Sm对FeCONbAlSiB非晶软磁合金的晶化及磁性能的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼和真空熔融甩带法制备 Fe57-x Co18 Nb4 Al2 Si4 B15 Smx（x=0-3）非晶合金，借助X射线衍射、差热分析以及振动样品磁强计等手段研究稀土元素Sm对制备合金的非晶形成能力、非晶热稳定性、非晶晶化行为以及磁性能的影响。研究结果表明：添加少量Sm能提高 Fe57-x Co18 Nb4 Al2 Si4 B15 Smx合金的非晶形成能力以及非晶热稳定性；随着Sm含量的增加，初始晶化温度由823K提高至871K，过冷液相区由28K提高到44K，初始晶化相为α-（FeCo）相，中间硼化物相的形成分2个阶段进行，即在878～943K范围内析出Fe2B相，在943～1073K范围内析出B6Fe23相。随着Sm含量在该系列合金中的增加，其饱和磁感应强度从1．25T降低至1．09T，矫顽力从11．2A／m增至16．9A／m。     

Effect of Sc addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of 1460 alloy

The effect of minor addition of Sc on microstructure,age hardening behavior,tensile properties and fracture morphology of 1460 alloy have been studied. It is found that Sc content increase from 0.11 wt% to 0.22 wt% is favorable for grain refinement in as-cast alloy but results in a coarsening of Cu-rich particles. The alloy with 0.11 wt% Sc exhibits enhanced mechanical properties and age hardening effect. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) investigations on the alloy with 0.11 wt% Sc have suggested that a large amount of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated at the earlier aging may inhibit recrystallization effectively.     

硼元素含量对非晶态合金Co-Ni-B磁性的影响

为探究不同B元素含量对非晶态合金Co-Ni-B体系磁学性质的影响,在已有Co-Ni原子比例基础上分别构建出单硼模型Co₃NiB与双硼模型Co₃NiB₂.基于密度泛函理论在B3LYP/Lanl2dz水平下运用Gaussian09和Multiwfn程序对各团簇模型进行相关理论计算,通过着重分析不同团簇模型s、p、d轨道上未成对电子数和态密度图发现,无论是单硼模型还是双硼模型,团簇的磁性均主要由d轨道中自旋向上的α成单电子贡献;仔细研究团簇的态密度图发现,α电子与β电子在一定条件下可以相互转化,且针对不同的轨道使电子自旋方向发生改变的能量值不同;从电子自旋态密度入手对团簇进行分析发现,所有构型s轨道一定会在某处发生电子自旋方向的改变,d轨道则无此现象,而从未被探究过的p轨道同s轨道一样,其上电子的自旋方向一定会在某处发生改变,这从理论上对Stern-Gerlach实验的结论进行了有力的论证与补充.     

电沉积法制备Co-Pt合金薄膜的结构及其磁性能

采用酒石酸铵为络合剂,碱性溶液作为电解液沉积体系,利用电化学共沉积法在铜基底上制备得到了Co-Pt合金薄膜,并对制备得到的合金薄膜进行了不同温度的退火热处理。电化学极化曲线研究表明,酒石酸铵络合剂的加入有效地使两种金属离子沉积电位接近。原子吸收光谱研究表明,合金薄膜中金属成分比率易受电解液中金属离子比率和沉积电流密度的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)研究表明,电沉积制备得到的不同组分Co-Pt合金薄膜均为无序排列面心立方(fcc)结构,经过450?℃退火热处理后部分转变为L1₀型超晶格结构。磁性研究表明,经过450?℃退火热处理后的合金薄膜具有较好的磁晶各向异性。     

半休氏勒合金LiMgAs结构和热力学性质的第一性原理计算

本文利用基于密度泛函理论的第一原理方法研究了Half-Heusler合金LiMgAs的结构性质以及热力学性质.所计算的晶格常数、弹性模量以及弹性模量对压强的导数均与实验及其他理论值相吻合.本文还计算了α、β和γ三种相的LiMgAs声子频率,发现没有虚频的α-LiMgAs热力学结构稳定,其他两相均有虚频,不稳定.本文通过准谐德拜模型,研究并获得了不同温度0～1500 K和不同压强0～70 GPa下的热膨胀系数、热容、熵、德拜温度和Grüneisen参数.我们发现,热膨胀系数、热容、熵和Grüneisen参数随温度的增加而增加,随压强的增加而减小;而温度和压强对德拜温度和弹性模量的影响和对上面其他物理量的影响恰好相反.另外,当温度高于1000 K时,热容值变化很小,遵循Dulong-Petit定律.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

非晶软磁合金Fe73.5 Cu1Nb3Si13.5 B9的退火处理与性能研究

研究了非晶软磁合金Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9在753～953K温度间等温退火后的纳米晶化行为和性能.实验证明,Cu和Nb等元素的加入有助于提高晶化温度、稳定非晶组织.同时采用差热分析和X衍射仪分析该合金的晶化相,退火后在非晶基体上析出单一的bcc结构的α Fe(Si)固溶体,在813～873K温度范围内可获得由非晶和纳米晶组成的双相组织,平均晶粒尺寸可达8～11nm.该合金在813K退火1h后可获得优良的软磁性能,即矫顽力为0.0703A/m,饱和磁化强度为105.9451Am2/kg,实现了延性和磁脆性的最佳配合.     

P对Cu-Co合金组织与性能的影响

采用真空高频感应熔炼技术制备出Cu-0.24Co-0.03P、Cu-0.24Co-0.09P和Cu-0.24Co-0.13P 3种Cu-Co-P合金,并对其进行了固溶、冷变形和时效处理。通过金相显微镜观察研究了Cu-Co-P合金不同工艺条件下的组织变化,利用涡流导电仪、万能试验机和维氏硬度计测量3种合金的导电率、抗拉强度和硬度。结果表明：在500 ℃时效处理1 h条件下,Cu-0.24Co-0.03P合金、Cu-0.24Co-0.09P合金和Cu-0.24Co-0.13P合金的导电率分别为61.0、72.0 、69.0 %IACS,维氏硬度分别为144.0、151.0、150.0,抗拉强度分别为408、444、420 MPa,抗软化温度分别为470,542、505 ℃。Cu-Co-P合金具有典型的韧性断裂特征,当P质量分数为0.09%时,合金的抗拉强度达到444 MPa,伸长率达到18 %,韧窝较多,深度明显,材料的拉伸性能更加优异。     

高合金钢中稀土对晶界沉淀及力学性能的研究

高合金钢中稀土含量的不同，晶界沉淀相的形貌、尺寸、数量和分布状态也不同，这直接影响合金的力学性能。本以高温合金和耐热钢为例探讨稀土元素对晶界沉淀和力学性能的影响.     

A multi-component nanocrystalline FeCrV alloy with improved mechanical properties and excellent irradiation resistance

An equiatomic low-activated FeCrV ternary alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The BCC solid solution alloy exhibited an excellent strength-ductility synergy properties, which was 1.85 ?GPa compressive yield strength, 3.04 ?GPa fracture strength and more than 28% plasticity at room temperature. Even at an elevated temperature of 600 ?°C, its yield strength was still more than 1 ?GPa, revealing a pronounced high temperature resistance. The FeCrV alloy had a homogeneous microstructure with high-density dislocations. A nanocrystalline characteristic was demonstrated and the average grain size was about 322 ?nm, leading to the improved mechanical properties. The strengthening mechanism was discussed in detail and the contributions of strengthening factors were calculated. The FeCrV alloy was irradiated up to 160 dpa with 2 ?MeV Au²⁺ ions at 573 ?K. The nanoindentation test was carried out to simply evaluate the hardening degree under such a high dose irradiation with heavy ions. The semi-quantitative analysis results show that FeCrV alloy has an excellent irradiation tolerance compared with pure Fe.     

Ni7Zr2非晶合金制备及其磁性能研究

采用行星式高能球磨机,通过在室温下球磨纯元素混合粉末制备出Ni7Zr2非晶合金粉末.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行了研究.结果发现球磨时间对混合粉末的结构及颗粒形貌均存在显著影响.随着球磨时间的增加,Ni、Zr颗粒发生严重塑性变形,并且通过冷焊团聚起来,形成具有层状结构的复合颗粒.由于磨球的剧烈撞击,使得结构发生了严重的畸变,从而破坏了原有的有序结构而形成了无序结构.另外,在进一步球磨过程中,合金的晶粒不断减小,形成高体积分数的晶界,而金属粉末不断地发生塑性变形,形成了点缺陷、位错等高密度缺陷,晶格发生严重的畸变,晶体自由能也相应不断上升,最后产生了非晶转变.磁性能测量表明,该合金粉末具有较好的软磁性能.     

Fe基非晶软磁合金的纳米晶化及磁性

研究了Fe78Si9B13,Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9,Fe74Cu1Mo2Nb1Si13B9三种非晶软磁合金在753～853K温度间等温退火1h后的纳米晶化行为和磁性,实验证明Cu,Nb和Mo元素的加入有助于提高晶化温度,稳定非晶组织.同时采用差热分析和X衍射仪分析了三种合金的晶化相,测量了其磁滞回线,结果表明1#,2#,3#合金分别在753K,813K,753K退火1h后可获得优良的综合软磁性能.     

Effect of initial orientation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy sheets via accumulated extrusion bonding

In this study, effects of initial orientation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy sheets via accumulated extrusion bonding(AEB) was systematically studied. The samples with RD and TD parallel to extrusion direction(ED) were labeled as RED and TED, respectively. RD and TD pieces alternately stacked was named as RTED. The results revealed that under three-dimensional compressive stress, {10-12} tensile twinning dominated the first stage deformation in container. ...     

挤压工艺对汽车用铝合金型材组织与性能的影响

以汽车用超薄壁6005A铝合金为研究对象,研究在热挤压时,铸锭加热温度、挤压速度对其组织、力学性能和导电率的影响。结果表明,适当降低铸锭加热温度并提高挤压速度对6005A铝合金型材综合性能有一定的提升作用;挤压速度对型材导电率的影响较小,铸锭加热温度越高,导电性能越好。     

添加钨和稀土元素对TiAl合金性能的影响

采用机械合金化结合粉末冶金技术制备Ti-44.7Al、Ti-44.7Al-xW、Ti-44.7Al-xLa-yCe合金材料,采用透射电镜和金相显微镜研究不同W、La、Ce添加量对机械合金化TiAl基合金的显微组织的影响,并对合金的力学性能进行测试.研究表明,在不添加任何元素时TiAl合金颗粒的平均尺寸为30～60 μm,但添加微量稀土元素La、Ce对TiAl基合金的细化作用非常明显,其平均尺寸为20 μm;通过机械合金化在TiAl基合金系统中添加微量W元素会形成新的固溶体相,这种新成分相大大提高TiAl基合金的抗弯强度σb,当W添加量为1.0%时,σb达到峰值,随后随着W原子数分数的增加,抗弯强度降低;TiAl合金的抗弯强度σb开始随着稀土元素La的增加而增加,在0.5%原子数分数处达到峰值,然后强度随稀土原子数分数的继续增加而下降;而合金的强度却随添加Ce的原子数分数的增加而直线下降,同时添加W的TiAl合金的强度高于加稀土La、Ce的TiAl合金的强度.     

网状结构对Fe72Y6B22非晶合金晶化行为和软磁性能影响的研究

对Fe72Y6822非晶合金的晶化行为和软磁性能进行了研究.分子动力学模拟结果显示,合金熔体中的团簇结构主要为〈0,3,6,0〉型多面体;实验结果显示,在合金的退火样品中存在由冠状三棱柱组成的网状结构.这种网状结构可提高合金在过冷液相区的热稳定性,抑制合金的晶化,改变合金的晶化方式,促进纳米α-Fe晶粒的形成.适当的退火工艺可以提高Fe72Y6822非晶合金的软磁性能.合金饱和磁化强度和矫顽力的变化是由于晶化过程的不同阶段析出纳米晶oc-Fe相、顺磁性的YB12相和弱磁性的Fe3B相所致.     

强磁场对Al-12.6%Si合金变质效果影响

研究了强磁场对共晶铝硅合金变质效果的影响．对共晶Al—12．6％Si合金进行Na盐变质处理,发现施加强磁场的条件下,在变质剂反应温度下保温20min,共晶硅细化,并呈现一定程度的粒状化,其变质效果明显优于不施加强磁场．760℃下延长保温时间至40min,未施加强磁场条件下的试样出现严重的变质衰退现象,施加强磁场的试样变质衰退现象相对教轻．在施加强磁场条件下,即使保温40min,其变质效果也优于不施加强磁场时保温20min时的,即强磁场具有一定的延长变质有效时间的作用．分析认为强磁场抑制对流是其中的原因之一．     

Effect of carbon addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of a typical hard-to-deform Ni-base superalloy

In this paper, the as-cast microstructure, microsegregation, and mechanical properties of GH4151 superalloys with a carbon addition were studied by scanner electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), electron probe microanalysis(EPMA), differential thermal analyzer(DSC), and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD). The results show that the solid solution effect of carbon in alloys is limited, the addition of C from 0.01 to 0.08 wt% significantly refines the secondary dendr...     

添加Ni对Mg—AI储氢合金电化学性能的影响

为探究添加Ni对Mg～A1储氢合金电化学性能的影响机制,笔者采用机械合金化在氩气保护下经高能球磨制备了添加5％Ni的MgssAl42储氢合金,利用电化学方法研究了球磨时间和添加Ni对其放电容量及腐蚀电化学性能的影响。结果表明：目前研究的储氢合金放电容量与球磨时间有关,随球磨时间的延长先变大,球磨10h时放电容量最大为408．5mAh·g^-1,此时的放电时间为490min,随后逐渐减少;储氢合金出现二次钝化现象,但二次钝化区间较短,腐蚀速度与球磨时间有关,球磨1h时腐蚀速度最低,此时的腐蚀电流密度为1．28×10^-5A·cm^-2;交流阻抗谱由单容抗弧组成,极化电阻随球磨时间的延长先减小再增大而后减小。添加5％Ni后合金放电容量最大,但腐蚀速度有所加快。     

放电功率对微晶硅薄膜的晶化调控及光电性质的影响

以SiCl_4和H_2为源气体、采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术在不同放电功率下沉积微晶硅薄膜,通过调节放电功率实现了微晶硅薄膜的晶化调控和光电性质的优化,并利用Langmuir探针和质谱计分别对等离子体空间的电子特性和中性基团进行在线检测,初步探讨了成膜的微观机理.