中间层对10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管TLP连接接头组织和性能的影响

分别用自制I01,I02和I03 Ni基合金作中闯层对10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管进行TLP连接,分析了不同中间层对10CrgMo1VNb钢管TLP连接接头的力学性能和显微组织的影响.研究表明,在合理的工艺参数下,用I03作中间层TLP连接10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管,接头组织与母材的接近,抗拉强度和抗弯强度超过母材;在中间层的选用过程中,除化学成分要接近母材外,降熔元素的含量也是关键因素之一.     

10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管的瞬时液相扩散连接与TIG+SMAW焊对比分析

针对目前应用熔焊方法连接管道的不足,介绍了管道的瞬时液相扩散连接(TIP连接)技术.分别对10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管采用TLP连接和TIG+SMAW焊,对比分析了10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管TLP连接和TIG+SMAW焊在外观、接头强度和生产率、成本、劳动卫生等方面的优劣.结果表明,10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管TLP连接外观较好,接头强度高,生产率、成本、劳动卫生好,管道的TLP连接具有良好的应用前景.     

10Cr9Mo1VNb钢TLP接头高温力学性能

10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管多用于高温环境,采用TLP焊接10Cr9Mo1VNb钢,分别在650℃、680℃保温500h,分析了不同保温温度下10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管TLP焊接头的显微组织和力学性能.试验结果表明:当保温温度为650℃时,TLP焊接接头的力学性能略下降,晶粒增大,晶间出现了少量碳化物聚集.得出M23C6碳化物是10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管TLP焊接头保持高温力学性能稳定性的重要因素;但当保温温度达到680℃,碳化物的积聚程度增加,Cr、Mo在a-Fe中的扩散能力有所增加,微量Cr、Mo迁移到碳化物中,导致固溶强化减弱,接头高温力学性能稳定性下降.     

降熔元素对T91钢TLP连接组织和性能的影响

T91钢TLP连接的关键在于降熔元素MPD的选择.在1230℃～1260℃,3～5 MPa下,采用氩气保护,以自制中间层对T91钢管进行了瞬时液相扩散连接(TLP).运用正交试验分析了中闻层成分、温度和压力时接头显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:在合适的工艺参数下,T91钢TLP连接接头可获得良好的组织和性能;当中间层中的降熔元素含量差别较小时得到的接头组织仍然差别较大.指出中间层中的降熔元素对中间层的润湿、快速扩散和均匀化均有重要作用;以母材为基体加适量MPD(其中以B元素为最佳)可制出合适的中间层.     

不同中间层TLP连接T91钢管的组织和性能

用BNi2、Fe78Si9B13和FeNiCrSiB合金作中间层,氩气保护,对T91钢管进行了瞬时液相扩散连接(TLP).分析了不同中间层TLP连接接头的显微组织、力学性能和元素分布.研究表明,用BNi2中间层连接的接头性能很差,而用Fe78Si9B13中间层连接的接头有硼化物生成,在合适的工艺参数下,用FeNiCrSiB中间层连接的接头,室温下的抗拉强度和抗弯强度等于或超过基体.指出接头的断裂是由于脆性化合物的形成和接头显微组织的不连续引起的.     

耐热钢管的瞬时液相扩散焊工艺研究

用BNi2,Fe78Si9B13和FeNiCrSiB合金箔作中间层,氢气保护,分别对TP304和T91钢管进行了瞬时液相扩散(TLP)连接。分析了TLP连接接头的显微组织、力学性能和元素分布;确定出了合适的连接工艺参数。研究表明,TP304用BNi2和FeNiCrSiB作中间层,T91用FeNiCrSiB作中间层连接的接头室温下的抗拉强度和抗弯强度等于或超过基体。     

焊接温度对10Cr9Mo1VNb钢TLP接头性能的影响

采用氩气保护,在1230～1260℃、3～5MPa下,用镍基合金作中间层对10Cr9Mo1VNb钢管进行瞬时液相扩散焊,分析了不同焊接温度对其接头力学性能和显微组织的影响.结果表明:在焊接温度为1240℃时,接头的组织与母材最接近,力学性能最好.得出:中间层的扩散速度与焊接温度呈正比,母材的成分对焊接温度选择有重要影响.     

T91/12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢管TLP接头组织及断口形貌

用FeNiCrSiB非晶合金箔作中间层,在大气环境下用氩气保护,采用瞬时液相扩散焊(TLP)双温工艺和传统的TLP工艺对T91/12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢管进行连接,测试了常温下接头的力学性能,用扫描电镜分析了其弯曲断口形貌及接头界面的显微特征。结果表明,T91/12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢TLP双温工艺有利于提高接头组织性能,形成的界面模糊,起始断裂区形貌为韧窝,扩展区断口为解理断裂,没有明显的二次裂纹。     

DD3单晶合金TLP扩散焊接头组织及持久性能

采用粉状中间层合金D1P对镍基单晶高温合金DD3进行了TLP扩散焊,并对接头组织与性能进行分析研究.结果表明,D1P粉状中间层合金TLP扩散焊接头的焊缝主要由γ+γ'双相组织、枝状化合物(Mo,W,Cr,Ni)3B2和条状化合物(Cr,Mo)23(C,B)6组成,近缝区中存在块状或针状化合物相(Mo,W,Cr,Ni)3B2.接头中存在明显的组织不均匀现象,对接头性能具有明显的不利影响.接头组织不均匀现象可经过高温长时间保温消除,1 250℃/24 h/空冷扩散焊的接头,并在焊后进行时效处理,其980℃持久强度可达到母材的90%.     

保温时间对20钢管道瞬时液相扩散连接的影响

在开放式管道瞬时液相扩散焊机上进行20钢管的TLP连接.采用氩气保护,连接温度1180℃、连接压力4MPa,中间层材料选用非晶箔BNi_2,通过改变保温时间,研究其接头显微组织的变化及降熔元素的扩散情况.结果表明,当保温时间为2和2.5min时,降熔元素Ni、Cr扩散不充分;当保温时间增大到3min时,中间层中Ni、Cr扩散充分,达到比较理想状态,从而获得性能良好的连接接头.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。