工业发酵中溶氧因素的探讨

工业发酵影响因素很多,其中发酵液中的溶氧浓度(DissolvedOxygen,简称DO)是最基本因素,对微生物的生长和产物形成有着极其重要的影响.在发酵过程中,必须供给适量的无菌空气,菌体才能繁殖和积累所需代谢产物.不同菌种及不同发酵阶段的菌体的需氧量是不同的,发酵液的DO值直接影响微生物的酶活性、代谢途径及产物产量.发酵过程中氧的传质速率主要受发酵液中溶解氧的浓度和传递阻力影响.研究溶氧对发酵的影响及控制对提高生产效率、改善产品质量等都有重要意义.     

微生物发酵过程中溶氧的影响及其调控

许多因素会对微生物的整个发酵过程产生影响,其中发酵液的溶氧浓度(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)作为微生物发酵过程中的一个非常重要的发酵参数,它能显著影响微生物的生长以及代谢产物的形成。为了保证发酵过程中适宜的DO,对DO进行控制,笔者分析了影响DO的因素,并提出了溶氧调节的一般方法 。     

溶氧测量在双丙氨磷(HB)生产中的应用

<正>发酵液中的氧含量对菌体生长和产物形成有着重要的影响,供氧对需氧微生物是必不可少的,在发酵过程中,必须供给适量的无菌空气,菌体才能繁殖和积累所需要的代谢产物,不同菌种及不同菌龄、不同发酵阶段所需的氧是不同的。微生物只能从其生活的液体基质中获得氧,以供其生理活动。发酵液中所含氧的多少就显得很重要。氧是难溶气体,为满足发酵过程中菌体对氧的需求,必须采用强制供氧措     

溶氧(DO)对混菌发酵生产Nisin影响的研究

Nisin(乳酸链球菌素)是由乳酸菌产生的一种抑菌活性肽。其在生产过程中需要控制发酵体系的pH,以避免由于乳酸菌代谢积累的乳酸导致pH迅速降低抑制菌体生长。本文采用以能够代谢消耗乳酸的酵母菌为辅助发酵菌的新型混菌发酵方法,在小试条件下研究了在混菌发酵过程中对菌体特别是酵母菌代谢有显著影响的因素溶氧(DO)对混菌发酵生产过程中发酵体系的pH与乳酸含量的变化nisin产量的影响。结果表明,不同水平溶氧对混菌发酵体系中两种菌的生长及代谢产物生成有一定影响。DO 10%与DO 30%时的nisin效价的水平波动范围为24.35%;在分阶段控制发酵体系溶氧水平的条件下获得了较高的nisin效价,效价水平比恒定溶氧提高45.38%。说明分阶段控制发酵体系溶氧水平是较为理想的溶氧控制策略。     

发酵过程中氧转移的特性

在好氧微生物的代谢过程中，氧是最重要的气态基质，也是微生物的一个基本营养要素，同时往往也是一个限制因素。本文简要介绍了发酵过程中与氧转移的一些基本概念如溶解氧、临界氧浓度、临界菌体浓度、亨利定律、氧传递速率、氧传质系数和摄氧速率等，同时简单介绍了在发酵过程中影响氧在发酵液中传递的一些主要因素和传递阻力的主要来源。     

色氨酸发酵过程溶氧控制的研究

在利用摇瓶研究了不同装液比、摇床转速对色氨酸发酵影响的基础上,用5L发酵罐初步探讨了在不同的控制方式下,溶氧水平对菌体生长及色氨酸发酵水平的影响,结果表明在5L发酵罐发酵过程中,K1a控制在504.6h-1左右时色氨酸积累量高,发酵液中溶氧水平过低或过高均不利于发酵液中色氨酸的积累.     

利用溶氧控制策略进行高密度和高强度乙醇发酵的初步研究

在搅拌罐式生物反应器中,考察了乙醇发酵过程中不同溶氧控制条件对菌体量和其它发酵参数的影响。结果表明,溶氧浓度和通气时间是影响菌体生长和乙醇发酵强度的重要因素。通过将溶氧控制在较为合适的水平,发酵48h,菌体密度达到5.5～6亿个/mL,发酵强度为2.7lg/(L·h),比传统发酵分别提高了200%和48.9%。为进一步深入研究溶氧控制策略,实现高密度和高强度乙醇发酵提供了依据。     

溶氧等参数对耐高温α-淀粉酶发酵的影响

利用耐高温α－淀粉酶的生产菌种－地衣芽孢杆菌IIY－1菌株，对其发酵过程中的各种参数的变化规律与控制方式进行了研究。实验结果表明，采用连续式的pH值的控制方式有利于提高耐高温α－淀粉酶的发酵水平，最后的发酵液的酶活力明显地高于脉动式的pH值控制方式。菌体在产酶阶段对发酵液的溶氧水平要求不高，但是溶氧浓度（DO值）不应低于10％。     

双液相发酵与氧传递研究进展

发酵体系中的溶氧水平直接影响微生物的生长及代谢产物的形成和累积,通过合理的强化传氧的手段,是改善供氧、提高发酵效率的有效途径.双液相发酵系统被公认为是有效改善和控制培养液溶氧的新技术.本文综述了双液相发酵体系中的氧传递模式和机理,并着重介绍了不同类别氧载体在双液相发酵中的作用特点及其典型应用.     

产胶期溶氧水平对土壤杆菌ATCC 31749发酵产热凝胶流变性质的影响

热凝胶是由土壤杆菌在氮源限制条件下生产的水不溶性胞外多糖。通过在线实时调节通气量建立了恒定溶氧控制策略,并将产胶期溶氧分别恒定控制在饱和溶氧浓度DO 5%、25%、50%和75%水平。然后,考察了产胶期溶氧浓度对土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium.sp.ATCC 31749)发酵过程及热凝胶流变性质的影响。结果表明,低溶氧(DO 5%)造成热凝胶生产强度显著下降,而溶氧水平高于DO 25%后,热凝胶比生成速率基本恒定。同时,热凝胶-碱溶液的流变行为符合假塑性流体特征,随着产胶期发酵时间增加,热凝胶溶液粘度迅速升高,且非牛顿流体特征逐渐显著。相同发酵时间时,适度溶氧(DO 25%)热凝胶溶液具有最大粘度,而溶氧限制(DO 5%)和高溶氧时(DO 75%)粘度均较低。控制发酵溶氧水平可以获得具有不同流变性质的热凝胶产品。     

pH值及溶解氧对灵芝多糖深层液态发酵的影响与控制

探讨了 pH值及溶解氧 (DO)对灵芝多糖深层液态发酵的影响和控制措施。结果表明 ,灵芝胞内多糖的生成与菌丝体的生长呈偶联型 ,胞外多糖的形成与菌丝体生长呈部分偶联型。菌丝体生长及胞内多糖产生的最适 pH值为 5 4 ,胞外多糖产生的最适 pH值为 4 6。菌丝体生长最适溶氧和胞外多糖生成最适溶氧基本一致 ,在 80 0 %左右 ,溶氧超过这一水平 ,不利于胞外多糖的形成。据此设计出灵芝多糖发酵 pH和DO优化控制条件 ,在此优化条件下进行发酵 ,灵芝菌丝体生物量、胞内多糖量、胞外多糖量较未经优化控制的发酵分别提高 57%、51%、31% ,总灵芝多糖产量提高了 33%     

溶解氧控制对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产腺苷的影响

在50 L的生物反应器中,通过控制溶解氧水平为5%、10%、20%、30%四个水平考察枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产腺苷的影响,发现该菌株生长的溶解氧浓度在10%～20%。并通过发酵过程中菌株的生长情况、菌体摄氧率和发酵产苷进行相关分析。结果表明,在发酵过程中DO水平控制在10%～20%时腺苷积累量高,发酵液中DO水平为5%和30%均不利于发酵液中的腺苷积累。通过对发酵终点丙酮酸的检测,发现枯草芽孢杆菌在低溶氧状态下比高溶氧状态下积累更多的丙酮酸。在此基础上,提出两阶段DO控制策略,最终腺苷积累量达到20.1 g/L。     

A method for manufacturing superior set yogurt under reduced oxygen conditions

The yogurt starters Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are well-known facultatively anaerobic bacteria that can grow in oxygenated environments. We found that they removed dissolved oxygen (DO) in a yogurt mix as the fermentation progressed and that they began to produce acid actively after the DO concentration in the yogurt mix was reduced to 0 mg/kg, suggesting that the DO retarded the production of acid. Yogurt fermentation was carried out at 43 or 37°C both after the DO reduction treatment and without prior treatment. Nitrogen gas was mixed and dispersed into the yogurt mix after inoculation with yogurt starter culture to reduce the DO concentration in the yogurt mix. The treatment that reduced DO concentration in the yogurt mix to approximately 0 mg/kg beforehand caused the starter culture LB81 used in this study to enter into the exponential growth phase earlier. Furthermore, the combination of reduced DO concentration in the yogurt mix beforehand and incubation at a lower temperature (37°C) resulted in a superior set yogurt with a smooth texture and strong curd structure.     

Effects of pH and dissolved oxygen on the synthesis of γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase from Bacillus subtilis SK 11.004

BACKGROUND: γ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a widely distributed enzyme that is of interest in the food industry. In this study the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) on GGT synthesis from Bacillus subtilis SK 11.004 were investigated. RESULTS: GGT production increased to 0.5 U mL^?1 when the pH value was controlled at 6.5. The control of a single DO level revealed that the highest specific growth rate (3.42 h^?1) and GGT production rate (0.40 U g^?1 mL^?1) were obtained at DO levels of 40 and 10% respectively. To satisfy the different oxygen demands at different stages of cell growth and GGT synthesis, a stage DO level control strategy was designed as follows: 40% from 0 to 4 h, 30% from 4 to 6 h and 10% from 6 to 18 h. Furthermore, the maximum biomass (2.27 g L^?1) and GGT production (3.05 U mL^?1) could be obtained using a fermentation strategy combining a constant pH value with stage DO level control. CONCLUSION: The proposed fermentation strategy resulted in a 13.7‐fold increase in GGT production. This finding should be of great importance for the industrial production of GGT. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

灰树花多糖深层发酵pH值及溶氧条件控制研究

对灰树花真菌发酵工艺参数pH值和溶氧进行优化研究表明,pH值及溶氧对灰树花菌体及胞内外多糖产量影响较大,优化的工艺参数为:溶氧75%,pH值为5.1(0h～96h),pH值为4.2(96h～160h),此条件下菌体、胞内外多糖产量分别提高23.02%、28.95%、25.95%,表明该优化设计工艺切实可行。     

Effect of dissolved oxygen on the oxidative and structural characteristics of protein in beer during forced ageing

Oxygen is contributing to the deterioration of the beer and shortening the shelf-life of the packaged product. The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) on oxidative and structural characteristics of protein in beer during forced ageing was examined. Results showed that increased DO decreased obviously protein content in beer, and further reduced antioxidant activities of beer and lipid transfer protein 1 (LTP1). Meanwhile, the increase of DO decreased significantly the free thiol groups content and enhanced the disulfide bonds level in beer and LTP1. Results from circular dichroism, surface hydrophobicity and zeta-potential illustrated that the increase of DO dramatically changed the secondary and tertiary structure of LTP1 with the decrease in the surface hydrophobicity, α-helix and β-turn contents, and the increase in the random coil and negative zeta potential. These results indicated that increased DO could damage the structure of LTP1 and had a negative impact on oxidative stability of beer.     

基于溶氧控制的腐乳生产菌生长动力学分析

在10L自动发酵罐上,研究了不同DO值对腐乳生产菌的生长和基质消耗的影响。采用MAT-LAB软件对以上述数据进行最优参数估计和非线性曲线拟合,确定了基于溶氧控制下的菌体生长和底物消耗的动力学模型,在此基础上建立的菌体生长仿真模型能较好地模拟不同溶氧下菌体的生长情况。     

Metabolic flux analysis for efficient pyruvate fermentation using vitamin-auxotrophic yeast of Torulopsis glabrata

The metabolism of a vitamin-auxotrophic pyruvate-producing microorganism, Torulopsis glabrata IFO 0005, was investigated by metabolic flux analysis. Particular attention was focused on the effect of culture conditions, such as dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and thiamine concentration, on specific pathway activities. The results of metabolic flux analysis indicate that the thiamine concentration significantly affected pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase activities, and plays an important role in cell growth and pyruvate production. Metabolic flux analysis was also utilized to clarify the metabolism of this strain during pyruvate fermentation under different oxygen supply conditions, and the reason for the enhanced pyruvate production under conditions of 30-40% DO concentration was clarified from the viewpoint of intracellular flux distributions. Based on the analysis of the effect of thiamine concentration on the metabolic fluxes, we conducted a fed-batch experiment where the initial thiamine concentration was reduced to 30 microg/l and thiamine was added at 10 microg/l during fermentation when the cell growth rate decreased to 0.2 h(-1). With separate addition of thiamine, the overall pyruvate yield could be improved by 15% due to the decrease of ethanol production.