干涉型光纤水听器虚拟接口设计与实现

为设计干涉型光纤水听器虚拟接口,分析了其输出信号特点,根据非NI采集卡特性,利用VC＋＋设计文件名为hs．dll动态链接库（DLL）。通过调用动态链接库,在LabVIEW平台下编写信号虚拟化VI程序,并采集模拟水听器信号,分析信号特征。结果证明信号达到了虚拟化理想效果,可为虚拟解调干涉型光纤水听器提供接口电路。     

干涉型光纤光栅水听器实验研究

介绍了干涉型光纤光栅水听器的传感原理,阐述了光纤光栅水听器的干涉仪解调实验系统构成方式。利用金属弹性片增敏结构构成的光纤光栅水听器试样,测得其增敏结果为9000倍,试样测试得到100～1000Hz内-172--164dB的相移灵敏度实验结果。     

光纤水听器时分复用阵列串扰分析

采用高相干窄带光源的光纤水听器时分复用(TDM)阵列中,信号光与其余通道的泄漏光之间不是简单的强度叠加,而是互相干涉。以此为基础,推导了8路TDM阵列中各通道光束相互作用的理论公式,得到了光开关的消光比是决定系统串扰的主要因素,最大串扰值约为消光比的一半的结论。信号解调采用相位载波解调(PGC),由于串扰频率分布广且远高于信号频率,提出了采样前先低通滤波的信号检测方案,该方案可滤除串扰高频成分,大大减小串扰频率混叠对PGC解调的影响。     

干涉型光纤传感器光正交外差解调技术研究

针对干涉型光纤传感器信号传感的原理特点,本文提出了一种光正交外差解调技术.该方法使用可调光纤延时线进行传感光信号延迟的精确调整以实现正交外差解调,从而减少了光电探测器的低频噪声影响.与常规的外差解调技术相比,提出的解调结构方案消除了电子移相元件所带来的额外电子噪声与环境温度变换引起的相位漂移.通过压电陶瓷环谐振特性测量实验,表明了提出的基于光正交外差的干涉型光纤传感器解调技术可以有效地进行干涉振动信号的解调,实验取得的最小可探测相移量可达到9.2× 10-5 rad.     

光纤水听器调制激光光源的一种实现方法

在干涉型光纤水听器的信号检测技术中,采用相位载波零差检测方式,直接调制激光光源,具有明显的优越性。提出了一种实现方法,通过产生高频正弦波,对激光光源(多量子阱分布反馈激光器),进行直接驱动调制。光源调制输出波形精确多样(正弦波、三角波(包括锯齿波)和方波),输出频率大范围(0～20MHz),连续可调。实验表明达到了水听器对光源的要求。此调制技术也可在光纤通信等其它领域得以应用。     

光学法复现水声声压中的过零点解调系统设计

激光外差干涉是新一代水声声压基准的主要技术,光学干涉系统中的信号解调算法直接影响质点振速和声压量值。为准确得到测量结果,详细介绍了如何从多普勒信号中得到水质点振速的过零点解调算法,并建立了一套在线解调系统。该系统利用信号源产生两路相互正交的多普勒信号模拟光电二极管的输出,再经差分放大电路后进入示波器进行数据采集,最后由主机软件在线读取数据并完成质点振速解调。实验结果有效验证了过零点算法和解调系统的正确性和稳定性,所设计的过零点解调系统可直接应用于激光外差干涉法复现水声声压。     

干涉型光纤传感局放超声检测灵敏度影响研究

针对电力设备局部放电检测灵敏度要求较高的问题,提出不同长度的延迟光纤对基于干涉型Sagnac光纤传感技术的局部放电超声检测系统灵敏度的影响,设计电力设备局部放电模拟装置,搭建干涉型Sagnac光纤法检测局部放电系统,进行局部放电光纤法检测灵敏度理论分析与试验验证。试验证明,在10 kV电压等级下,传感光纤长度在10 km以内,当延迟光纤的长度约为12～18 km时,局部放电频域信号中心频率强度有最大值;当延迟光纤长度为12.353 km时,传感光纤对局部放电时域信号响应的灵敏度较高。研究表明,调节合适的延迟光纤长度,可以提高干涉型Sagnac光纤法检测局部放电时域和频域信号的灵敏度,可为电力设备局部放电光纤法检测灵敏度的提升提供新的思路。     

干涉型光纤水听器灵敏度校准方法研究

研究了利用贝塞尔函数比值来估算得到干涉型光纤水听器光相移的方法,而得到光纤水听器的相移灵敏度。对理论模型进行了模拟,并对一推挽式干涉型零差光纤水听器进行了实际校准。     

干涉型光纤水听器PGC解调处理研究

在干涉型光纤水听器的信号检测处理技术中,基于相位产生载波(Phase Generated Carrier 简称PGC)的处理方法应用广泛,本文通过对PGC技术的理论和仿真分析,说明采用PGC技术的可行性意义,并在光纤水听器系统联调实验中得到了验证     

基于干涉解调技术的光纤激光器水声传感系统

分析了基于Michelson干涉解调技术的光纤激光器水声传感的原理,在一段掺铒光纤中写入具有π相移的光纤光栅构成光纤激光器,水声压力作用在激光器上引起激光工作波长的变化;采用基于3×3耦合器的偏振无关的非平衡光纤Michelson干涉仪将激光波长变化转化为干涉仪的相位变化;干涉仪的输出由光电探测器转换后使用DSP进行信号解调.针对3×3耦合器分光比不对称的问题,本文提出利用实时调整幅度的2路干涉信号进行解调的方案,该方案不需要3×3耦合器有严格的分光比,消除了外界环境对解调输出的非线性影响.水声探测实验表明,光纤激光器水声传感系统的声压灵敏度为-166.5 dB(参考值1 rad/μPa),解调结果与水声信号具有良好的线性关系.     

评价光纤水听器探头的性能参数

光纤水听器声学性能的准确评价一直是人们非常关心的问题。简要叙述了相位干涉型光纤水听器的工作原理,指出了光纤水听器探头和光纤水听器系统的区别。作为光纤水听器的关键技术之一,光纤水听器探头声学性能的测试还没有明确的规范或标准。为此,提出了有关评价光纤水听器探头声学性能的参数,如相移灵敏度、加速度相移灵敏度、相对加速度相移灵敏度、指向性、相移灵敏度随静水压的变化、相移灵敏度随温度的变化等的定义,并给出了相关的表达式,对准确测量和评价光纤水听器探头的声学性能有一定的借鉴意义。并希望通过这样的讨论,促进光纤水听器探头性能测试的规范和相关标准的制定。     

同轴干涉型光纤水听器声压灵敏度特性分析

建立了等效模型对含弹性增敏层的同轴干涉型光纤水听器的声压灵敏度进行了理论研究，分析了探头的结构参数和材料特性对声压灵敏度的影响．分析表明，水听器的声压灵敏度随缠绕光纤长度和芯轴长度的增加而增加，随骨架厚度和增敏层的厚度比例的减小而增大，同时采用杨氏模量和泊松系数小的增敏材料能够提高灵敏度．得到了提高探头声压灵敏度的有效途径，并制作了一系列光纤水听器样品，对理论分析结果进行了实验验证，理论分析结果与实验结果基本吻合．     

Absolute measurements of ultrasonic pressure by using high magnetic fields

A hydrophone is introduced that exploits the emf signal generated in a conductor when sonicated in the presence of a uniform static magnetic field. The method uses a small metal coil or metal membrane as a hydrophone receiver. Acoustic signals at 748 kHz are introduced in 1.5 T and 4.7 T fields and recorded both through direct electrical contact with the hydrophone and via RF pick-up coils, allowing wireless placement of the hydrophone. Linear response Is confirmed over four orders of magnitude in the pressure amplitude. Waveforms determined from the detected voltage are shown to be in excellent agreement with those obtained using a calibrated polyvinylidene difluoride film, and absolute values correlate within 20%. The methods are conceptually suitable for use in the presence of the high and uniform field of commercial MR scanners. The hydrophone may appear particularly useful as a quality assurance device in therapeutic and diagnostic acoustic techniques that use MRI.     

Broadband PVDF membrane hydrophone for comparisons of hydrophone calibration methods up to 140 MHz

A PVDF membrane hydrophone has been constructed in particular for comparisons of broadband ultrasound hydrophone calibration methods and of the results obtained by different laboratories. Intercomparisons have to accompany the efforts currently undertaken to enhance the calibration frequency ranges and to implement the extension from the determination of amplitude-only to complex-valued calibration data. It can be expected that such hydrophone data will be used much more frequently in the future for exposure measurements on medical ultrasound equipment, in particular for the detection of nonlinearly distorted waveforms. The hydrophone design chosen has a foil thickness of 9 microm and an electrode diameter of 210 microm. A broadband differential preamplifier (-3 dB roll-off frequency: 95 MHz) is integrated to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio over a broad frequency range (e.g., 26 dB-30 dB in the range 50 MHz to 140 MHz for measurements of nonlinearly distorted pulses). The hydrophone response was characterized by means of a primary interferometric calibration technique, by substitution calibration using time-delay spectrometry, and by complex broadband pulse calibration using nonlinear sound propagation. The results show a flat frequency response up to 40 MHz (maximum variations below +/-0.6 dB) and a thickness mode resonance at about 105 MHz. They indicate a useable bandwidth up to 140 MHz. The effective diameter as derived from directional response measurements is 240 microm at frequencies beyond 15 MHz.     

干涉合成孔径声纳海试样机研制与试验

介绍了干涉合成孔径声纳海试样机的研制情况,重点阐述了其中的主要关键技术：实时干涉信号处理技术、高稳定性拖曳体设计以及高幅相一致性基阵设计,并给出了干涉合成孔径声纳的湖试和海试成像结果。结果表明：干涉合成孔径声纳海试样机系统稳定可靠,成功获取了海底的高精度数字高程图,距离分辨率达到2．5cm,方位分辨率达到5cm,高程测量精度约为0．15m。     

单矢量水听器二维DOA估计算法

为了减小传统声压阵的布阵规模,提高传统声压阵的测量精度,利用矢量水听器的阵列流形特性,使用阵列信号处理的原理进行二维DOA估计。将单个矢量水听器理解成一个声压水听器和三个振速水听器组成的阵列,在无需知道信号先验知识的条件下,分别采用MUSIC算法和ESPRIT算法对多个不相关的单频窄带信号的二维DOA进行了估计。仿真结果表明:在高信噪比情况下,两种算法的精度都很高,优于5阵元的声压平行线阵。利用单矢量水听器能够对信号的二维到达角进行有效估计,远小于传统声压阵的布阵规模。     

In-vivo fetal ultrasound exposimetry

An instrument has been developed to measure the acoustic pressure field in vivo during an obstetric ultrasound examination. This provides for improved intensity values for exposure calculations, to assist in assessment of bioeffects. The ultrasonic field is sampled using a calibrated seven-element linear array hydrophone of poly(vinylidene difluoride) transducers, which is placed as close as possible to the ovary, embryo, or fetus using a vaginal approach. The RF signals from the hydrophone are digitized at 50 MHz, and the maximum amplitude waveform received in the examination is recorded. The output of the clinical B-scanner is calibrated by a measurement with the hydrophone in a water bath. From the hydrophone measurements, the in vivo I(SPTA), I(SPTP), and I(SPPA) are computed. Further analysis allows the frequency-dependent tissue attenuation to be assessed.     

Distance and velocity measurements by the use of an orthogonal Michelson interferometer

A novel signal processing scheme for detecting distance and velocity signals simultaneously is demonstrated. In this method, a frequency-modulated diode laser is used to illuminate a dual-channel Michelson interferometer with two orthogonal output signals. The distance and the velocity signals then exist on the beat frequencies of the output interferometric signal. Two interferometric output signals with a quadrature phase shift are used to adjust the gating time period of frequency counters for beat-frequency measurement. The distance and velocity signals can thus be obtained from the counting number within the gated-in time period.     

Amplitude and phase calibration of hydrophones by heterodyne and time-gated time-delay spectrometry

Two methods for the amplitude and phase calibration of hydrophones based on time-delay spectrometry are presented: a time-gating technique and heterodyne frequency conversion that allows the phase-locked (i.e., coherent) detection of hydrophone signals. Amplitude and phase of the hydrophone sensitivity are obtained in the frequency range 1-20 MHz. In addition, to show the broad-band capabilities of the methods, amplitude values are measured between 4 and 50 MHz.     

Signal extraction in a power-recycled michelson interferometer with fabry-perot arm cavities by use of a multiple-carrier frontal modulation scheme

We present a signal extraction scheme for longitudinal sensing and control of an interferometric gravitational-wave detector based on a multiple-frequency heterodyne detection technique. Gravitational-wave detectors use multiple-mirror resonant optical systems where resonance conditions must be satisfied for multiple degrees of freedom that are optically coupled. The multiple-carrier longitudinal-sensing technique provides sensitive signals for all interferometric lengths to be controlled and successfully decouples them. The feasibility of the technique is demonstrated on a tabletop-scale power-recycled Michelson interferometer with Fabry-Perot arm cavities, and the experimentally measured values of the length-sensing signals are in good agreement with theoretical calculations.