高温2∶17型SmCo永磁体的显微组织及其与磁性能的关系

为了解2∶17型SmCo永磁体的显微组织与磁性能的关系,用粉末冶金法制备了4种Sm(CobalFe0.1-CuyZr0.04)z烧结磁体,每种成分磁体都进行了热处理工艺优化实验;并对磁体的显微组织及其与磁性能的关系进行了研究。结果表明:z值较低,同时Cu含量又较高的Sm(CobalFe0.1Cu0.16Zr0.04)6.7磁体具有最佳磁性能;扫描电镜(SEM)观察表明:显微组织表现为晶粒细小均匀且基本没有孔洞,晶界析出物均匀平滑地沿晶粒边界析出、且不成大块聚集的磁体具有较好的磁性能;磁力显微镜(MFM)观察表明:Sm(CobalFe0.1Cu0.16Zr0.04)6.7磁体的显微组织呈明显的胞状结构,磁畴结构表现为波纹畴结构,其高温磁滞回线在400℃时方形度仍较好,Hci仍有830kA/m,矫顽力温度系数(β)达-0.15%/℃,在500℃时退磁曲线才开始恶化。     

高矫顽力2:17型SmCo永磁合金的显微组织分析

制备了具有高矫顽力的2:17型SmCo磁体,采用透射电子显微镜对所制得的具有高矫顽力、低温度系数的2:17型磁体的微观组织进行了研究。结果表明:该磁体具有胞状显微组织,胞内为菱方结构的2:17相,胞壁为六方结构的1:5相,具有六方结构的2:17相位于胞状组织的内部;整齐、完整的胞状组织是获得高性能磁体的必要条件;胞状组织的尺寸大小和各元素在各相中的分布是决定矫顽力大小的关键因素。     

高矫顽力2:17型SmCo稀土永磁的时效处理与磁性能的研究

利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线电子能谱分析以及磁性测量的方法,研究了高矫顽力2:17型钐钴稀土永磁合金在等级时效过程中磁性能的变化与时效条件及显微组织结构的关系.合金一经时效就由单相固溶体分解为2:17相和1:5相,在随后降低温度的等级时效过程中,内禀矫顽力由398 kA/m提高到1 631.8 kA/m,Hci的提高可以认为是两相畴壁能差的变化引起的,另外时效中产生的晶界析出物对矫顽力的提高也起了一定的作用.     

新型高温永磁体的研制

通过分析影响磁体高温性能的因素,设计了新磁体的成分为:Cu含量高,Fe含量低,Zr适量,Sm含量高;采用粉末冶金工艺制备了高温Sm_2(CoFeCuZr)_(17)永磁体。制得的磁体室温磁性能为:B_r1.075 T,H_(ei)2 098.2 kA/m,H_(eb) 776.1 kA/m,H_k843.8 kA/m,(BH)_(max)210.0 kj/m~3;在200℃时的磁性能为:B_r0.991 T,H_(ci)1 175.7 kA/m,H_(cb)531.7 kA/m,H_k577.9 kA/m,(BH)_(max)172.5 kJ/m~3;矫顽力温度系数β(20～200℃)为-0.24％/℃。经理论分析和实验验证,磁体的使用温度均超过400℃,为高温环境(高于400℃)提供了一种实用性永磁材料。     

2:17型SmCo永磁材料的研究进展与展望

2:17型SmCo永磁体自1977年问世以来,其研究得到很大发展,性能不断提高.因其具有优异的磁性能,已在微波通讯技术、航空航天、国防工业、交通运输业等领域广泛应用.因2:17型SmCo永磁体具有较高的居里温度和较高的磁能积,而成为永磁材料的首选材料.作者介绍了2:17型SmCo永磁的发展过程、磁体的磁性能、制备工艺、应用情况及其发展趋势.     

温度对2:17型SmCo永磁材料磁性能的影响

研究了Sm_2(Co Cu Fe zr)_(17),材料的剩磁B_r,、内禀矫顽力iH_c随温度的变化关系,研究了材料在不同温度条件下的磁通可逆损失和不可逆损失,随着材料内禀矫顽力iH_c的增大,可逆损失和不可逆损失都明显减小,最后采用了畴壁位移理论解释了磁性能随温度衰变的机制,提高材料的内禀矫顽力是提高材料温度稳定性的有效途径。     

TbCu7型SmCo7-xHfx合金的结构及磁性能

采用熔体快淬法在40 m/s制备了SmCo_7-xHf_x （x=0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3）合金薄带,研究Hf取代量对SmCo_7-xHf_x合金的相组成、组织结构及磁性能的影响.结果表明:随Hf取代量的增加,均可获得TbCu₇型结构的亚稳相,晶格常数a和c也随之增加,c/a比值在0.82~0.83,晶粒平均尺寸减小,且更加均匀;在性能方面,Hf取代量为0.2时,可获得最优磁性能B_r为0.55 T和H_c为1 084 kA/m. Hf的添加还可有效改善合金高温性能,在27~400 ℃温度区间,矫顽力温度系数由未添加时-0.21 %/℃改善到-0.18 %/℃,提升14.3%.      

烧结工艺对高温Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z永磁体磁性能与显微组织的影响

用粉末冶金法制备了Sm(Co0.7Fe0.1Cu0.16Zr0.04)6.7烧结磁体,设计了8种不同烧结工艺;并对磁体的磁性能在烧结过程中的变化以及烧结工艺条件与显微组织的关系进行了系统研究.结果表明适当提高预烧结温度与烧结温度有利于磁性能的改善,但预烧结温度与烧结温度过高或过低都会使磁性能大大降低.矫顽力对烧结工艺非常敏感;样品在1 185℃预烧结后再在1 200℃烧结有最好的综合磁性能,其内禀矫顽力高达1 931 kA/m.还用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针光谱仪对显微组织及元素分布进行了分析,结果表明磁性能的改变可以认为是显微组织变化与元素在各相中分布变化的结果.     

2∶17型Sm-Co高温永磁体的研究

用粉末冶金工艺制备了Sm(CobalFevCu0 .0 88Zr0 .0 2 5) 7.5(v =0～ 0 .3 0 )烧结磁体 ,通过系统研究Fe含量对磁体的室温及高温磁性的影响 ,制备出了具有很好的高温稳定性的永磁材料Sm(CobalFe0 .0 7Cu0 .0 88Zr0 .0 2 5) 7.5,在 5 0 0℃时其磁性能为 :Br=0 .687T ,bHC=42 9.7kA·m- 1 ,iHC=63 7 4kA·m- 1 ,(BH) max=83 .7kA·m- 1 。比较了该材料与商业用高矫顽力Nd Fe B和高矫顽力 2∶17型Sm Co磁体的高温磁性。     

Sm2Co17永磁体的显微组织及其对矫顽力的影响

探讨了Sm(CobalFe0.197Cu0.049Zr0.026)7.5,Sm(CobalFe0.197Cu0.062Zr0.034)7.5永磁体的显微组织及其对矫顽力的影响.Sm2Co17永磁体由2:17相和1:5相两相所形成的胞状组织构成,并影响材料矫顽力的大小.在高矫顽力磁体的单晶表面有大量取向一致的沟痕,而不同晶粒内部的沟痕取向不同;沟痕较多时,磁体内所形成的1:5相增多,对畴壁的钉扎能力增强,有利于内禀矫顽力的提高.磁体表面的白色物质含Sm较多时可降低矫顽力.     

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of SmCo5 permanent magnets produced by deformation sintering

Conclusions The phase composition and structure requirements for the optimization of the magnetic properties of SmCo₅ magnets are largely fulfilled in deformation sintering. Deformation sintering of magnets from single-phase powder enables, by ensuring the formation of an optimum structure, magnets of good magnetic properties [B^HC=7.5–8 kOe, (BH)_max=21–22 MG-Oe] to be obtained. The optimum deformation sintering conditions are: deformation load P_d=0.59 GPa; sintering temperature T_d=550°C; and sintering time _d=10–30 min.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 1(217), pp. 75–82, January, 1981.     

Zirconium content induced mitigation of mechanical anisotropy in 2:17 type SmCo magnets

The mitigation of mechanical anisotropy is observed in 2:17 type SmCo magnets by adjusting the Zr content This behavior is supposed to be closely related to the density of lamellar phase,the density of which is enhanced obviously with increasing Zr content.The other reasons which could cause the reduction of the mechanical anisotropy is discussed from the Zr-rich impurity phase to the atom substitutions and crystal lattice distortion.The observation of crack in nano scale that dearly forms angles of 60° and 90° with respect to the lamellar phase,indicates that the probable cleavage planes are crystal faces(1011) and(1010).The results of investigation can deepen the understanding of mechanical anisotropy and cleavage fracture in the SmCo magnets.     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of(SmCo+FeCo)/NdFeB multicomponent nanocomposite magnets fabricated by HPTC with change in heating temperature and composition

We report the fabrication of bulk anisotropic(SmCo+FeCo)/NdFeB multicomponent nanocomposite magnets using high-pressure thermal compression(HPTC).The correlations among microstructure,magnetic properties,heating temperature and composition of the HPTC nanocomposite magnets were studied.The HPTC magnet made under variable temperatures(VT),with 19 wt% of FeCo phase,exhibits a maximum energy product of 32 MGOe,which is much higher than that(14 MGOe) for the HPTC magnet made under a constant temperature(CT).When the FeCo content increases to～23 wt%,the HPTC magnet made under VT still remains a high energy product of about 25 MGOe.With increasing NdFeB content,the(SmCo+FeCo)/NdFeB multicomponent nanocomposite magnets exhibit an enhanced magnetic anisotropy and coercivity.This work is beneficial to fabricating high-performance and low-cost permanent magnets for practical applications.     

高温稀土永磁Sm2(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)17的研制

利用粉末冶金方法研制了Sm(CobalFe0.24Cu0.08Zr0.027)7.0,Sm(CpbalFe0.27Cu0.05Zr0.027)7.0,Sm(CobalFe0.26Cu0.05Zr0.026)7.0 3种高温永磁,并对其磁性能、温度稳定性和显微结构进行了分析.结果表明:样品Sm(CobalFe0.27Cu0.05Zr0.027)7.0具有最高的内禀矫顽力(2 165.6 kA·m-1)和最大磁能积(212.0kA·m-3);3种磁体的温度系数都较低,最高使用温度均在400℃以上,大大高于一般商用磁体;增加Sm,Co,Cu的含量和减少Fe的含量可以提高材料的温度稳定性.X射线分析表明,合金中含有Sm2(Co,Fe)17主相,Sm(Co,Cu)5相,含Zr化合物等.Sm(Co,Cu)5相、单质Zr、晶粒边界等钉扎畴壁,使合金具有较高的矫顽力.     

Rare earth permanent magnets Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17 for high temperature applications

Sintered Sm(CobalFexCu0.1Zr0.03)7.5 (x=0.09-0.21) permanent magnets with higher Fe content were found to have higher remanence Br and maximum energy product (BH)max at room temperature. Br and (BH)max reached maximum of 0.96 T and 176.7 kJ/m3, respectively at room temperature when the Fe content x reached 0.21. However, the intrinsic coercivity Hci at room temperature increased gradually when the Fe content x increased from 0.09 to 0.15, but when x further increased to 0.21, Hci decreased. Hci attained its peak value of 2276.6 kA/m with Fe content x=0.15 at room temperature. For magnets with x=0.15, Br, (BH)max and Hci reached 0.67 T, 81.2 kJ/m3 and 509.4 kA/m at 500℃, respectively, showing good high temperature stability, which could be used in high temperature applications.