聚丙烯腈/聚氨酯熔纺-拉伸致孔分离膜共混结构的研究

针对以聚丙烯腈为分散相、以高形变性和高回复性的热塑性聚氨酯为基质相的共混物，讨论其相容性、可纺性和拉伸致孔性，并在测试分析的基础上，深入研究了经熔融纺丝一拉伸制成的具有相界面孔分离膜的共混结构。结果表明：用PAN／TPU共混物可以制成具有界面微孔结构的中空纤维分离膜。     

Effect of Microfibrillated Cellulose Loading on Physical Properties of Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Films

The starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) composite films were prepared using solution casting method after adding MFC into starch/PVA blend matrix.The effects of MFC content on the mechanical properties of starch/PVA composite films were investigated.As MFC content increases,the elongation at break and tensile strength increase firstly and then decrease.When the content of MFC is 2wt%,the tensile strength is 26.6 MPa and reaches the maximum.Through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),good dispersion of MFC in starch/PVA matrix at the loading of 2wt%,lower crystallinity of the starch/PVA/MFC films in comparison with starch/PVA blend and the effect of glass transition temperature increasing with MFC content from 0.5wt% to 4wt% can be found observed.And,incorporating MFC does not change the composition and crystal structure of the starch/PVA composite films.Thus,the reinforcing mechanism for the improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of MFC with large aspect ratio,good compatibility and interfacial interactions between starch/PVA blend matrix and MFC.     

南极磷虾虾肉蛋白/聚丙烯腈复合纤维的制备与表征

通过接枝与共混并用的方法将南极磷虾虾肉蛋白质引入聚丙烯腈(PAN)中,采用湿法纺丝制备了南极磷虾虾肉蛋白/聚丙烯腈复合纤维。并通过FT-IR表征了接枝物的成分,有效地证明了接枝的成功性。X射线衍射测试表明,接枝物在保留部分PAN和蛋白质结晶性的同时,由于结构受到了破坏,结晶能力有所降低。用差热分析法(TGA)测试了不同蛋白质含量下复合纤维的热稳定性,分析了蛋白质含量对纤维热性能的影响。采用单丝强力仪测试了不同组分纤维的断裂强力,结果表明,纤维的断裂强力随着接枝物含量的增加而降低。最后用电镜观察了纤维的微观形貌,纤维表面的沟槽结构和分散颗粒,表明纺丝原液在凝固的过程中存在不均匀收缩现象。     

静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈／细菌纤维素复合纳米纤维研究

利用静电纺丝方法制备了聚丙烯腈／细菌纤维素复合纳米纤维．研究了溶液浓度、细菌纤维素含量对复合纳米纤维成形及吸水性能的影响．研究结果表明：随着溶液浓度的增加,静电纺丝产物由珠状结构纤维逐渐成为平滑纤维,上工平均纤维直径逐渐增大;随着细菌纤维素含量的增加,共混纺丝溶液的黏度增加,得到的复合纳米纤维直径也增加,同时其吸水性也有较大的提高．     

丝素蛋白/聚丙烯腈共混膜的制备及性能研究

以饱和硫氰酸钠(NaSCN)水溶液为共溶剂制备了不同共混比的丝素蛋白(SF)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)共混膜,用溶度参数法及FTIR研究了SF/PAN共混体系的相容性,分析和讨论了铸膜液共混比、铸膜液温度、凝固浴组成等对膜结构与性能的影响,并用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)观察了共混膜的表面和断面微观形貌.结果表明:SF与PAN具有部分相容性,其在成膜过程中会产生界面微孔;随共混膜中SF含量增加,共混膜呈孔隙率增大和截留率减小的变化趋势;随铸膜液温度升高,共混膜呈孔隙率和水通量增大的变化趋势;当凝固浴组分为50%乙醇水溶液时,所得共混膜孔结构较为疏松;SF的添加使PAN膜的水接触角明显减小,表明SF可有效改善PAN膜的亲水性.     

聚氨酯系膜结构与性能的研究

采用湿法相转换成膜技术制备聚氨酯／聚乙二醇（PU／PEG）膜，聚氨酯／聚丙烯腈（PU／PAN），聚氨酯／醋酸纤维素（PU／CA）和聚氨酯／聚砜（PU／PSF）共混膜，利用膜性能测试仪，扫描电子显微镜等仪器对膜的结构与性能进行了研究，分析和讨论了铸膜液组成，制条件，成孔剂含量等对共混膜性能的影响。     

乙烯-乙烯醇与聚丙烯共混物的形态及性能

以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为增容剂,共混聚丙烯(PP)与乙烯-乙烯醇(EVOH)制备可润湿性PP.用扫描电镜(SEM)、动态粘弹谱仪(DMA)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了EVOH/PP共混物的形态结构、力学性能和热性能.用接触角测定仪表征了共混物的可润湿性.SEM结果表明共混物呈明显两相结构,EVOH...     

聚己内酯（PCL）／聚乙二醇（PEG）共混物结晶过程和相分离形貌的研究

使用偏光显微镜和原子力显微镜研究了聚己内酯（PCL）／聚乙二醇（PEG）共混物的原位结晶过程以及片晶尺度上的形态结构．结果表明,PCL／PEG为热力学不相容体系;共混物中PCL占优时,PCL形成连续的球晶结构,PEG呈海岛状均匀分布在PCL球晶内部;共混物中PEG含量占优时,PCL形成连续的碎晶结构,PEG形成连续相和结构完整的球晶结构,PEG的生长速度不受PCL的分布影响．     

热台原子力显微镜研究PVDF/PBA共混物的表面结晶形态

制备了低温结晶的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）/聚己二酸丁二酯（PBA）共混物薄膜.使用热台原子力显微镜跟踪研究PVDF/PBA共混物薄膜样品的原位熔融过程,从片晶尺度上考察不同的共混比例对相分离形态结构的影响规律.结果表明,当PVDF/PBA共混体系在低温下结晶时,PBA组分主要在PVDF的片晶间的区域内分布;共混比例影响两组分都结晶后的片晶排列方式;PBA组分含量较低时,两组分片晶的排列方式主要为＂ABABABAB＂,PBA中等含量时,两组分片晶的排列方式主要为＂ABBBABBB＂;片晶间分相结构对PBA的结晶扩散有抑制作用,PBA组分要充分结晶需要较高的过冷度或者足够长的结晶时间.     

Thermal decomposition analysis of coal-waste sludge and coal-sunflower seed husk blends

The thermal decomposition analysis of coal-pharmaceutical waste sludge,coal-sewage waste sludge blends and coal-sunflower seed husk blends are studied by TG dynamic runs at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min within the temperature range of 25 ℃-900 ℃.The effect of different kinetic models on the determination of kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition has been investigated.Results show that for coal-pharmaceutical sludge blend,coal-sewage sludge blend and coal-sunflower seed husk blend the optimal model functions are the three-dimensional diffusion reaction,2-dimensional and 3-diemensional nucleation and growth reactions,respectively.The Arrhenius kinetic parameters of the pre-exponential factor and activation energy of blends,as well waste sludge and sunflower seed husk only are proposed.     

Effect of Post-spinning Modification on the PAN Precursors and Resulting Carbon Fibers

The impregnation of a special grade PAN precursor,fibers wus carried out in a 8 wt% KMnO4 aqueous solution to obtain modified PAN precursor fibers. The effects of modification on the chemical stncture and the mechanical properties of precursor fibers thermally stabilized and their resulting carbon fibers u＇ere characterized by the combiination use of densities, wide-angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）, X-ray photoelectron speetroscopy （XPS）, elemental analysis （ EA ）, Fourier traasform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）, etc.KMnO4 as a strong oxidizer can swell, oxidize and corrode the skin of a precursor.fiber, and transform C≡N groups to C≡N ones, meamchile , it can decreuse the crystal .size increuse the orientation index and the costallinity index, furthermore it can increuse the densities of modified PAN precursors and resuhing thermally stabilized fibers. As a result, the carbon fibers developed from modified PAN fibers show an improvement in tensile strength of 31.25 % and an improvement in elongation of 77.78 % , but a decrease of 16. 52% in Young＇s modulus.     

尼龙1010／PP－g－MAH共混物热行为及力学性能研究

研究了尼龙１０１０（ＮＹ－１０１０）与马来酸酐接枝改性聚丙烯（ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）共混体系的热行为及力学性能并与尼龙１０１０／ＰＰ共混体系作了对比。ＤＳＣ研究结果发现，共混体系属热力学不相容体系，马来酸酐接枝改性ＰＰ与尼龙１０１０共混在一定程度上改善了两相间的亲合性。力学性能测试表明，ＮＹ－１０１０／ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共混体系的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率与纯尼龙１０１０相近，而干态及低温冲击强度较纯尼龙１０１０和ＮＹ－１０１０／ＰＰ共混体系有明显提高。     

混合溶剂法合成高分子量聚丙烯腈

以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂 ,采用丙烯腈 (AN)与衣康酸 (IA)为共聚单体在混合介质二甲基亚砜 水 (DMSO H2 O)中自由基沉淀共聚合 ,合成了粘均分子量为 10～ 80× 10 4 的聚合物 .重点研究了聚合反应条件 ,如混合介质DMSO H2 O质量配比、IA单体含量等对聚合反应的转化率和粘均分子量的影响 .还分别采用SEM和落球粘度等手段研究了聚合物的形态结构与溶液性能 .研究结果表明 :降低喂料AN IA配比中IA的含量 ,均有利于提高聚合反应的转化率 .AN与IA共聚反应的转化率随着反应介质中DMSO含量的降低而增加 ,聚合物的粘均分子量也增大 ,同时所得聚合物的颗粒特性发生变化 ,由松软的块状到不规则的细粒状转化 .溶液的粘度随着分子量的增加而增加 ,随着温度的升高而降低 .     

PET/PA66共混体系的DSC分析及相容性研究

采用溶液法、简单机械共混(熔融法Ⅰ)和存在酯-酰胺交换反应共混法(熔融法Ⅱ)将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)与聚酰胺66(PA66)共混,系统地进行DSC分析,并对PET/PA66共混体系的相容性作了一定的探讨。结果表明,PET/PA66共混体系为一热力学不相容体系,共混物的相容性数熔融法Ⅱ共混物的为最佳,溶液法共混物的相容性最差。     

动态硫化PVC/NBR共混型热塑性弹性体的制备与研究

本文选用硫磺硫化体系，用动态硫化法制备ＰＶＣ／ＮＢＲ共混型热性弹性体（ＴＰＥ），该材料具有强度高、永久变形小和可重复加工等特点。考查了共混时间、交联剂含量等因素对材料力学性能及共混比对流变性能的影响。通过透射电子显微镜观察，ＰＶＣ／ＮＢＲ共混物呈现出明显的两相结构。交联的ＮＢＲ为分散相，分散于ＰＶＣ连续相中。动态硫化ＰＶＣ／ＮＢＲ共混型热塑性弹性体在压缩永久形变、扯断永久变形、耐油及耐老化等主要性能上均优于简单机械共混物。     

Compatibility and Properties of Biodegradable Blend Films with Gelatin and Poly（vinyl alcohol）

The blend films with gelatin and poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） were prepared by a solution casting method. The compatibility between gelatin and PVA in the blend films was investigated. The transmittance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, x-ray diffraction （XRD）, thermogravimetry analysis （TG）, and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） were employed to characterize the resultant blend films. According to optic result, the opacity of the blend film at the ratio of 20/80 （w/w, Gel to PVA） was the lowest, indicating the best compatibility between Gel and PVA at the ratio. The results oflR, XRD, DSC, and TG revealed an intensive interaction and good compatibility between them in the blend film at the ratio. The mechanical properties and solubility showed that PVA content in the blend films obviously affected the elongation at break and solubility. The mechanical properties and water resistance of gelatin film may be improved by the introduetion of PVA.     

生物塑料聚（3HB-co-4HB）／玉米淀粉共混材料的制备与性能

以聚4-羟基丁酸酯摩尔分数为7．3％的聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co—4-羟基丁酸酯）和玉米淀粉为原料,通过挤出熔融共混和注塑成型制备了P（3HB-co-4HB）／玉米淀粉共混材料．借用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热失重分析仪（TGA）和电子拉力机等考察了玉米淀粉含量对共混材料熔点、结晶度、热分解温度、耐水性及力学性能的影响．结果表明：随玉米淀粉含量增加,共混体系的结晶度减小,熔融温度降低,熔限变宽且出现明显的双峰;玉米淀粉含量为30份的共混材料热分解温度较纯P（3HB—co-4HB）-7.3略有降低,缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别在淀粉含量为10份和20份达最佳,其值分别为4．95kJ／m^2和33．15％,较纯P（3HB—co-4HB）-7.3分别提高14.3％和147．76％．拉伸强度和弯曲强度则随玉米淀粉含量增加逐渐下降．     

Fabrication and thermal insulating properties of ATO/PVB nanocomposites for energy saving glass

The pechini method was used to synthesize antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles, and the subsequent solution co-blend was employed to fabricate ATO/PVB nanocomposites. Uv-Vis-NIR spectra show that the addition of ATO nano particles can significantly enhance the thermal insulating efficiency of ATO/PVB nanocomposites. With the increase of ATO content, the thermal insulating efficiency is increased. Uv is almost fully absorbed by all ATO/PVB nanocomposites. Vis transmittance-haze spectra reveal that ATO/PVB nanocomposites exhibit higher Vis transmittance of over 72.7% and lower haze of below 2% when ATO content is in the range of 0.1 wt%–0.5 wt%. The thermal insulating tests indicate that in comparison with the pure PVB film, nanocomposite films with 0.1 wt%–0.5 wt% ATO can reduce temperature of 1–3 °C, suggesting that this novel nanocomposite can be used for energy-saving glass.     

ABS/PBT共混合金体系的研制

以ABS、PBT为基体树脂，RC为增容剂，NBR为增韧改性剂，并加入其它助剂，制备了ABS／PBT共混合金。研究了PBT的含量、ABS的牌号、相容剂和NBR的含量对ABS／PBT共混合金力学性能的影响。结果表明：用35％的PBT去改性不同牌号的ABS，与不加相容剂的状况比较，相容剂对ABS／PBT共混合金增容后，拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高11．2％和12．2％，共混合金的相分散性好，形态结构稳定。弹性体与相容剂协同作用，显著提高材料的韧性。加入20份NBR时，共混合金的断裂伸长率提高412．1％，冲击强度提高72．5％。并且在一定程度上克服了增韧对材料拉伸强度等性能造成的损失，起到了优化材料性能的目的。     

镍铁氧体与聚苯胺的原位复合及电性能研究

采用超声场下原位聚合法制备了镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料。其结构、形貌和导电性能分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和四探针测试仪进行了研究。结果表明,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)掺杂后的聚苯胺是部分结晶的。镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合粉体近似球形,无严重团聚现象,粒径约为300 nm。镍铁氧体质量含量为15wt%的复合材料具有最大电导率0.845 5 S/cm.