Some Rheological Properties of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride With New Plasticizers

During an earlier research program a series of new plasticizers derived from an intermediate compound (I) [1] were synthesized and characterized [2]. In this paper the effect of benzoate, caproate, and valerate plasticizers on the melt flow rate (MFR) of PVC is studied. These new plasticizers were chosen since we previously found that epoxy plasticizers derived from a similar intermediate were very efficient for PVC [3], polymethyl methacrylate [4], and polystyrene [5].     

低气味性低温塑化型聚氯乙烯抗石击涂料的制备与性能研究

制备了一种低气味、低温塑化型聚氯乙烯抗石击涂料,主要探讨了增塑剂、糊树脂,附着力促进剂对试样气味、弯曲性、附着力等性能的影响。实验结果表明：采用对苯二甲酸二异壬酯与烷基磺酸酯作为混合增塑剂,能够降低气味的同时满足低温塑化后的柔韧性要求;维尼泰 370HD糊树脂具有较好的黏度稳定性,并且作为主树脂改善涂料的流淌性;采用阿科玛 PA1384共聚树脂作为辅助糊树脂,喷涂扇幅受影响较小,可提高低温塑化后的涂层拉伸强度;采用 N382附着力促进剂不仅涂料气味较低,而且低温塑化后附着力较好。     

Preparation and Properties of Volume Expansion Type Blends of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride/Starch Graft Polyacrylate Sodium

A series of water-swellable elastomers were prepared by blending plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with starch graft polyacrylate sodium (SZ_A). The morphology and properties of PVC/SZ_A blends were studied by means of water absorbing ratio, water swelling ratio, weight loss ratio, tensile stress-strain and SEM tests. The results indicate that when PVC/SZ_A blends were pretreated by means of soaking in distilled water, SZ_A, which weakly interacts with the PVC matrix can be washed out. After the pretreatment, the blends were quite stable in water, the water absorbing ratio of the blends increased and the water swelling ratio of the blends nearly was unchanged in the further water absorbing tests. The mechanical properties of the pretreated blends slightly reduced as compared to those of the without pretreatment. With plasticizer content of the plasticized PVC in the blends, the water absorbing ratio and the water swelling ratio increased.     

Adhesion of Plasticized Polyvinyl Butyral) to Glass

A study of safety glass provides a good example of the interplay among the many physical properties involved in “adhesion”, and the relationship between adhesion and performance. This work demonstrates the value of applying known fundamentals to practical problems.

An idealized model of a windshield fracture event is described in terms of interactions among mechanical responses of the interlayer, the fracture characteristics of the glass and the high speed, low angle peel behavior.

Data on the surface energies of glass, polyvinyl butyral) and water show that at thermodynamic equilibrium a stable system comprising glass, water and polyvinyl butyral) phases, an aqueous phase must lie between the glass and PVB.

The potassium salts are shown to be effective because they are deliquescent and give solutions at equilibrium with the water in the PVB at water contents of ∼0.40% or higher. The greater the amount of salt at the interface and the higher the water content of the sheeting during lamination, the thicker the interfacial layer and delamination occurs more readily. This relationship is quantified using a modified form of the Stefan equation.

Data on diffusion of water and salt are shown to be consistent with the amount of salt at the interface required for the observed performance (∼ 3 mg KAc/m²).

Data on electrical resistivity of the interface correlate with peel force and provide convincing support for the hypothesis.     

甘油增塑剂对聚乙烯醇的塑化特性影响研究

以甘油为增塑剂,通过甘油对PVA的熔融和结晶行为的影响,研究聚乙烯醇的塑化特性及塑化机理,为实现聚乙烯醇熔融加工提供实验和理论依据。分别配比样品,将各样品在电热高混机中混匀,混炼温度为80℃。然后在密炼机中混合10 min,转速为45 r/min。取出样品进行红外分析、DSC图测试、X射线衍射分析、流变曲线测定等表征与测试。得到出甘油可以降低熔点,这是因为甘油能提高聚乙烯醇的链段活动性、减小结晶区域。但是甘油的使用量不易过大,否则其塑化效果会因为发生相分离而急剧降低。     

高熔点多元醇增塑聚乙烯醇的制备与性能

以高熔点多元醇季戊四醇(TMM)为主增塑剂、辅以相容剂和润滑剂形成复配增塑剂,对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行增塑改性,以增大温度加工窗口,提高其热稳定性,实现改性PVA的熔融加工成型。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)、熔体指数仪测试了改性PVA的热性能和流动性能;采用扫描X射线衍射(XRD)、电子显微镜(SEM)对其结晶结构与形貌进行了测试与观察;然后进行了力学性能测试。结果表明,高熔点多元醇增塑剂用于增塑PVA,具备降低PVA的熔点,提高分解温度,增加流动性,使改性PVA具有良好的熔融加工性能,可用于注塑与挤出加工,制品具备良好的力学性能。     

聚氯乙烯设备的加工工艺

文章介绍了有关硬聚氯乙烯的机械加工方法及相关的硬聚氯乙烯设备、零部件的制造工艺和安装、检验方法，用于解决煤气净化系统的防腐问题，为防腐工程提供了一项实用的技术参考。     

消光聚氯乙烯的性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了消光聚氯乙烯材料,研究了各组分对材料光泽度和力学性能的影响.结果表明:高聚合度聚氯乙烯树脂相对低聚合度树脂更能降低材料光泽度;交联聚氯乙烯树脂具有优良的消光性,可大幅度降低材料光泽度;材料的光泽度随着增塑剂用量的增加而提高;碳酸钙对材料消光性能影响不大,云母粉是一种消光效果明显的填料,但用量太高易使材料力学性能下降.扫描电镜分析表明:当云母粉用量较高时,云母粉粒子在基体中的分散较差,以较大团聚物存在.     

交联聚氯乙烯研究进展

综述了聚氯乙烯各种交联方法的研究进展.     

聚氯乙烯超滤膜改性的研究进展

从化学改性、表面改性、共混改性以及成膜条件改进等方面介绍了聚氯乙烯超滤膜改性技术的研究进展,指出了聚氯乙烯膜目前存在的问题以及今后发展的方向。     

低发泡聚氯乙烯结皮板材生产技术

分析了低发泡聚氯乙烯结皮板材的挤出生产技术。在低发泡聚氯乙烯结皮板材生产中,选用螺杆特性硬的双螺杆挤出机、无发泡死角的模头,选用聚合度700~800,K值55~68的PVC原料,以及复合型发泡剂,挤出温度控制在140~160℃,可以生产性能比较优异的制品。     

高性能聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR–T)为增韧剂、连续玻璃纤维(GF)为增强剂,通过熔体浸渍挤出工艺制备高性能PVC复合材料,并对其力学性能、耐热性能和动态力学性能进行研究。结果表明,随着PUR–T或连续GF含量增加,复合材料的力学性能和耐热性能均得到提高,当PUR–T/PVC质量比为2/8,连续GF质量分数为30%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、维卡软化温度分别为83.42 MPa,19.81 k J/m2,106.33 MPa,8 823.36 MPa和74.1℃;随着连续GF含量增加,复合材料的储能模量和玻璃化转变温度提高,损耗因子降低;扫描电子显微镜测试结果表明连续GF在PVC中保持了较长的长度,分散性良好。     

浅谈聚氯乙烯树脂成品分析的体会

聚氯乙烯树脂成品分析项目多，主要是仪器分析，仪器的精度要求高，文中就分析仪器和操作过程等作了严格控制，从而提高分析的准确率，对产品质量和标准的执行率至关重要。     

聚氯乙烯交联方法的研究进展

介绍了聚氯乙烯(PVC)的几种交联方法及其进展,包括辐射交联、化学交联、共混交联和PVC改性交联,重点讨论和对比了用过氧化物、硅烷和三嗪类化合物作交联剂的PVC化学交联,并指出共混交联法是最有前途的PVC交联方法.     

聚氯乙烯化学交联研究进展

综述了采用辐射及化合物（二巯基－三嗪化合物、硅烷、二马来酸酐）化学交联聚氯乙烯的研究进展）。     

固相法氯化聚氯乙烯的研制

采用气 固相搅拌式氯化法对影响聚氯乙烯氯化反应的条件进行了分析,得出了适宜的反应条件。结果表明,温度为115℃、时间为2h、氯气流量为500～550mL·min-1是较佳的反应条件。对聚氯乙烯的氯化反应机理及动力学特征作了初步的研究。当反应温度超过100℃时,反应由内控制控制。     

湿磨绢云母粉在硬聚氯乙烯中的应用

介绍了湿磨绢云母粉在硬聚氯乙烯中应用的配方、工艺参数。填加湿磨绢云母粉的硬聚氯乙烯制品质量完全符合相关的质量标准。将湿磨绢云母粉作为一种新的增强填料应用在聚氯乙烯中,有利于塑料加工企业降低生产成本和提高产品质量。     

聚氯乙烯生产技术的发展现状

概述了近期国内聚氯乙烯生产中聚合工艺的现状及创新成果,总结了聚合釜结构、控制、搅拌器的发展特点。