基于 HMM的分布式拒绝服务攻击检测方法

在分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）攻击时，网络中数据包的统计特征会显示出异常．检测这种异常是一项重要的任务．一些检测方法基于数据包速率的假设，然而这种假设在一些情况下是不合理的．另一些方法基于IP地址和数据报长度的统计特征，但这些方法在IP地址欺骗攻击时检测率急剧下降．提出了一种基于隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）的DDoS异常检测方法．该方法集成了4种不同的检测模型以对付不同类型的攻击．通过从数据包中提取TCP标志位，UDP端口和ICMP类型及代码等属性信息建立相应的TCP，UDP和ICMP的隐马尔可夫模型，用于描述正常情况下网络数据包序列的统计特征．然后用它来检测网络数据包序列，判断是否有DDoS攻击．实验结果显示该方法与其他同类方法相比通用性更好、检测率更高．     

SDN环境下基于DBN的DDoS攻击检测

软件定义网络(SDN)作为新型网络架构模式,其安全威胁主要来自DDoS攻击,建立高效的DDoS攻击检测系统是网络安全管理的重要内容.在SDN环境下,针对DDoS的入侵检测算法具有支持协议少、实用性差等缺陷,为此,提出一种基于深度信念网络(DBN)的DDoS攻击检测算法.分析SDN环境下DDoS攻击的机制,通过Mininet模拟SDN的网络拓扑结构,并使用Wireshark完成DDoS流量数据包的收集和检测.实验结果表明,与XGBoost、随机森林、支持向量机算法相比,该算法具有攻击检测准确性高、误报率低、检测速率快和易于扩展等优势,综合性能较好.     

MANET中基于邻居联盟的DDoS攻击检测和过滤

随着移动自组织网络在各个领域里得到广泛的使用,其安全性显得越来越重要.DDoS攻击在有线网络中产生了极大的破坏,同样,它已经威胁到移动自组织网络的安全.提出一种新的防御体系来抵御移动自组织网络中DDoS攻击.该防御模式基于邻居联盟,并在此基础上对攻击数据包进行检测与过滤.通过实验证明该检测与过滤策略能够有效地防御DDoS攻击.此外,该策略耗费较小的存储空间以及具有较高的时间效率.     

针对WSN的DDoS攻击的改进概率包标记算法研究*

当无线传感器网络（WSN）遭受分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）攻击时,攻击者会传送大量攻击数据包到受害主机,使其迅速消耗资源而无法正常运作,最终造成网络瘫痪。为了检测针对资源有限的WSN的DDoS攻击,基于传统网络的概率包标记算法提出一个改进概率包标记算法,使其适应在WSN中检测DDoS攻击。改进的算法减少了重建攻击路径所需的攻击数据包,从而减少WSN的资源消耗,弥补了WSN资源有限的缺陷。     

应用非迭代Apriori算法检测分布式拒绝服务攻击

提出了一种非迭代Apriori算法,无需多次扫描事务数据库,使用一步交集操作处理同一时间段的网络数据包,通过挖掘各数据包之间的强关联规则,可较快检测分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）攻击。与现有算法相比,检测DDoS攻击的时间和空间性能较优。在DARPA数据集上的实验结果表明应用该算法能有效检测DDoS攻击。     

基于DDoS攻击的检测防御模型的研究

本文介绍了DDoS攻击的原理和传统DDoS检测防御系统的缺点,提出了一种全面、主动、有效的DDoS防御模型,引入了移动Agent技术、Honeypot技术以及MVP技术。本模型的移动Agent技术真正、有效地实现了分布式检测;Honeypot实现主动防御,诱导攻击进入蜜罐主机,保护真实的网络环境;MVP技术则有效地分离了合法流量和恶意流量。该模型部署和操作简单,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

一种基于Hurst参数的SYN Flooding攻击实时检测方法

提出了一种轻量级的源端DDoS攻击检测的有效方法.基于Bloom Filter技术提取网络数据包中新的可疑源IP地址出现的次数,然后使用实时在线VTP方法进行异常检测,不仅能够实时检测出DDoS攻击的存在,而且能够避免因为网络数据流量的正常突变引起的误报.从实验结果可以看出,该方法还能够发现大流量背景下,攻击流量没有引起整个网络流量显著变化的DDoS攻击.     

基于网络连接分析的DDoS攻击检测模型

分布式拒绝服务（Distmuted Denial of Service,DDoS）攻击是当前网络安全的主要威胁之一。通过对网络连接特征的分析,提出了一种DDoS攻击检测模型。该模型利用DDoS早期攻击阶段的固有特性,从网络连接数据的统计分析中探寻系统正常行为的分布规律并确定DDoS攻击检测阈值。最后,通过模拟攻击实验验证了检测模型的有效性。实验结果表明,该模型能快速有效地实现对早期DDoS攻击的检测,并对其他网络安全检测研究具有一定的指导意义。     

IPv6中一种基于卷积的DDoS攻击两阶段防御机制

针对IPv6快速普及背景下分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击威胁不断增长的现状, 提出一种两阶段的DDoS攻击防御机制, 包括初期实时监控DDoS攻击发生的预检测阶段, 以及告警后精准过滤DDoS攻击流量的深度检测阶段. 首先, 分析IPv6报文格式并解析PCAP流量捕获文件中的16进制头部字段作为样本元素. 其次, 在预检测阶段, 引入轻量化二值卷积神经网络(BCNN), 设计一种二维流量矩阵作为模型输入, 整体感知网络在混杂DDoS流量后出现的恶意态势作为告警DDoS发生的证据. 告警后, 深度检测阶段介入, 引入一维卷积神经网络(1DCNN)具体区分混杂的DDoS报文, 从而下发阻断策略. 在实验中, 自建IPv6-LAN拓扑并基于NAT 4to6技术重放CIC-DDoS2019公开集生成纯IPv6-DDoS流量源测试. 结果证明, 所提机制提升针对DDoS攻击的响应速度、准确度和攻击流量过滤效率, 当DDoS流量出现仅占总网络6%和10%时, BCNN就能以90.9%和96.4%的准确度感知到DDoS攻击的发生, 同时1DCNN能够以99.4%准确率区分DDoS报文并过滤.     

结合概率图模型与DNN的DDoS攻击检测方法

从传统网络到物联网,分布式拒绝服务攻击一直是网络安全的隐患。为提高分布式拒绝服务攻击的检测率,提出基于概率图模型与深度神经网络的DDoS攻击检测方案。该检测方案由数据预处理阶段和攻击检测阶段组成,在数据预处理阶段,研究了正常数据包与攻击包的区别,分别从TCP、UDP以及IP数据包包头信息提取出较高维的统计特征,根据随机森林计算的特征重要性因子,保留了前22个特征用于流量检测。22个统计特征通过概率图模型的隐马尔科夫算法进行聚类,然后将聚类结果通过检测阶段的深度神经网络对网络数据进行进一步的检测。在CICDoS数据集上进行验证性实验,结果表明,该检测方法的准确率最高可达99.35%,最低检测误报率和漏警率分别可达0.51%和0.12%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。