超短波跳扩频电台抗扫频干扰的性能仿真研究

依据超短波跳扩频电台的工作机理,采用Matlab中的Simulink分别建立了直扩、跳频、跳扩结合三种通信方式下的仿真模型以及扫频干扰模型。不仅研究了当存在扫频干扰时,改变扩频增益和跳频速度的参考值,仿真得出三种扩频方式下的误码率并进行了比较,还进一步探讨了改变扫频干扰参数（如扫频周期、扫频带宽等）情况下,计算各种通信方式下的干扰容限,比较得出跳扩结合模式抗扫频干扰性能最佳的结论。     

DS/BPSK扩频系统单频干扰方法研究及仿真实现

介绍了DS/BPSK扩频系统的基本原理,分析了单频干扰下的抗干扰性能,给出了单频干扰DS/BPSK扩频系统的最佳频率位置,建立了基于Simulink的单频干扰下的DS/BPSK扩频系统仿真模型,通过Simulink仿真分析,给出了单频干扰下系统各个阶段的频谱图及不同信噪比下的误码率,仿真结果表明:该方法对DS/BPSK扩频信号中心频率区域的干扰效果极其明显.     

直接扩频序列系统中IIR格型自适应滤波抗多窄带干扰

介绍了一种直接扩频系统中抗多个窄带干扰的多支路自适应IIR陷波滤波算法。通过频率分离 ,在各个支路通过谱线增强器估计干扰的瞬时频率和功率 ,减少了输入信号特征值扩散程度 ,加快了自适应算法收敛速度。采用一种IIR自适应格型陷波滤波技术 ,调整陷波器的深度 ,提高了输出信号信噪比。     

DS扩频系统的蒙特卡罗仿真及其音调干扰下的误码率分析

深入研究了直接序列扩系统的基本原理,分析了音调信号干扰直接序列扩频系统的规律,根据蒙特卡罗仿真方法基本思想,建立了直接序列扩频系统蒙特卡罗仿真模型,通过仿真得到了单频干扰和多频干扰条件下直接序列扩频系统的误码率,并对系统的抗干扰性能进行了分析,结果表明:适当选定干扰信号的中心频率后,多频干扰对直接序列扩频系统具有很强的干扰能力。     

信息驱动DS/FH通信系统性能分析

扩跳频通信技术以其良好的抗干扰能力广泛地应用于现代军事与民用通信中,但其频谱效率不够高。因此本文给出了一种信息驱动扩跳频(MD-DS/FH)通信系统模型,即在发射机中的跳频图案不再由传统的跳频码发生器驱动,而由所传输的部分信息数据来代替,并且接收机釆用包络检测器对载波频率进行盲检测。本文推导了AWGN与Rayleigh衰落信道下系统的误比特率公式,给出了闭合表达式,并通过仿真验证了理论推导的正确性。理论分析与仿真结果表明,所给通信系统在提高扩跳频通信系统频谱效率的同时,也提高了系统的误比特率和抗阻塞噪声干扰性能。      

Frequency shift keyed narrowband interference rejection: optimal exponential weighting factor for the RLS algorithm

Cochannel narrowband interference can limit the performance of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and high frequency (HF) systems. Narrowband interference (NBI) can be single tone, chirped or frequency shift keyed (FSK) in nature and numerous techniques for its removal have been proposed. Linear adaptive prediction filters based on autoregressive modelling have been suggested owing to their ability to perform in a non-stationary environment. In the FSK narrowband interference case, adaptive filters are susceptible to excess residual errors owing to instantaneous frequency step changes and the finite convergence time required for the filter to adapt to a new interference frequency. The signal degradation owing to this type of interference becomes greater in high SNR regimes and has been found to be a function of the frequency parameters of the FSK interference signal. The paper discusses the convergence and frequency tracking properties of the recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive lattice filter using a posteriori estimation errors in the presence of FSK narrowband interference. An optimal exponential weighting factor that balances convergence time and steady state error is derived for this case of NBI. Results are compared to those of a previously proposed fast converging minimum frequency error (FCMFE) RLS lattice filter.     

Optimization of Coded Spread Spectrum System Performance

Error correction coding techniques significantly improve performance of spread spectrum communication systems in environments containing jamming, multipath, and unregulated multiple access. This paper investigates the optimization of spread spectrum system performance for time-varying unknown interference. Noncoherent frequency hopping (FH) spread spectrum modulation, and hybrid FH-PN incorporating a direct sequence PN modulation on each hopped frequency are studied. For FH or FH-PN, the data modulations considered are differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK), differential quadriphase-quadriphase-shift-keying (DQPSK), and multiple-frequency-multiple-frequency-shift-keying (MFSK). Both block and convolutional error correction coding techniques are studied as a means of improving the spread spectrum performance.     

Rejection of an FH signal in a DS spread-spectrum system usingcomplex adaptive filters

The performance of a direct sequence QPSK spread-spectrum receiver using adaptive filters in the presence of frequency hopped interference is analyzed. The analysis includes both the adaptive prediction error filters and the adaptive transversal filters with two-sided taps. If the product of the instantaneous frequency offset Ω_l, between the jamming signal and the carrier of the spread-spectrum signal, and the sampling period Δ is 360° (Ω_l·Δ=360°), the filter gain is reduced to zero. The filter gain G highly depends on the filter adaptation rate μ. Depending on μ, G can vary from zero to more than 20 dB for a jammer/signal power ratio (J/S) of 20 dB. If Ω _l·Δ is small enough (⩽10°), the performance of the transversal filter is better than that of the prediction error filter, in the case when μ is small. For larger values of μ or Ω_l·Δ, these performances are approximately the same. Numerical results for the hopping sequence of the jamming signal are also presented. Besides the filter gain the analysis of the adaptation rate (time constant) filter misadjustment and the system bit error probability is also included     

Adaptive interference suppression for CDMA overlay systems

It has been proposed that CDMA systems can be assigned to spectral bands which are presently occupied by narrowband users to further increase spectral capacity. Such CDMA overlay systems could provide new options for efficient utilization of the spectrum with minimal disruption to existing narrowband users, especially if adaptive interference suppression techniques are utilized in the spread spectrum receiver. Previous studies have defined the SNR improvement ratio which can be achieved for tone interferers and for narrowband interferers for which the center frequency of the interference is at the carrier frequency of the CDMA signal. In this paper the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the mobile-to-base link of a CDMA system for a single narrowband user which occupies a significant portion of the CDMA bandwidth is evaluated. It is shown that the narrowband model used in previous studies does not apply in this case, especially for the large, effective, bandwidths which are characteristic of the interferers in the overlay system. The dependence of the BER on the filter order, the bandwidth of the interference, and its center frequency relative to the CDMA carrier frequency are defined. Additionally the increase in BER for a digital implementation of the adaptive suppression filter relative to the optimal Wiener filter is characterized with respect to the adaptive time constant and the quantization errors due to finite wordlength. It is shown that these implementation errors can be made negligible compared to the errors which are characteristic of the optimal Wiener filter. Analytic results are validated by simulation for typical system parameters     

干扰信号产生中的扩频跳频技术

文中介绍了扩频跳频技术在干扰信号产生中的应用。提出跳频码序列的两种构造方 法,并讨论跳频参数,最后分析了跳频干扰效果。     

Interference mitigation in spread spectrum communication systemsusing time-frequency distributions

The capability of the time-frequency distributions (TFDs) to properly represent a single as well as multiple component signals in time and frequency permits the application of a new approach for interference excision in spread spectrum communication systems. The instantaneous frequency (IF) estimate from the TFD is used to construct a finite impulse response filter that reduces the interference power with a minimum possible distortion of the desired signal. The proposed technique is therefore a case of open-loop adaptive filtering. Three- and five-coefficient zero-phase excision filters are considered. Closed-form expressions of the improvement of SNR at the receiver correlator output using the TFD-based adaptive filtering are derived for two extreme cases of time-varying interferers, namely, those of fixed frequency sinusoids and randomly changing instantaneous frequencies. Simulation results including the bit error rates are presented for both swept and frequency hopping jammers     

DS MIMO系统中叠加扩频及SP联合抗干扰

针对将直扩（direct spread, DS）与收发多天线（multiple input multiple output, MIMO）空时分组编码相结合存在多址干扰,且受到宽带干扰尤其强干扰时性能会恶化,提出一种叠加扩频的方法来消除多址干扰,并利用子空间分解（subspace projection, SP）的方法实现对宽带干扰的抑制,即将信道和接收矩阵投影到干噪子空间中构建等效矩阵进行译码,其中通过简化的最大比合并译码降低了空时分组译码复杂度。理论分析及仿真表明该抗干扰方案能够提高DS抗窄带干扰能力,并实现抗宽带干扰和对多址干扰的完全抑制。      

基于延时相乘及其改进算法的DS/FH信号率线检测

针对DS/FH（直扩/跳频）混合扩频信号截获和参数估计问题,提出了一种基于延时相 乘结合自适应滤波和分段自相关的新方法。该算法首先将输入信号进行自适应滤波以提高 信噪比,滤波后送入延时相乘器,最后将乘积后数据分段进行自相关,通过分析谱图即可检 测DS/FH混合扩频信号的码速率谱线。计算机仿真显示,改进的算法不但能适应低信噪比( -2 0 dB)条件下DS/FH混合扩频信号的检测,而且同时能够实现对码速率的估计。该方法所用 算法简单,适合采用硬件设计实现,且如果是合作目标信号,搜索时间短,实时性强。     

MC DS/SFH-CDMA systems for overlay systems

We introduce the slow frequency hopping (SFH) technique to the multicarrier (MC) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems for overlay situations. Using lower chip rate, which results in a narrower spectrum for each carrier and hopping the signal in frequency, the MC direct sequence (DS)/SFH system achieves better performance than the MC DS CDMA system in most cases, especially when the bandwidth of the narrowband interference (NBI) is narrower than one subchannel. It also exhibits a stable performance against the variations of the NBI location and bandwidth. When there is no NBI, the two systems perform approximately the same. The evaluation is performed over a frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel, with both Gaussian approximation and Monte Carlo simulation     

On‐line wavelet filtering of narrowband noise in signal detection of spread spectrum system for location tracking

Spread spectrum signal transmitted by wireless channel for location tracking can be severely corrupted by noise due to external disturbances. Narrowband noise is the most effective interference that can make measurement signal undetected. However, the current methods for narrowband interference (NBI) suppression are either very time‐consuming or add distortion to the signal received. In this paper, an adaptive Gaussian wavelet filter with optimal time–frequency localization and variable notch depth is proposed to suppress a large number of NBIs with additive white Gaussian noise and pulsed noise that interfere with the spread spectrum communication system. The filtering of both continuous and time‐varying NBIs with fast resampling is performed in conjunction with the fast Fourier transform‐based correlation for peak detection, and is computationally efficient for real‐time operation of signal detection. The performance of the adaptive filter has been evaluated by experiments employing a reliable noise detector. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed wavelet filter isolates the signals from the NBI in accordance with the corrupted frequency contents while preserving the desired spread spectrum signal, and improves signal to noise ratio for peak detection leading to higher accuracy of timing measurement for real‐time wireless location. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用于扩频信号提取的盲自适应频移滤波器

基于扩频信号的周期平稳特性,提出利用盲自适应频移滤波器(BA-FRESH)提取混杂在同类扩频干扰和白噪声中所需信号的方法。该滤波器不需要预先知道训练信号的统计特性。仿真实验证明,在有用信号和干扰的不同频谱重叠系数下,BA-FRESH滤波器均能够提高输出信噪比,在一定程度上提高扩频系统干扰容限,有利于进一步的信号处理。     

自适应捷变频雷达干扰技术分析

介绍了自适应捷变频雷达抗干扰技术特征,讨论了自适应捷变频雷达的几种干扰方法：欺骗自适应干扰、回答式干扰、扫频式干扰和宽带阻塞干扰。     

Polarization filtering for narrowband interference suppression in ultra‐wideband communications

To suppress narrowband interference (NBI) in an ultra‐wideband (UWB) communications environment, a null phase‐shift polarization (NPSP) filter is proposed. The proposed NPSP filter is a combination of a linear polarization‐vector transformer (PVT), a conventional single notch polarization (SNP) filter, and an amplitude and phase compensator (APC). The NBI, which has polarized states different from those of the UWB, can be suppressed completely and the UWB signal can be recovered without distortion if the polarized states can be estimated exactly. Analytical and simulation results indicate that the signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) can be improved effectively after NPSP filtering. The proposed NPSP filter can be implemented in a time‐hopping spread spectrum (TH‐SS) or a direct‐sequence spread spectrum (DS‐SS) UWB system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用不同调制方式实现跳／扩频混合通信的抗干扰性能

介绍了BPSK,QPSK,16PSK,FSK,MSK及GMSK 6种数字调制方式的特点,采用Matlab中的Simulink建立了各种调制方式实现DS/FH混合扩频系统的仿真模型.重点研究了跳/扩频通信系统在具有扫频干扰、跟踪干扰以及两者共存的环境下,采用不同调制方式时抗干扰性能的差异,并通过仿真计算误码率给出比较结果,由此得到的结论是：3种相移键控中的BPSK抗干扰性能最好,3种频移键控中的2FSK抗干扰性能最好,并且BPSK的抗干扰性能优于2FSK.     

随机M进制正交码混合DS—SFH CDMA扩频通信系统性能分析

本文研究了随机ＭＦ是制正交码混合ＤＳ－ＳＦＨ扩频码分多址信号经过多径瑞利频率非选择性衰落信道，在非相干ＲＡＫＥ接收机中采用最大输出信噪比选择或最大输出选择接收时系统的性能；给出了两种分集接收情况下差错概率表示式。数值计算研究了分集数，Ｍ值，多用户干扰对系统性能的影响，并且对这两种分集接收情况下系统性能进行了比较。