活性艳红X-3B水溶液的光催化脱色及矿化过程研究

对染料活性艳红X-3B水溶液的光催化反应过程进行了初步研究.首先,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、高效液相色谱和质谱对反应过程中溶液组成的变化进行了测试,并用重铬酸盐法测定了各反应时刻溶液的COD值;其次,使用红外吸收光谱对反应过程中催化剂表面的吸附物种进行了考察.研究结果表明,在本实验条件下,活性艳红X-3B水溶液的光催化脱色和矿化过程是同时进行的,脱色反应完成后,溶液中生成了难以降解的中间产物,致使矿化过程难以继续进行.     

活性艳红X-3B水溶液的光化学与光催化协同脱色反应

 对影响活性艳红X－3B水溶液光化学与光催化协同脱色反应的各种条件（如溶液的pH值,紫外光照强度,空气流量,催化剂用量及溶液的初始浓度等）进行了考察．结果表明,降解率随着紫外光照强度的增强而加快,随着X－3B初始浓度的增大而减慢;催化剂最佳用量为4g／L,空气最佳流量为4．3L／h．在X－3B水溶液的光催化脱色过程中,存在有光解反应,但它远不如光催化反应重要．因此,活性艳红X－3B水溶液的降解是光化学与光催化的协同脱色反应．     

丙酮酸钠/UV体系对模拟活性艳红X-3B废水的脱色

丙酮酸是大气中存在最丰富的酮酸之一,存在于气溶胶、雨水、城市大气、海洋及偏远地区[1]。有数据表明,大气中丙酮酸的主要消除过程是光解,同时也有与OH·自由基的反应[2]。丙酮酸在250-400nm波长范围内有较强吸收[3],光解产生包括OH·自由基在内的多种活性物种,其光解过程可用     

B位掺杂GdCo1-xSrxO3的制备及其光催化活性

用柠檬酸络合法制备了钙钛矿型GdCo1-XSrXO3(X=0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08)复合氧化物, 通过XRD, TEM 等手段对所生成纳米晶的物相结构、微观形貌、颗粒大小等进行了表征. 结果表明, 所合成的颗粒为钙钛矿型纳米晶, 球形. 通过其对活性艳红 X-3B 降解对其光催化活性进行了研究, 实验结果表明在B 位掺杂 Sr2+ 后使GdCoO3 的光催化活性明显提高, 当X=0.06 时, 即GdCo0.94Sr0.06O3 的光催化活性最佳.     

TiO2/SiO2的制备及其对染料X-3B溶液降解的光催化活性

以粗孔球形硅胶为载体,以聚乙二醇和二乙醇单乙醚的钛酸四丁酯无水乙醇溶液为浸涂液,用涂覆法制备了TiO     

三种不同阳极上活性艳红X-3B的光电降

 分别以TiO2/Ti, SnxSb1-xO2/Ti和RuxPd1-xO2/Ti为阳极,钛网为阴极,NaCl为电解质,研究了活性艳红X-3B的光化学降解、电化学降解以及光电协同降解行为. 实验表明,经光电协同降解60 min后,三种电极体系中活性艳红X-3B的脱色率都超过了97%,三种电极上都存在显著的光电协同效应,即导体阳极与半导体阳极体系表现出相似的光电协同效应. SnxSb1-x-O2/Ti阳极体系先电解后光照和先光照后电解对比实验结果表明,电解生成的中间产物在光照3 min后使染料脱色率由17%迅速提高到75%,而先光照后电解则无此现象发生, 这说明电解中间产物经紫外光激发后对染料脱色有显著作用.     

微波无极紫外光助双氧水处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水研究

活性艳红X-3B(C.I.ReactionRed 2)是一种单偶氮染料,其应用范围广泛,可用于棉、粘纤、涤/棉、锦纶、蚕丝、羊毛、锦/粘等织物的染色和丝绸的印花,因此其废水量大且色度深。目前染料废水的生物处理方法脱色效果差、占地面积大、处理周期长,传统的物理法和化学法也存在着成本高、不能彻底矿化染料分子等缺点。近年来发展起来的光化学处理染料废水的方法及各种光化学组合技术日益受到人们关注,但其中使用的普通紫外灯存在使用寿命短、启动慢、发光不稳定、电极材料易损等缺点[1],致使光化学方法处理废水的成本很高。本文利用微波产生的高频…     

固定化对恶臭假单胞菌腈水合酶催化特性的影响

酶法代替铜催化法使丙烯腈转化制内烯酰胺的研究,70年代起在国外开始进行.近年来,国内也相继开展了这方面的工作.他们筛选得到的恶臭假单胞菌JP-1具有较高腈水合酶活力,其完整细胞的腈水合酶催化特性也已进行了研究.本文研究了采用海藻酸钙包埋法制备的恶臭假单胞菌固定化细胞的酶学性质.     

TiO2/SiO2的制备及其对染料X-3B溶液降解的光催化活性

 以粗孔球形硅胶为载体,以聚乙二醇和二乙醇单乙醚的钛酸四丁酯无水乙醇溶液为浸涂液,用涂覆法制备了TiO2／SiO2光催化剂．用XRD,SEM和UV－Vis等对催化剂的物相、形貌及TiO2负载量进行了表征,并通过可溶性染料活性艳红X－3B的降解反应,考察了其光催化活性．实验结果表明,当选用16．79％TiO2／SiO2光催化剂时,活性艳红X－3B溶液的脱色率可达93％以上．     

Solar photooxidation of azo dye over mixed (Al-Fe) pillared bentonite using hydrogen peroxide

Summary The mixed Al-Fe pillared bentonite (Al/Fe-B) was tested as a heterogeneous catalyst for the photo-Fenton discoloration of azo dye X-3B under solar light irradiation. The structural characteristics of the catalyst were examined by XRD, BET, and TEM. The results indicate that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process employing the Al/Fe-B as catalyst exhibits higher photo-catalytic activity compared to its corresponding homogeneous photo-Fenton process. The amount of Fe ions in solution leaching from the Al/Fe-B is less than 0.26% of the total iron content in the catalyst.     

Anaerobic reduction of a sulfonated azo dye, Congo Red, by sulfate-reducing bacteria

The capacity for anaerobic decolorization of a sulfonated azo dye, Congo Red, by a strain of a sulfate-reducing bacterium was evaluated. After optimizing the growth rate of the bacteria on a simple carbon source and terminal electron acceptor pair, lactate and sulfate, respectively, the effect of the dye concentration on their growth rate was analyzed. The decolorization rate was affected by the dye concentration in the growth medium. The azo-bond cleavage mechanism of reductive decolorization with the formation of benzidine was consistent with the results, as this metabolite was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Several fractions of the culture medium, including lysed cell extracts, were examined for the capacity to reduce the azo dye. This reduction capacity was found in the culture medium in which the cells had previously grown. The results showed that the mechanism of reductive decolorization of this sulfonated azo dye was extracellular and nonenzymatic, consistent with the production of sulfide anion by the microorganisms while growing on lactate and sulfate. The sulfide anions were the cause of the reduction leading to the disappearance of color in the medium. To increase the rate of decolorization, the presence of ferrous ion was also necessary together with the lactate and sulfate substrates.     

Ti基底的预处理对TiO2光催化膜长期稳定性的影响

研究了Ti基底的预处理方法对其负载的TiO2薄膜光催化活性和长期稳定性的影响.分别采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和电化学交流阻抗谱对样品进行了表征,并考察了Ti基底负载的TiO2膜光催化降解模型污染物苯甲酰胺和活性艳红X-3B的活性.结果表明,采用普通Na2CO3预处理Ti基底时制得的TiO2膜层较疏松,并且由于Ti基底自身生成的TiO2钝化膜层不断生长而导致其负载的TiO2光催化膜层明显脱落流失,该TiO2膜在水中浸泡60 d后即完全失活.而在乙二酸活化法预处理的Ti基底上能制备出致密的TiO2光催化膜,可抑制Ti基底自钝化膜的生长,从而显著提高了负载TiO2光催化膜的抗脱落流失能力,在水中浸泡280 d后,其光催化活性仍不低于新制备样品活性的70%;而且在35 d的活性艳红完全脱色连续流实验中,该TiO2光催化膜基本未发生失活现象.     

溶剂浮选光度法测定印染废水中的活性艳红X-3B

研究了溶剂浮选光度法测定水中活性艳红X-3B时的影响因素,并优化了溶剂浮选条件。实验表明,本法的浮选率大于96%,当染料含量在50~2 500μg/50mL范围时与离子缔合物的吸光度具有很好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998,RSD为1.4%。该法与溶剂萃取法相比,分离富集效果更好,并已成功用于实际印染废水中活性艳红X-3B的测定。     

三种不同晶型二氧化钛的制备及光催化性能研究

分别以Ti(SO₄)₂和TiCl₄为原料,通过水热pH值的控制,批量制备了片状的锐钛矿(AT)、棒状的金红石(RT)和菱形的板钛矿型(BT)TiO₂.其中,AT具有最小的晶粒尺寸(约10nm),其次为RT(30—50nm),而BT具有最大的晶粒尺寸(50—70nm).固体漫反射显示出AT、BT和RT对光响应的阀值分别为375nm、385nm和415nm.其中,AT在紫外区显示出最强的光吸收能力.以阴离子活性染料X3B为目标分子的光催化降解实验结果显示,3种催化剂的光活性次序为AT>RT>BT,这与它们对X3B的吸附能力一致.文章对这产生TiO₂光活性差异的原因进行了讨论.     

多孔纳晶TiO2薄膜光催化剂的研制及其催化性能

 采用表面改性法制备了负载型Ni2（OEt）2／SiO2双核金属乙氧基配合物催化剂，利用示差量热、红外光谱和微反技术对催化剂的表面结构、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化活性进行了研究．结果表明，负载型双核金属乙氧基配合物Ni2（OEt）2／SiO2中的Ni2＋与载体SiO2表面的O2－以双齿配位形式键合；二氧化碳在催化剂表面存在桥式吸附态和碳酸单乙酯基物种两种吸附态，丙烯则只有一种分子吸附态；在适宜的反应条件下，二氧化碳和丙烯在Ni2（OEt）2／SiO2催化剂上的反应产物主要是甲基丙烯酸．根据实验结果，提出了二氧化碳和丙烯在Ni2（OEt）2／SiO2催化剂表面的反应机理，反应物分子共吸附于催化剂表面同一活性单元上，羧酸根和丙烯解离吸附态的形成是反应顺利进行的关键步骤．     

Determination of phenol and catechol concentrations with oxygen probes coated with immobilized enzymes or immobilized cells

The enzyme phenol 2-hydroxylase was immobilized on Sepharose and used in conjunction with an O₂ electrode for quantitating phenol. Similarly, catechol 1,2-oxygenase was used for quantitating catechol. A third probe was prepared by immobilization ofTrichosporon cutaneum cells rather than purified phenol 2-hydroxylase for phenol quantitation. The whole cell system gave results comparable to the immobilized enzyme system.     

Advanced oxidation processes for decolorization of aqueous solution containing acid red G azo dye

Some investigations concerning the decolorization of Acid Red G azo dye by photooxidation with hydrogen peroxide were performed. The influences of pH, oxidant concentration, and the presence of Fe²⁺ or other metal ions (Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺) as potential catalysts, were investigated. The best results were obtained in the presence of ferrous ions in acid and neutral media. The other ions are not as effective as Fe²⁺ for dye decolorization. Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions have a catalytic action, at low concentration, within a wide range of pH. Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions have no catalytic effect in photooxidation with hydrogen peroxide at acid Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions have no catalytic effect in photooxidation with hydrogen peroxide at acid pH values, but show a weak action in alkaline media.