Adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution using thiourea functionalized chelating fiber

A fast and selective adsorbent for Hg(II) from aqueous solutions using thiourea(TU) functionalized polypropylene fiber grafted acrylic acid(PP-g-AA),PP-g-AA-TU fibers,was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The adsorption behavior of the functionalized chelating fibers for Hg(II) was investigated by static adsorption experiments,and the effects of some essential factors on adsorption of Hg(II) were examined,such as pH,initial concentration,adsorption time,coexisting cations,and temperature.The results showed that the adsorptive equilibrium could be achieved in 10 min,and the equilibrium adsorption quantity of PP-g-AA-TU fibers was 20 times that of PP-g-AA fibers.The PP-g-AA-TU fibers showed a very high adsorption rate and a good selectivity for Hg(II) over a wide range of p H.The adsorption isotherm can be well described with Langmuir model,with the maximum adsorption capacity for Hg(II) up to52.04 mg·g~(-1)and the removal of Hg(II) more than 97%.The kinetic data indicate that the adsorption process is best-fitted into the pseudo-second-order model.     

Synthesis,adsorption and selectivity of inverse emulsion Cd(Ⅱ) imprinted polymers

Inverse emulsion polymerization was employed to synthesize inverse emulsion Cd(II) imprinted polymers(IEII P). The morphology and functional groups of IEIIP were characterized by SEM,FTIR and TG. Static adsorption experiments and competitive adsorption test were used to evaluate the adsorption ability of IEIIP. The adsorption capacity of polymers could reach 86.7 mg·g~(-1) under the optimal adsorption conditions. The pseudo second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model could be used to analyze the experimental data well. The adsorption process of IEIIP was chemical adsorption process and monomolecular type. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and could occur spontaneously. The selectivity coefficients k of Cd~(2+)/Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+)/Zn~(2+) and Cd~(2+)/Cu~(2+) were 2.4998, 1.2437 and 4.6882, respectively. The proposed method provides a new thought for removing Cd(II) in water samples.     

正磷酸活化木质素吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的固定床实验和模型(英文)

The advantage of using an available and abundant residual biomass,such as lignin,as a raw material for activated carbons is that it provides additional economical interest to the technical studies.In the current investigation,a more complete understanding of adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems onto H3PO4-acid activated lignin has been achieved via microcolumns,which were operated under various process conditions.The practice of using microcolumn is appropriate for defining the adsorption parameters and for screening a large number of potential adsorbents.The effects of solution pH(2-8),initial metal ion concentration(0.483-1.981 mmol·L-1),flow rate(1.0-3.1 cm3·min-1),ionic strength(0.01-0.30 mmol·L-1) and adsorbent mass(0.11-0.465 g) on Cr(VI) adsorption were studied by assessing the microcolumn breakthrough curve.The microcolumn data were fitted by the Thomas model,the modified Dose model and the BDST model.As expected,the adsorption capacity increased with initial Cr(VI) concentration.High linear flow rates,pH values and ionic strength led to early breakthrough of Cr(VI).The model constants obtained in this study can be used for the design of pilot scale adsorption process.     

Adsorption removal of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol from wastewater by metal–organic framework Cr-BDC

In the present paper, a metal–organic framework Cr-BDC was prepared and used as adsorbent for adsorption of o-nitrophenol(ONP) and p-nitrophenol(PNP) from aqueous solutions. Cr-BDC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and BET methods. The results indicate that Cr-BDC gets a very large specific surface area of 4128 m~2·g~(-1)and pore sizes are concentrated in 1 nm, which is a benefit for using for wastewater treatment. The influences of the adsorption conditions, such as temperature,solution concentration, adsorption time and reusability on adsorption performance were investigated. Cr-BDC exhibited an encouraging uptake capacity of 310.0 mg·g~(-1)for ONP, and adsorption capacity of Cr-BDC for ONP is significantly higher than that for PNP under suitable adsorption conditions. The characterizations of adsorption process were examined with the Lagergren pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the intra-particular diffusion model. Kinetics experiments indicated that the pseudo-second-order model displayed the best correlation with adsorption kinetics data. Furthermore, our adsorption equilibrium data could be better described by the Freundlich equation. The results indicate that the as-prepared Cr-BDC is promising for use as an effective and economical adsorbent for ONP removal.     

Removal of diclofenac from aqueous solution with multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified by nitric acid☆

Modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as adsorbents for removal of diclofenac. The re-action conditions were examined. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models were applied to determine appropriate equilibrium expression. The results show that the experimental data fit the Freundlich equation well. Thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. The kinetic study indicates that the adsorption of diclofenac can be well described with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the process is controlled by multiple steps.     

褐煤活性炭吸附苯酚的研究

The feasibility and adsorption effect of lignite activated carbon for phenol removal from aqueous solutions were evaluated and investigated. A series of tests were performed to look into the influence of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial phenol concentration, temperature, and pH value on the adsorption of phenol by lignite activated carbon. The experimental data were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption is an endothermic process and conforms to Freundlich thermodynamic model. The results indicate that the lignite activated carbon is suitable to be used as an adsorbent material for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions.     

D72树脂对镨(Ⅲ)的吸附性能(英文)

In this work, the feasibility of using a macroporous strong acid ion exchange resin (D72) as an adsorbent for praseodymium (Ⅲ) was examined. The adsorption behavior and mechanism were investigated with various chemical methods and IR spectrometry. The results showed that the loading of Pr (III) ions was strongly dependent on pH of the medium and the optimal adsorption condition is in HAc-NaAc medium with pH value of 3.0. Adsorption kinetics of Pr (III) ions onto D72 resin could be best described by pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of D72 for Pr (Ⅲ) was evaluated to be 294 mg·g 1 for the Langmuir model at 298K. The apparent activation energy, E a , was 14.71 kJ·mol 1 . The calculated data of thermodynamic parameters, ΔSΘ value of 100 J·mol 1 ·K 1 and ΔHΘ value of 8.89 kJ·mol 1 , indicate the endothermic nature of the adsorption process, while a decrease of ΔGΘ with increasing temperature indicates the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Finally, Pr (Ⅲ) can be eluted by using 1.00 mol·L 1 HCl-0.50 mol·L 1 NaCl solution and the D72 resin can be regenerated and reused. Thomas model was successfully applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for process design. The characterization before and after adsorption of Pr (Ⅲ) ions on D72 resin was conformed by IR.     

Removal of Cd（II） by Nanometer AIO（OH） Loaded on Fiberglass with Activated Carbon Fiber Felt as Carrier

A new nanometer material, nanometer AlO（OH） loaded on the fiberglass with activated carbon fibers felt（ACF） as the carrier, was prepared by hydrolytic reaction for the removal of Cd（II） from aqueous solution using column adsorption experiment. As was confirmed by XRD determination, the hydrolysis production loaded on fiberglass was similar to the orthorhombic phase AlO（OH）. SEM images showed that AlO（OH） particles were in the form of small aggregated clusters. The Thomas model was applied for estimating the kinetic parameters and the saturated adsorption ability of Cd（II） adsorption on the new adsorbent. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd（II） was 128.50 mg·g^-1 and 117.86 mg·g^-1 for the adsorbent mass of 0.3289 g and the adsorbent mass of 0.2867 g, respectively. The elution experiment result indicated that the adsorbed Cd ions was easily desorbed from the material with 0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl solution. Adsorption-desorption cycles showed the feasibility of repealed uses of the composited material. The adsorption capacities were influenced by pH and the initial Cd（II） concentration. The amount adsorbed was greatest at pH 6.5 and the initial Cd（II） concentration of 0.07 mg·L^-1, respectively. Nanometer AlO（OH） played a major role in the adsorption process, whereas the fiberglass and ACF were assistants in the process of removing Cd（II）. In addition, the adsorption capacities for Cd（II） were obviously reduced from 128.50 mg·L^-1 to 64.28 mg·L^-1 when Pb ions were present because Pb ions took up more adsorption sites.     

Use of chemically activated cotton nut shell carbon for the removal of fluoride contaminated drinking water:Kinetics evaluation☆

Chemically activated cotton nut shell carbons (CTNSCs) were prepared by different chemicals and they were used for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. Effects of adsorption time, adsorbent dose, pH of the solution, initial concentration of fluoride, and temperature of the solution were studied with equilibrium, ther-modynamics and kinetics of the adsorption process by various CTNSC adsorbents. It showed that the chemical y activated CTNSCs can effectively remove fluoride from the solution. The adsorption equilibrium data correlate well with the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption of fluoride by the chemical y activated CTNSC is spon-taneous and endothermic in nature. The pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data. The pseudo second order kinetic model provided a better correlation of the experimental data in comparison with the pseudo-first-order and intra particle diffusion models. A mechanism of fluoride adsorption associating chemisorption and physisorption processes is presented allowing the discussion of the variations in adsorption behavior between these materials in terms of specific surface area and porosity. These data suggest that chemically activated CTNSCs are promising materials for fluoride sorption.     

累托石吸附分离水中金霉素(英文)

The removal of antibiotics from water by clay minerals has become the focus of research due to their strong adsorptive ability. In this study, adsorption of chlortetracycline (CTC) onto rectories was conducted and the effects of time, concentration, temperature and pH were investigated. Experimental results showed that adsorption equilibrium was reached in 8 h. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of CTC on rectories was 177.7 mg·g 1 at room temperature. By the study on adsorption dynamics, it is found that the kinetic date fit the pseudo-second-order model well. The adsorption of CTC by rectories is endothermic and the free energy is in the range of 10 to 30 kJ·mol 1 . The pH value of solution has significant effects on adsorption and the optimal pH is at acidity (pH 2-6). At concentration of 2500 mg·L 1 , the intercalated CTC produces an interlayer space with a height of 1.38 nm, which is 1.12 nm in raw rectories, suggesting that the adsorption occurs between layers of rectories.     

碳羟基磷灰石/钾长石复合材料对镍的吸附性能研究

以钾长石为原料,用液相合成法制备碳羟基磷灰石/钾长石吸附剂（CHAK）去除水中的重金属镍,用静态吸附实验考察了CHAK添加量、溶液初始pH、吸附时间、镍初始浓度等因素对镍去除效果的影响,并结合动力学及热力学拟合探究吸附机理。结果表明：随着CHAK量的增加,对Ni ²⁺的去除率增加,但吸附量会降低;溶液pH=6时吸附效果达到最佳;吸附时间为10 h时吸附达到平衡;Ni ²⁺溶液的初始质量浓度为50~4 000 mg/L时,CHAK对Ni ²⁺的吸附量呈先增长后平稳趋势,饱和吸附量与原材料相比增大7.1倍。动力学及热力学拟合结果显示：准二级模型更符合描述该吸附行为。ΔH>0,表明该吸附过程为吸热反应,升温有利于吸附。ΔG<0,表明该反应能自发进行。     

钾长石负载二氧化锰对Ni 2+的吸附性能研究

以钾长石为原料,在其表面负载二氧化锰以合成二氧化锰/钾长石复合吸附材料（MnO₂/Kfs）。通过静态吸附实验考察了不同影响因素对Ni ²⁺吸附性能的影响,并对吸附过程中吸附等温特性、吸附动力学和吸附热力学进行了研究。结果表明,溶液初始pH、MnO₂/Kfs添加量、吸附时间和温度的增加均有利于MnO₂/Kfs对Ni ²⁺的吸附;在20 mL初始质量浓度为100 mg/L的Ni ²⁺溶液中,MnO₂/Kfs添加量为0.20 g、初始pH为6、298 K下吸附10 h时,MnO₂/Kfs对Ni ²⁺的吸附率达到90.68%。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型,表明MnO₂/Kfs对Ni ²⁺的吸附是以化学吸附为主的单分子层吸附;温度为298、308、318 K时,其理论最大吸附量分别为14.217、22.114、27.218 mg/g。吸附热力学结果表明,吸附是一个自发吸热熵增的过程。MnO₂/Kfs重复使用4次对Ni ²⁺仍有较高的吸附率,再生性能良好。     

Biosorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of Au（Ⅲ） and Cu（Ⅱ） on Magnetotactic Bacteria

Magnetotactic bacteria （MTB） as biosorbents for the adsorption of Au（Ⅲ） and Cu（Ⅱ） ions from aqueous solution have been investigated. The optimum adsorption conditions for both metal ions were the initial pH scope of 1-5.5 for Au（Ⅲ） and 2.0-4.5 for Cu（Ⅱ）, room temperature, biomass concentration of 10.0g.L^-1 and sorotion du-ration more than 10 min. When the initial metal concentration were within 500mg.L^-1, the maximum biosorption capacity of 1.0g of MTB （dry mass basis） for Au（Ⅲ） and Cu（Ⅱ） were calculated as 505.2mg of Au（Ⅲ） and 493.1mg of.Cu（Ⅱ） by Langmuir model in single system, respectively. The isotherm equilibrium of Au（Ⅲ） and Cu（Ⅱ） ions in the Au-Cu binary system reflected a unique phenomenon that the adsorption of Au（Ⅲ） was rein-forced and that of Cu（Ⅱ） prohibited, compared respectively-with their performances in the single metal system.When the,concentration of-Au（Ⅲ） and Cu（Ⅱ）. were below 80mg.L^-1, the waste waterafter MTB treating, wasbelow 1.0mg.L^-1, which is in conformity with Environmental Performance Standards （EPS） of Canada. Besides, all the kinetic data were fitted well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model with a high correlation coefficient （R^2〉0.999）.     

D301大孔吸附树脂吸附甘氨酸

通过静态吸附法研究了树脂D301对水溶液中甘氨酸的吸附行为。采用单因素实验法确定了最佳吸附条件为pH 7.5,温度35℃,时间45 min,吸附剂用量为0.1 g,在此条件下最大平衡吸附量可达794.81 mg·g^-1。同时探究了D301对甘氨酸溶液吸附的热力学行为,测得了303.15～318.15 K温度范围内的吸附等温线数据,用Langmuir、Freundlich、Temkin方程对此进行拟合,并根据热力学原理计算得到吸附过程中ΔH^θ、ΔG^θ、ΔS^θ值和吸附表观活化能。结果表明等温吸附平衡符合Langmuir等温线模型,其ΔH^θ 134.75 kJ·mol^-1,ΔG^θ-6.312 kJ·mol^-1, ΔS^θ 450.806 J·mol^-1·K^-1,E_a为81.27 kJ·mol^-1。研究结果表明D301对甘氨酸的吸附为化学吸附和物理吸附共存且为自发进行的吸热过程。     

Adsorption characteristics of metal-capture-agent immobilized PAC for low concentration Cr(Ⅵ) in water at low temperature

针对低温微污染水中(275 K)低浓度Cr(Ⅵ)离子(0.500 mg·L^-1),制备基于表面负载食品级单宁酸为金属捕获剂的改性PAC(TA-PAC),以HNO₃、NaOH氧化改性PAC为对照,研究了TA-PAC的表面物理化学特性和吸附性能,并进行了pH影响和吸附等温线拟合研究。结果表明:TA-PAC的比表面积、总孔容积和表面极性大小最佳。TA-PAC对低温水中Cr(Ⅵ)及总铬的去除效果优于N-PAC和OH-PAC。酸性范围内(pH=3.0~6.0)TA-PAC对Cr(Ⅵ)及总铬的去除率均大于碱性范围(pH=7.0~10.0)。Freundlich 双参数吸附等温式对TA-HNC吸附水中低浓度总铬的吸附等温线拟合效果最好(R²=0.9941)。TA-PAC吸附低温水中低浓度Cr(Ⅵ)是一个极为复杂的过程,主要吸附机理可能包括表面还原作用、酯化/螯合作用和离子交换作用等。     

功能化磁性纳米复合材料Fe3O4-mPD/SP吸附Cr(Ⅵ)研究

在超声波条件下先制得纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒,再在超声波辐照下一步合成氨基、亚氨基和磺酸基修饰的功能化磁性纳米复合材料Fe₃O₄-mPD/SP（50∶50）,采用TEM、XRD、IR、TGA、VSM及BET对其进行表征,考察了其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,结果表明：溶液pH对Cr(Ⅵ) 吸附影响显著,pH=2时,吸附效果最好;吸附剂投加量、竞争性阴离子（Cl^-,NO₃^-,SO₄^2-）、温度等均会对吸附Cr(Ⅵ) 造成一定影响。等温吸附数据符合Freundlich模型,K_F=34.464 mg^1-(1/n)·L^1/n·g^-1,n=3.861;对Cr(Ⅵ) 的吸附为自发过程,?G⁰<0,?S⁰=73.368 J·mol^-1·K^-1,?H⁰=19.375 kJ·mol^-1;准二级动力学方程能很好地描述Cr(Ⅵ) 在Fe₃O₄-mPD/SP（50∶50）上的吸附行为,k₂=1.324×10^-3 g·mg^-1·min^-1,q_e=77.157 mg·g^-1;推测出吸附机理包括静电吸附,氧化还原和离子交换。     

Adsorption characteristics of U(Ⅵ)on tea waste

通过静态吸附实验,考察了铀溶液初始pH、初始浓度以及吸附时间、吸附剂粒度、温度对茶渣吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响,分析了吸附过程的动力学行为及等温吸附特性,并通过红外光谱和扫描电镜探讨了吸附机理。结果表明:pH对茶渣吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响较大,pH为2和6时吸附量分别为13.90、43.19 mg·g^-1。茶渣吸附U(Ⅵ)的过程较慢,吸附过程需要12 h才能达到平衡。吸附过程的准二级动力学方程的拟合效果优于准一级动力学方程。吸附量随铀溶液浓度的增加而增大,而吸附率则相反。铀溶液初始浓度为10~100 mg·L^-1,相应的吸附量为9.40~70.05 mg·g^-1,吸附率为94.04%~70.05%。茶渣吸附U(Ⅵ)的动力学行为更符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附数据对Freundlich方程的拟合度较高。茶渣粒度及温度对茶渣吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响不大。茶渣吸附U(Ⅵ)的过程中,起主要作用的基团有羟基、羰基、硝基、P—O、Si—O。