一种新型的定量测定特异性体液免疫功能的溶血空斑试验

根据补体经典途径激活时，可通过“旁立损伤”机制使邻近正常细胞溶解破坏的原理，该种溶血斑试验不仅可以用来定量检测分泌ＩｇＭ的抗体形成细胞，也可直接用来定量检测分泌ＩｇＧ的抗体形成细胞。与传统溶血空斑试验相比，其最大的优点是可用来检测机体对任何一种可溶性抗原的特异性体液免疫应答能力，从而扩展了应用范围。     

人外周血特异性抗体形成细胞的培养及检测

采用以绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）为免疫原，两次诱导并伴有ｐｗｍ作用的免疫培养方法，对２３例健康人外周血淋巴细胞进行体外诱导，并以空斑细胞（ｐｌａｑｕｅ－ｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｃｅｌ，ＰＦＣ）技术检测培养中产生的特异性抗体形成细胞（ａｎｔｉｂｏｄｙ－ｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇｃｅｌ），结果表明：该条件下的实验组产生的ＰＦＣ数最高，细胞活性好。以兔ＲＢＣ代替ＳＲＢＣ的特异性溶血试验中，几乎无ＰＦＣ产生，证实ＳＲＢＣ诱导ＰＦＣ的特异性及本实验体外免疫培养方法的可行性。此外，本文采用的改良ＰＦＣ单电子层的检测方法，操作简便，便于临床应用，可作为研究人体免疫细胞功能的手段之一。     

微量溶血分光光度法测定抗体形成细胞

溶血分光光度测定（ＱＨＳ）法是常用的抗体形成细胞功能测定法，它具有灵敏、稳定、客观等优点。ＱＨＳ全量法在试管内进行，抗体产生细胞、补体和ＳＲＢＣ（绵羊红细胞）用量各为１．０ｍｌ，总体积３．０ｍｌ，用量较大及检测不便是全量ＱＨＳ法的不足之处。我室将全量...     

牛膝多糖对小鼠体液免疫反应的增强作用

牛膝多糖（ＡＢＰ）是从传统中药牛膝根中分离得到的一有效成分。ＡＢＰｉｐ５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１×５ｄ能明显提高血清总ＩｇＧ及特异性抗体溶血素的含量，并增加脾脏ＰＦＣ数；还能对抗环孢霉素Ａ引起的ＰＦＣ及ＩｇＧ的下降。ＡＢＰ０．２～０．８ｇ·Ｌ－１体外能刺激小鼠脾细胞增殖，也能增强ＬＰＳ诱导的Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖。上述结果表明，ＡＢＰ能增强小鼠的体液免疫功能。     

血小板活化因子对B淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）对免疫应答的影响日益被重视。本文观察了血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）对Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠Ｂ淋巴细胞抗体生成能力的影响及对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（Ｍφ）产生肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）的影响。实验证明，ＰＡＦ（浓度为７．３×１０－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ～３．６５×１０－１２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能明显促使Ｂ细胞抗体生成能力上升和Ｍφ产生ＴＮＦ能力上升。实验组小鼠的溶血空斑数均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且实验组Ｍφ产生的ＴＮＦ对细胞杀伤率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

肝吸虫抗体的检测

目的探讨一种简便、敏感、特异的肝吸虫检验方法.方法以成虫粗蛋白为抗原,用酶联免疫试验(ELISA)方法和免疫层析法(ICT)检测肝吸虫患者血清中的肝吸虫抗体.肝吸虫患者均为大便检出虫卵.设健康人及其他疾病患者作对照.结果肝吸虫患者血清31例,ELISA法阳性30例;ICT阳性15例.其他疾病患者血清102例,ELISA法阳性10例;ICT阳性2例.健康人血清65例,ELISA法阳性5例;ICT阳性1例.ELISA法敏感性为96.8%;特异性为90.2%;诊断准确度为91.7%.ICT敏感性为48.4%;特异性为98.0%;诊断准确度为86.5%.结论 ELISA法敏感性高,操作比较简便,可作为肝吸虫病的初诊及普查筛选方法.     

不同纯系小鼠免疫球蛋白分泌细胞的检测

本文介绍用反向溶血空斑技术对三种纯系小鼠的脾和骨髓中自然免疫球蛋白分泌细胞(IgSC)数的检测,其结果如下:在8周龄时,C57BL小鼠,BALB/c小鼠及BALB/c裸小鼠脾中每10~5个有核细胞的IgSC数分别为81.8±51.6,71±47与178±42,这三纯系小鼠骨髓中每10~5个有核细胞的IgSC数分别为20.4±10.3、8.0±4.9与7.8±2.2。这些结果表明:(1)在出生8周左右,三种纯系小鼠脾中的IgSC数皆多于各自骨髓中的IgSC数。(2)C57BL小鼠体内IgSC数多于BALB/c小鼠的IgSC数,两系鼠骨髓中IgSC数的差别有显著性。(3)与预料的相反,裸小鼠睥中的IgSC数多于MHC基因相同的正常小鼠的水平。这提示,有关裸小鼠B细胞增殖与分化的调控机制有待进一步研究。     

肝吸虫抗体的检测

目的 探讨一种简便、敏感、特异的肝吸虫检验方法．方法 以成虫粗蛋白为抗原，用酶联免疫试验（ELISA）方法和免疫层析法（ICT）检测肝吸虫患者血清中的肝吸虫抗体．肝吸虫患者均为大便检出虫卵．设健康人及其他疾病患者作对照．结果肝吸虫患者血清31例，ELISA法阳性30例；ICT阳性15例．其他疾病患者血清102例，ELISA法阳性10例；ICT阳性2例．健康人血清65例，ELISA法阳性5例；ICT阳性1例．ELISA法敏感性为96．8％；特异性为90．2％；诊断准确度为91．7％．ICT敏感性为48．4％；特异性为98．0％；诊断准确度为86．5％．结论 ELISA法敏感性高．操作比较简便．可作为肝吸虫病的初诊及普查筛选方法．     

利用辣根过氧化物酶作抗原显示抗体形成细胞的探讨

用辣根过氧化物酶作为抗原免疫家兔，取国窝淋巴结作涂片，经该酶处理后显色，可清晰地定位抗体形成细胞－淋巴母细胞、浆母细胞、浆细胞和特化的小淋巴细胞内的抗体成分。该方法简便、特异性强。     

Effect of Sinomerine on Antibody Responses in Mice

Sinomenine, an epimorphinan alkaloid, was tested for the immunosuppressive effect in mice. This compound produced a decrease of plaque-forming cells (PFC) to a T cell-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells, in vivo. The depression of the PFC response induced with sinomenine was dose and time dependent. On the other hand, it failed to suppress the PFC response to a T cell-independent antigen, lipopolysaccharide. The immunosuppressive dose of sinomenine did not alter the cellularity of spleen, thymus, bone marrow and peripheral blood leucocytes, the DNA synthesis activity of bone marrow cells nor the proliferative responses of spleen cells induced by T cell and B cell mitogens in unprimed mice. These data suggest a selective effect of sinomenine on lymphoid cells. This compound has a potential for use in studies of immuno-deficiencies or clarifing some aspect of immunity.     

蒲黄在防治家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化中对前列腺素代谢的影响

104只大耳白雄性家兔,分成五组以观察在实验性动脉粥样硬化(以下简称As)形成过程中蒲黄对前列腺素代谢的作用及其在As防治中的意义。实验结果显示,蒲黄不仅能有效地抑制家兔食饵性高胆固醇血症的形成,尚能提高血浆6-酮-PGF_(1α)水平。尽管蒲黄并不能抑制血小板聚集,也不能降低血浆MDA水平,但该组的As病变明显减轻。而阿斯匹林虽能明显抑制血小板聚集和血浆MDA水平,但由于它同时抑制了动脉壁PGI_2合成,该组病变明显加重。这些结果均提示,动脉壁PGI_2生成的能力或PGI_2/TXA_2值是防治动脉粥种硬化的关键性因素。本实验也证明了血浆和血小板cAMP水平并非决定血小板聚集性的绝对因素。     

Effect of Anti-Cord Factor Antibody on Experimental Tuberculosis in Mice

Either active immunization with trehalose-6, 6'-dimycolate (cord factor)-methylated bovine serum albumin complex or passive transfer of rabbit anti-cord factor serum induced in mice an enhanced resistance against infection with virulent human Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This suggests that the anti-cord factor antibody exerts an infection-protecting effect by neutralizing the toxic action of cord factor during the course of living virulent infection with tubercle bacilli. The protective effect of active immunization with cord factor-methylated bovine serum albumin complex and of anti-cord factor serum was found to be specific for the tuberculous infection among a number of experimental infections in mice with a variety of cytopathogenic microorganisms tested.     

Effect of Mechlorethamine on SRBC-Induced Secondary Antibody Response in Mice

The effect of low-dose mechlorethamine (5μg/kg) on secondary humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), depending on time of exposure to the drug in relation to priming and challenge was studied in Balb/c mice. It was found that mechlorethamine in a dose of 5 μg/kg stimulated primary humoral response to SRBC resulting in the increased number of the plaque forming cells (PFC) and hemagglutinin titre (19S + 7S). However, this effect waned 10 days after immunization. On the other hand, the same mechlorethamine dose potentiated secondary humoral response to SRBC and increased the number of PFC and anti-SRBC hemagglutinin titres (notably 7S), which was due to the challenging antigenic stimulus. In each immunization, mechlorethamine administration prolonged the potentiating effect of the drug on anti-SRBC hemagglutinin titre. When mechlorethamine was administered to the mice only after priming, the number of PFC increased, but anti-SRBC hemagglutinin titre (7S) remained unchanged. This was likely due to the fact that mechlorethamine administered after priming increases the number of long-lived lymphocytes B, which in turn affect secondary humoral response.     

Effect of Mechlorethamine on SRBC-Induced Secondary Antibody Response in Mice

Abstract

The effect of low-dose mechlorethamine (5μg/kg) on secondary humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), depending on time of exposure to the drug in relation to priming and challenge was studied in Balb/c mice. It was found that mechlorethamine in a dose of 5 μg/kg stimulated primary humoral response to SRBC resulting in the increased number of the plaque forming cells (PFC) and hemagglutinin titre (19S + 7S). However, this effect waned 10 days after immunization. On the other hand, the same mechlorethamine dose potentiated secondary humoral response to SRBC and increased the number of PFC and anti-SRBC hemagglutinin titres (notably 7S), which was due to the challenging antigenic stimulus. In each immunization, mechlorethamine administration prolonged the potentiating effect of the drug on anti-SRBC hemagglutinin titre. When mechlorethamine was administered to the mice only after priming, the number of PFC increased, but anti-SRBC hemagglutinin titre (7S) remained unchanged. This was likely due to the fact that mechlorethamine administered after priming increases the number of long-lived lymphocytes B, which in turn affect secondary humoral response.     

枸杞多糖2对辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能恢复的影响

从枸杞子中提取的枸杞多糖（ｌｙｃｉｕｍｂａｒｂａｒｕｍｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ，ＬＢＰ）有较好的免疫增强作用，可促进Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞的功能，增强机体免疫监视功能以及降低抗肿瘤化疗药物引起的免疫抑制等作用。本文研究了ＬＢＰ２对辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能恢复的影响，ＬＢＰ２能明显促进辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能的恢复，照射后３０ｄ，胸腺指数、脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ、ＬＰＳ的增殖反应、ＭＬＲ、ＤＴＨ及ＰＦＣ均较照射对照组明显增强。     

Selective Suppression of Antibody Production with the Aid of Radiolabelled Birch Pollen Allergen

In accordance with the clonal selection theory we intended to prevent the development of artificially induced birch pollen allergy in rabbits with the aid of the radiolabelled' pollen allergen (75–1000 μCi¹²⁵ I-pollen/animal) intravenously administered prior to pollen sensitization. The birch pollen allergen, in accordance with Burnet's working hypothesis, reacts only with a genetically determining B cell subpopulation. The fixation of the radiolabelled birch pollen allergen to the receptors of the competent B cell clone causes the lesion of the latter. Compared with the control group, this group of rabbits showed an extensive suppression of anaphylactic reagin-like PCA-antibodies, and haemagglutinating antibodies in the blood as well as in nasal secretion. In addition, we tried to influence the already ongoing synthesis of the antibodies with the aid of a subsequent intravenously administered radiolabelled birch pollen allergen (750–1000 μCi¹²⁵ I-pollen/animal). An intensive suppression of the synthesis of antibodies could also be proved in this case. The simultaneous immunization of the control rabbits with birch pollen and egg albumin resulted in the production of antibodies against both antigens, as expected. The hot-labelled birch pollen antigen intravenously injected before or after immunization with egg albumin and birch pollen led selectively to suppression of anti-birch-pollen PCA antibodies. The synthesis of anti-egg albumin PCA antibodies was unaffected.     

The Inhibitory Effect of Binens Bipinnata L. Extract on U14 Tumour in Mice

The objective of this paper was to study the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect of Bidens bipinnata L. extract on growth of cervical carcinoma U14 cells. MTT method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of Bidens bipinnata L. extract on U14 tumour cells, and the effects of Bidens bipinnata L. extract on inhibition rate of solid tumour and life prolongation rate of ascites tumour were observed through the establishment of two animal models of mouse cervical carcinoma U14 solid tumour and ascites tumour. In the in vitro MTT assay, the inhibition rate gradually increased with the increase of dose of Bidens bipinnata L. and the extension of time. Its inhibition rate was 70.44% at a concentration of 80µg/L. Solid tumour inhibition rates in the high- and low-dose groups and cisplatin group were 49.13%, 2.26% and 75.72% respectively; life prolongation rates in each ascites tumour group were 63.63%, 34.86% and 87.34% respectively. The Bidens bipinnata L. extract has a certain inhibitory effect on growth of mouse cervical carcinoma U14.