时间差（Time-Difference-of-Arrival,TDOA）和到达频率差（Frequency-Difference-of-Arrival,FDOA）的移动未知目标定位问题,TDOA/FDOA联合定位可以有效利用传感器的位置和速度信息,提高了定位精度。本文在现有的半正定松弛（Semidefinite Relaxation, SDR）方法的基础上,提出了一种增强半正定松弛方法。通过挖掘现有半正定规划问题中优化变量之间的内在联系并将这些联系转化为凸约束,有效提高了现有半正定松弛方法的紧度,从而使估计的未知目标的位置和速度精度达到了克拉美-罗下界 (Cramer Rao lower bound,CRLB)。仿真结果表明,该方法的性能在大噪声时优于现有方法。     

Accurate and simple source localization using differential received signal strength

Locating an unknown-position source using received signal strength (RSS) measurements in an accurate and low-complexity manner is addressed in this paper. Given that the source transmit power is unknown, we employ the differential RSS information to devise two computationally attractive localization methods based on the weighted least squares (WLS) approach. The main ingredients in the first algorithm development are to obtain the unbiased estimates of the squared ranges and introduce an extra variable. The second method improves the first version by implicitly exploiting the relationship between the extra variable and source location through a second WLS step. The performance of the two estimators is analyzed in the presence of zero-mean white Gaussian disturbances. Numerical examples are also included to evaluate their localization accuracy by comparing with the maximum likelihood approach and Cramér–Rao lower bound.     

估计相干与非相干信源的ESPRIT方法研究

在目前信号波达方向（Direction-Of-Arrival,DOA）估计中,常规ESPRIT算法是一种速度快、精度高的常用算法,但对于低信噪比下混合信号（同时含有相干与非相干信号）,常规ESPRIT算法难以估计出它们的DOA。结合解相干MUSIC和常规ESPRIT算法的优点,提出了一种新的估计相干与非相干信源的ESPRIT方法,新方法充分利用数据协方差矩阵的自相关和互相关信息来重构含有信号方位数据的新矩阵,再从它的特征值中解得信号的到达角。计算机仿真结果验证该方法在混合信号估计中的优越性和可靠性。     

修正的基于广义Gamma语音模型语音增强算法

广义Gamma模型是近年来新提出的一种语音分布模型,相对于传统的高斯或超高斯模型具有更好的普适性和灵活性,提出一种基于广义Gamma语音模型和语音存在概率修正的语音增强算法。在假设语音和噪声的幅度谱系数分别服从广义Gamma分布和Gaussian分布的基础上,推导了语音信号对数谱的最小均方误差估计式;在该模型下进一步推导了语音存在概率,对最小均方误差估计进行修正。仿真结果表明,与传统的短时谱估计算法相比,该算法不仅能够进一步提高增强语音的信噪比,而且可以有效减小增强语音的失真度,提高增强语音的主观感知质量。     

基于Bessel函数展开的ICA语音增强

将源信号的先验知识以参考信号的形式引入到独立分量分析(ICA)学习算法中,从混合信号中仅提取期望的源信号。依据语音信号传播机理和Bessel函数展开系数对语音信号的表征能力,给出基于Bessel函数展开的参考信号构建方法,从混合语音信号中提取出期望的语音信号。仿真和性能分析结果表明,该方法能在噪声干扰的情况下达到语音增强的目的。     

Distributed algorithm for target localization in wireless sensor networks using RSS and AoA measurements

This paper addresses target localization problem in a cooperative 3-D wireless sensor network (WSN). We employ a hybrid system that fuses distance and angle measurements, extracted from the received signal strength (RSS) and angle-of-arrival (AoA) information, respectively. Based on range measurement model and simple geometry, we derive a novel non-convex estimator based on the least squares (LS) criterion. The derived non-convex estimator tightly approximates the maximum likelihood (ML) one for small noise levels. We show that the developed non-convex estimator is suitable for distributed implementation, and that it can be transformed into a convex one by applying a second-order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation technique. We also show that the developed non-convex estimator can be transformed into a generalized trust region sub-problem (GTRS) framework, by following the squared range (SR) approach. The proposed SOCP algorithm for known transmit powers is then generalized to the case where the transmit powers are different and not known. Furthermore, we provide a detailed analysis of the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms. Our simulation results show that the new estimators have excellent performance in terms of the estimation accuracy and convergence, and they confirm the effectiveness of combining two radio measurements.     

基于AUPF的TDOA几何定位跟踪算法研究

使用无源时差（TDOA）定位技术确定无人机等小型辐射源目标的位置是当前研究的热点,针对时差定位算法较为复杂的实际情况,推导了时差双曲线的几何解,并提出了一种基于自适应无迹粒子滤波（AUPF）技术的移动目标定位跟踪方法。通过仿真对该方法在不同场景的应用效果进行了验证,进一步比较分析了算法的定位精度。结果表明,基于自适应无迹粒子滤波的时差几何定位跟踪算法可以在多种情况下较好地拟合出目标真实运动轨迹,实现对运动目标的定位跟踪,同时拥有更低的定位误差和更高的轨迹包容度,使用该方法可以显著提高对非合作移动辐射源目标的位置估计性能。     

一种改进的煤矿井下无线传感器网络定位算法

针对煤矿井下巷道狭长,传感器节点分布不均匀,环境恶劣,井下人员定位不明确。传统算法定位精度不高。为此,提出一种改进DV-Hop的煤矿井下节点定位方法,利用无线信号同种介质中传播速度不变性,并利用节点间数据包传送时间对未知节点的估计距离进行修正。实验结果表明,改进算法有效地提高了无线传感器网络节点的定位精度,减少了定位误差,更加适合于类似于煤矿井下场景的定位需求。     

Direct position determination in the presence of model errors—known waveforms

The performance of the direct position determination (DPD) approach in the presence of model errors is examined. DPD was recently introduced as a promising technique for localization of multiple radio frequency emitters with superior accuracy under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. We analyze the performance of DPD in the presence of model errors caused by multipath, calibration errors, mutual coupling, etc. The analysis is general enough to encapsulate various sources of errors. Monte Carlo simulations are used to validate the analysis. We show that in many cases of interest DPD should be selected as the preferred method of localization.     

同时估计非相干和相干信号的修正MUSIC算法

简要阐述了阵列信号处理中广泛采用的MUSIC算法和MMUSIC算法的基本原理,然后理论分析了MUSIC和MMUSIC算法性能.仿真发现MMUSIC算法只能单独估计相干信号和非相干信号.针对这种情况,提出了一种修正MUSIC算法,该算法可以同时估计相干和非相干信号,计算机仿真结果证明该改进算法是有效的.     

Adaptive RSSI-based localization scheme for wireless sensor networks

Range of applications for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is increasing rapidly. One class of such applications is Energy-Aware Wireless Positioning Systems for situation awareness. Localization deals with determining a target node’s position in WSN by analyzing signals exchanged between nodes. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) represents the ratio between received signal power and a reference power, and is typically used to estimate distances between nodes. RSSI distance estimations are affected by many factors. This paper aims to enhance the accuracy of RSSI-based localization techniques in ZigBee Networks through studying the communication channel status between two nodes. As the network nodes are exposed to high noise levels, position estimation accuracy deteriorates. A novel adaptive localization scheme is proposed; Two-State Markov model with moving average is employed to detect unpredictable RSSI readings that may reflect badly on the estimation. The proposed scheme achieves better estimation accuracy, for example, the estimation error was reduced from 11.7 m to just 3 m using the proposed scheme.     

TOA source localization and DOA estimation algorithms using prior distribution for calibrated source

This paper presents an a priori probability density function (pdf)-based time-of-arrival (TOA) source localization algorithms. Range measurements are used to estimate the location parameter for TOA source localization. Previous information on the position of the calibrated source is employed to improve the existing likelihood-based localization method. The cost function where the prior distribution was combined with the likelihood function is minimized by the adaptive expectation maximization (EM) and space-alternating generalized expectation–maximization (SAGE) algorithms. The variance of the prior distribution does not need to be known a priori because it can be estimated using Bayes inference in the proposed adaptive EM algorithm. Note that the variance of the prior distribution should be known in the existing three-step WLS method [1]. The resulting positioning accuracy of the proposed methods was much better than the existing algorithms in regimes of large noise variances. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms can also effectively perform the localization in line-of-sight (LOS)/non-line-of-sight (NLOS) mixture situations.