玻璃纤维增强尼龙66复合材料的结构与性能

使用双螺杆挤出机,采用共混改性方法制备玻璃纤维(GF)增强尼龙66(PA 66)复合材料(GF-PA 66),并对其结构、热性能和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:制备的GF质量分数分别为20%,25%,30%的GF-PA 66复合材料的密度均低于1.4 g/cm~3,GF在GF-PA 66复合材料体系中呈现纤维交错复杂的网络结构;GF-PA 66复合材料的起始热降解温度均在320℃以上,具有较好的耐热性;随着GF含量的增加,GF-PA 66复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量升高,当GF质量分数达到30%时,复合材料的拉伸强度为147.4 MPa,比纯PA 66提高了75%,弯曲强度达到202 MPa,比纯PA 66提高了112%,弯曲模量达到7 783.3 MPa,比纯PA 66提高了175%;随着GF含量的增加,GF-PA 66复合材料的悬臂梁冲击强度先降低后升高,当GF质量分数为30%时,复合材料的悬臂梁冲击强度高于纯PA 66。     

高性能玻璃纤维增强PA10T/PA66复合材料研究

以玻璃纤维(GF)增强,马来酸酐接枝氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)增容尼龙10T/尼龙66(PA10T/PA66)共混物,考察了两者用量对共混物力学性能、热变形温度、加工性能等的影响。结果表明,随着玻璃纤维添加量从5%增加到40%,复合材料的拉伸强度不断增加,缺口冲击强度先下降后增加,热变形温度大幅度增加,加工性能则变差,SEBS-g-M AH可以明显提高复合材料的缺口冲击强度。PA66与PA10T质量比为35/65,玻璃纤维添加量为40%,SEBS-g-M AH添加量为5%时,所得复合材料的拉伸强度为223. 4 MPa,缺口冲击强度为19. 65 k J/m~2,热变形温度为237. 9℃,熔体质量流动速率为12. 1 g/10min。冲击断面扫描电镜照片表明SEBS-g-MAH可以提高GF、PA10T和PA66之间的相容性。差示扫描量热研究表明PA66和SEBS-g-MAH会破坏PA10T结晶,GF添加量为5%时促进PA10T结晶,40%时稍微阻碍其结晶。     

GO-g-PPE改性PA66复合材料的制备与性能

首先通过静电作用将氧化石墨烯(GO)与2,3–环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTMAC)结合,再与马来酸酐(MAH)接枝聚苯醚(PPE)(PPE-g-MAH)发生反应,制得PPE接枝GO (GO-g-PPE)作为尼龙66 (PA66)材料的改性剂,采用共混挤出方式得到GO-g-PPE改性PA66复合材料。探讨了接枝前后的改性剂及添加量对复合材料力学性能、吸水率和摩擦性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热分析对复合材料界面相容性及热性能进行表征。结果表明,接枝后的GO-g-PPE与PA66的界面相容性明显优于仅添加GO/PPE的效果;当加入GO-g-PPE的质量分数≤0.8%时,随着GO-g-PPE用量的增加,GO-g-PPE改性PA66复合材料的力学性能有所提升,再继续增加GOg-PPE的用量反而使复合材料的力学性能下降。添加质量分数0.8%的GO-g-PPE时,GO-g-PPE改性PA66复合材料的热性能、力学性能最佳,与纯PA66相比,复合材料的结晶温度升高4℃,拉伸强度提高8.9%,断裂伸长率提高17.9%,缺口冲击强度提高37.6%;添加质量分数1.0%的GO-g-PPE时,复合材料的吸水率降低35.1%,摩擦系数减小14.3%。     

透明尼龙PA6T/6I在GF增强PA66体系中的应用

采用尼龙66 (PA66)和透明尼龙PA6T/6I为基体树脂,用熔融共混改性的技术方法制备PA66/PA6T/6I/GF复合材料,考察了透明尼龙PA6T/6I含量对复合材料的熔融结晶行为、热变形温度(HDT)、力学性能、表面性能的影响。结果表明,当玻璃纤维含量为30%的情况下,在透明尼龙树脂PA6T/6I用量不高于基体树脂含量的20%时,改性复合材料熔融结晶行为与PA66类似,复合材料制品表面的浮纤问题得到解决,比未添加透明尼龙PA6T/6I的复合材料相等的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高27%和40%,简支梁和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度则分别提高了26%和40%,吸水率提高了30%,具有优异的综合性能和尺寸稳定性。     

高冲击强度聚苯乙烯的协效阻燃研究

采用熔融共混法制备了高冲击强度聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/高性能纳米氢氧化铝(CG-ATH)/有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)/包覆红磷(ERP)纳米复合材料,研究了OMMT和ERP用量对复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:纳米CG-ATH、OMMT和ERP之间有很好的协效阻燃效果,当纳米CG-ATH用量为15%,OMMT用量为3%,ERP用量为10%时,HIPS复合材料的垂直燃烧可达到UL94V—0级,此时,复合材料具有较好的弯曲性能和拉伸性能,但冲击性能较差。     

改性锦纶66短纤维/天然橡胶复合材料性能研究

对锦纶66（PA66）短纤维进行紫外光照射和浸渍液体橡胶物理改性,以及接枝化学改性共同处理,制备改性PA66短纤维/天然橡胶（NR）复合材料,并研究PA66短纤维改性方式对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：与未改性的PA66短纤维/NR复合材料相比,改性PA66短纤维/NR复合材料的拉伸强度降低、撕裂强度提高;其中先接枝再紫外光照的PA66短纤维/NR复合材料的100%定伸应力变化不大,300%定伸应力提高,拉断伸长率变化不大;先紫外光照再接枝的PA66短纤维/NR复合材料的100%定伸应力和300%定伸应力明显提高,拉断伸长率明显降低。综合来看,经紫外光照4 min＋接枝乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷＋浸渍2 g液体橡胶处理的改性PA66短纤维/NR胶料的物理性能、粘合性能和尺寸稳定性最好。     

酚醛改性对玻纤增强聚酰胺66复合材料耐湿性的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了线型酚醛树脂(LPF)改性的玻纤增强聚酰胺66(PA66/GF)复合材料,研究了LPF对PA66/GF复合材料吸水性、力学性能以及耐湿性的影响。结果表明:随着LPF用量的增加,改性增强PA66复合材料PA66/GF/LPF的吸水率明显降低;同时复合材料的拉伸强度略有提升,但缺口冲击强度则有所下降。另外同改性前(PA66/GF)相比,改性复合材料(PA66/GF/LPF)的耐湿性明显提升,调湿处理后材料的力学性能基本保持稳定,其中当LPF用量为4%且调湿处理10天后,复合材料的拉伸强度保持率达到82.2%,同时冲击强度变化率仅为18.6%。     

超细改性氢氧化铝的表面处理及其对尼龙66阻燃性能的影响

采用改性剂对超细改性氢氧化铝（CG-ATH）进行表面处理。考察了不同改性剂对CG-ATH表面改性效果的影响，通过透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了改性前后CG-ATH的颗粒形态及其在尼龙66中的分散情况，测定了氧指数，结果表明，改性后的CG-ATH在树脂中分散性好，在尼龙66中添加表面改性的CG-ATH，其氧指数从25%，提高到30%。     

PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米高岭土三元复合材料的制备方法及性能

研究不同制备工艺对PA66/POE-g-MAH/改性纳米高岭土复合材料力学性能的影响以及POE-g-MAH分散相颗粒和改性纳米高岭土在PA66基体中的分散状况.结果表明:改性纳米高岭土的加入能有效提高复合材料的常温和低温冲击强度;母料法能较为均衡地提高不同纳米粒子添加量复合材料的常温冲击强度.亚微相态表明:改性纳米高岭土在基体中分散均匀.     

Mg(OH)2与包覆红磷协效阻燃PP/PA6复合材料的研究

研究了包覆红磷和Mg(OH)2/包覆红磷复配体系对聚丙烯/尼龙6(PP/PA6)合金性能的影响,分析了不同阻燃体系对PP/PA6合金的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,选用热塑性弹性体POE-g-MAH对阻燃PP/PA6复合材料进行了增韧改性.结果表明:Mg(OH)2与包覆红磷能协效阻燃PP/PA6复合体系,当包覆红磷添加量为15份.Mg(OH)2为30份时,PP/PA6复合材料的氧指数从19.2%提高到27.5%;POE较好地改善了材料的冲击性能,其添加量为15份时,材料的冲击强度可由3.4 kJ/m2增大至8.6 kJ/m2,并保持良好的阻燃性能.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。