Acoustic-resonance-free electronic ballast for automotive HID lamps

A novel cost-effective and acoustic-resonance-free electronic ballast used to drive automotive high intensity discharging (HID) lamps that utilise a constant lamp power control scheme is proposed. The presented ballast is comprised of a buck-boost flyback converter to provide negative DC voltages and a half-bridge-type inverter to supply the lamp with low-frequency, square-wave AC voltage/ current. Owing to its low-frequency operation, no acoustic resonance occurs on the automotive HID lamps. Design guidelines and experimental results are demonstrated for a 35 Wautomotive HID lamp prototype ballast operating at 400 Hz switching frequency with battery input DC voltage of 12 V.     

High-efficiency low-stress electronic dimming ballast for multiplefluorescent lamps

An electronic dimming ballast with a lead-lag tank operation (LLTO) having the properties of high efficiency and low stress is introduced in this paper. The ballast is configured with a voltage-fed half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter (SRPLI) acting as a lamp driver. It is loaded with resonant tanks which are designed and operated to be capacitive and inductive to theoretically achieve both zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) and to eliminate the reactive current circulating through the switches, resulting in low switching and conduction losses. Moreover, the merit of a successive lamp ignition can be attained with the proposed operation scheme so that current stress imposed on the switches can be reduced. With the plasma model of fluorescent lamps, the analysis, operating principle, and dimming control strategy of the electronic ballast are described in detail. On the other hand, the limitations of the proposed scheme are pointed out. Computer simulation results and experimental measurements are used to verify the theoretical prediction and analytical discussion     

A microcontroller-based emergency ballast for fluorescent lamps

This paper presents a new emergency ballast for fluorescent lamps. The fundamental block is the microcontroller-based control circuit, which performs the supervision and control function. High-frequency electronics techniques are proposed for the high power factor battery charger and the lamp driver, which provides high luminous efficacy. In this way, size and weight have been minimized for the whole system. With the introduction of the microcontroller, the system has the capability of testing itself, checking its functional state, and displaying internal faults. Thus, the reliability of the system is improved and, concurrently, maintenance cost is decreased     

Design and performance of an electronic ballast for high-pressuresodium (HPS) lamps

An electronic ballast for high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps was designed and evaluated, theoretically and experimentally. The ballast is based on the half-bridge topology and includes a high-voltage ignitor and dimming capability. It was used to drive and examine the high frequency characteristics of a commercial HPS lamp (NAV-T 150 W (SON-T), OSRAM). The experimental results reveal that, for the frequency range of this study (27-75 kHz), the lamp is free of the acoustic resonance problem. It was also found that, for the present experimental conditions, the lamp is purely resistive, and the resistance is practically independent of the power level and operating frequency. The lamp exhibited stable operation over a very large dimming range, down to about 7% of nominal power. The 2.8-kV ignition pulse was found to be sufficient for both cold and hot startup under the proposed operating conditions     

A resonant inverter for electronic ballast applications

Electronic ballasts must provide enough open circuit voltage to start the fluorescent lamp and current limiting while the lamp is running. Resonant inverters may be utilized in electronic ballasts because of their load-dependent characteristics. The three basic types of resonant inverters, the series-loaded, parallel-loaded, and the series-parallel-loaded, are compared using fundamental approximation techniques for their applicability in electronic ballasts operating from a low voltage source. A parallel-loaded resonant inverter operating slightly above its resonant frequency is selected because of the high voltage gains possible. Operation above the resonant frequency allows zero-voltage turn on of the semiconductor devices. Zero-voltage turn off can be achieved with the addition of lossless snubber capacitors. Experimental results from a lab prototype are used to verify the design procedure     

Analysis and design of a high power factor, single-stage electronic ballast for high-intensity discharge lamps

This paper proposes a single-stage electronic ballast for high-intensity discharge lamps. The ballast consists of the integration of a boost converter in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and a full-bridge LCC resonant inverter. The boost semi-stage working in DCM functions as a power factor corrector and the inverter semi-stage operated above resonance is employed to drive the lamp. The sine-wave approximation is used to design the inverter at steady-state. The proposed electronic ballast can save a controller, reduce size and possibly increase system reliability compared to conventional two-stage system. The proposed ballast is analyzed, simulated and experimentally verified with a 125 W HPS lamp.     

基于FAN7711的电子镇流器原理与设计

介绍了FAN7711镇流器控制IC的主要特点及基于FAN7711的荧光灯电子镇流器原理与设计.     

基于IR21592型控制器的调光电子镇流器的原理与设计

介绍IR21592型调光镇流器控制器的特点,详细阐述基于IR21592的36 W荧光灯调光电子镇流器电路的工作原理与设计.     

Analysis and experimental results of a single-stagehigh-power-factor electronic ballast based on flyback converter

A new single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast based on a flyback converter is presented in this paper. The ballast is able to supply a fluorescent lamp assuring a high-input power factor for the utility line. Other features are lamp power regulation against line voltage variations and low lamp current crest factor, both assuring long lamp life. The ballast is analyzed at steady-state operation, and design equations and characteristics are obtained. Also, a procedure for the ballast design is presented. Finally, simulation and experimental results from a laboratory prototype are shown     

路灯电子镇流器组网的通信实验研究

搭建一个路灯电子镇流器组网的模拟实验系统,对集中控制终端和子终端进行通信流程设计,以实现上位机对集中控制终端、集中控制终端对子终端的命令传送,以及子终端对集中控制终端、集中控制终端对上位机的命令传回,特别对集中控制终端与子终端之间的电力线载波通信波形、数据,以及上位机接收到的数据进行实验研究,结果表明模拟组网系统成功实现了上位机、集中控制终端、子终端之间的通信。     

Low-cost single-stage electronic ballast based on aself-oscillating resonant inverter integrated with a buck-boost PFCcircuit

In this paper, a new solution to implement and control a single-stage electronic ballast based on the integration of a buck-boost power-factor-correction stage and a half-bridge resonant inverter is presented. The control signals are obtained from the inverter resonant current by means of a saturable transformer. Core saturation is used to control the required dead time between the control pulses of both switches. Since no special integrated circuits are required to control the ballast, the total number of components is minimized and the final cost of the ballast is reduced compared to a typical two-stage configuration. Analysis and basic design guidelines are presented in the paper, together with experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype     

Characteristics of electric power transmission on high-frequencyinverter having distributed constant line at load side

An induction heating system aimed at improving the characteristics of high-frequency power supplied from the high-frequency, inverter to the parallel resonant load circuit is proposed, and its transmission efficiency is studied. In this system, high-frequency power can be supplied by lowering the effect of the inductance component accompanied by wiring between the inverter circuit and the resonant load circuit. Impedance matching between the inverter and the resonant circuit and high-efficiency power transmission from the inverter to the load circuit are possible. If a flexible coaxial cable is used as the distributed constant line, it is easy to cope with the case in which comparative distance exists between the inverter part and the heating part or the case in which the heating part is moved     

1.3-/spl mu/m continuously tunable distributed feedback laser with constant power output based on GaInNAs-GaAs

We have investigated tunable distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers based on GaInNAs quantum wells grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Three-section tunable DFB lasers were fabricated by patterning laterally gain coupled binary superimposed gratings perpendicular to a ridge waveguide. The discrete tuning range covers 24 nm with sidemode suppression ratios of about 35 dB. The lasers were tuned continuously over a range of over 10 nm with a constant power output of 15 mW per facet.     

A 10-Gb/s (1.25 Gb/s×8)4×2 0.25-μm CMOS/SIMOX ATMswitch based on scalable distributed arbitration

This paper presents the design and implementation of a scalable asynchronous transfer mode switch. We fabricated a 10-Gb/s 4×2 switch large-scale integration (LSI) that uses a new distributed contention control technique that allows the switch LSI to be expanded. The developed contention control is executed in a distributed manner at each switch LSI, and the contention control time does not depend on the number of connected switch LSI's. To increase the LSI throughput and reduce the power consumption, we used 0.25-μm CMOS/SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen) technology, which enables us to make 221 pseudo-emitter-coupled-logic I/O pins with 1.25-Gb/s throughput. In addition, power consumption of 7 W is achieved by operating the CMOS/SIMOX gates at -2.0 V. This consumption is 36% less than that of bulk CMOS gates (11 W) at the same speed at -2.5 V. Using these switch LSI's, an 8×8 switching multichip module with 80-Gb/s throughput was fabricated with a compact size     

Scalable 10 Gbit/s 4×20.25 μm CMOS/SIMOX ATM switch LSIcircuit based on distributed contention control

A scalable 10 Gbit/s 4×2 ATM switch LSI circuit has been fabricated. It employs a new distributed contention control technique that makes the LSI circuit expandable. To increase the LSI circuit throughput, 0.2 μm CMOS/SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen) technology is used. It allows the LSI circuit to offer 221 I/O pins, an operating speed of 1.25 Gbit/s and 7 W power consumption     

An improved design procedure for LCC resonant filter of dimmable electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps, based on lamp model

This paper presents an improved design methodology for the determination of the parameters used in the classical series-resonant parallel-loaded (SRPL) filter employed in the switching frequency controlled dimmable electronic ballasts. According to the analysis developed in this paper, it is possible to evaluate some important characteristics of the resonant filter during the dimming operation, such as: range of switching frequency, phase shift, and rms value of the current drained by the resonant filter + fluorescent lamp set. Experimental results are presented in order to validate the analyses developed in this paper.     

高频链逆变器的重复控制策略研究

介绍了高频链逆变器的拓扑.建立了高频链逆变器及其重复控制策略的仿真模型,并对系统进行仿真分析.通过仿真验证了重复控制策略能够使高频链逆变器获得高质量的输出波形.     

A measurement of very fast transition durations due to gapdischarge in air using distributed constant line system

Very fast transition durations (rising time in positive polarity and falling time in negative polarity) due to starting of gap discharge were investigated in time domain. The gap space was set very small for voltages below 1500 V as a simulation of the charged device model (CDM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) and the gap discharge of switch devices. The measurement system consists of a distributed constant line system with a tapered coaxial electrode, which has a matched impedance for the characteristic impedance of the distributed constant line system. The insertion loss of the tapered coaxial electrode was within -3 dB in the frequency range below 4.5 GHz. The atmosphere around the electrode is ordinary air. This experimental system enables one to measure the high-speed transients of about 100 ps due to gap discharge in time domain. As a consequence of the experiment, the relationship between the discharge voltage and transition duration was confirmed. The voltage rise time was slowed down gradually in positive polarity, while the voltage fall time was slowed down remarkably in negative polarity for the 0.1-mm needle     

高频链逆变器的重复控制策略研究

介绍了高频链逆变器的拓扑,建立了高频链逆变器及其重复控制策略的仿真模型,并对系统进行仿真分析。通过仿真验证了重复控制策略能够使高频链逆变器获得高质量的输出波形。     

Distributed control based on distributed electronic circuits: application to vibration control

This paper focuses on the design of distributed control related to distributed mechanical systems. The sensors and actuators are assumed to be numerous and periodically distributed. The problem addressed in this paper is: “Can we find a way to approximate an optimal control law with a distributed electronic circuit”. Solutions to this problem are proposed in the framework of vibration control using piezoelectric actuators and sensors.