基于本体推理演化的财经预测与分析

依托财经领域与知识工程专业研究人员的智慧,力求透过中国经济行业诸多市场要素,分析和总结市场经济大数据资讯信息的内在规律,构建财经本体库以及经济变动趋势预测本体推理规则库.利用本体推理技术将财经领域的专家学者的先验知识、经济发展客观规律制定成机器可识别与运算的本体推理规则,通过本体推理机进行经济趋势进行预测.     

基于本体的知识库推理研究

本体的应用是第二代语义Web的重要内容。利用本体构建知识库,进行逻辑判定,实现语义Web的自动推理,描述逻辑的作用十分重要。就知识库的本体描述以及在此基础上利用描述逻辑从不同角度的推理进行了研究,并分析了其内在联系。     

课程知识本体建模及推理

以计算机网络课程领域为例,研究并实现本体建模,利用Jena对其进行解析与推理,构造推理规则,设计一个基于本体的课程资源查询系统,对其体系结构及功能进行描述。实验结果证明,该方法能够解决传统学习资源查询缺乏语义支持的问题,比传统的学习资源查询有更高的查全率和查准率。     

基于本体的教育资源推理查询原型系统设计与实现

针对当前教育资源库存在的通用性差和缺乏语义查询等缺陷,将语义Web的重要基础本体及其推理和查询技术应用到教育资源领域,实现一个基于本体的教育资源推理查询原型系统。利用本体构建方法及建模工具protégé,以数据结构课程为例,构建一个基于元数据标准的教育资源领域本体;制定教育资源领域本体知识点推理规则,提出改进的语义相似度算法;设计并实现基于本体的教育资源推理查询原型系统。通过实验验证,该系统的查全率与查准率均高于基于关键字的查询。     

基于本体的液压系统故障诊断知识建模与推理

为了实现液压系统故障诊断知识集成与共享,提高知识组织和维修技术支持效率,论文引入本体作为知识建模的技术工具,在分析液压系统故障诊断知识结构、体系的基础上,利用protégé3.3.1、protégé3.4.7、protégé4.2系列版本软件和本体构建方法构建了液压系统故障诊断知识模型,并使用OWL语言描述了该本体,实现了本体的机器可读,通过Pro-Race、Pellet、JESS推理器和SWRL语言构建的液压系统液压油检测规则对构建的本体进行推理,实现了液压系统常见的故障诊断。初步实现了基于本体的知识建模,验证了模型的推理能力并应用于具体诊断,为有效地管理使用液压系统领域知识提供了新的技术手段。     

基于 BIM 和本体的建筑不规则类型审查

建筑不规则类型审查是建筑抗震审查的重要组成部分,对建筑抗震安全有重要意义。为提高审查 效率和准确性,提出一套基于建筑信息模型(BIM)和本体的建筑不规则类型审查方法。首先解析梳理建筑不规则 类型审查规范条文,然后将规范条文转译成计算机可识别的语义审查规则,并根据审查逻辑构建建筑不规则类型 审查本体;其次从待审查建筑的 BIM 文件中抽取审查信息,如楼层开洞面积,基于模板匹配算法从结构计算书 自动抽取审查所需计算结果参数,如扭转位移比;接着基于建筑不规则类型审查本体组织审查信息,利用审查规 则推理获得审查结果,进而生成审查报告。最后以某建筑为例验证了该方法的可行性和较强地扩展能力,为进一 步实现建筑抗震审查的自动化奠定了技术基础。     

基于推理信息的本体模块化方法

本体模块化在本体推理和复用等应用中有着极为重要的作用.怎么样将本体划分成小的模块是最基本的问题,目前本体模块化的工作主要集中在本体复用的目的上.在这篇文章中,我们提出了一种基于推理信息的本体模块化方法,该方法以提高推理的性能为目的.在基于同一最小推理集合内的公理之间内聚性将会增强的合理假设下,我们的模块化方法通过分析每次推理的过程,得到推理的最小推理集合,然后增强最小推理集合内公理1之间的内聚度,最后根据内聚度将本体划分成模块.在评估阶段,我们首先使用训练公理划分本体,然后通过测试公理来调查本体推理性能提高的程度.根据训练公理和测试公理所属范围的不同,我们使用了三组实验:训练公理和测试公理限定在同一较小范围,训练公理和测试公理不限定范围,训练公理和测试公理的范围实现三次不同的改变.实验的结果尤其是符合实际应用情况的实验三的结果证明了基于推理信息的本体模块化方法的有效性.     

基于本体特征提取的事例推理研究

本文以智能交易甄别原型系统为例,以反洗钱知识为背景,结合基于本体的半结构化文本特征提取和基于事例的推理方法,通过对可疑案例报告提交的数据进行特征值提取,并与案例库中的案例进行匹配,从而发现大额可疑交易记录。将基于事例推理技术应用于大额可疑交易甄别中,是对该技术应用领域的成功扩充,同时也是对基于模型推理的有效补
充。本文利用本体对领域知识的描述信息来分析特征词之间的关系,描述了基于事例推理的思想及方法,并结合实例对其进行了进一步的说明。     

基于本体的范例推理系统研究综述*

在总结本体和基于范例的推理（CBR）各自的发展现状,分析它们各自的特点、面临的困难与不足的基础上,从理论上分析了基于本体的CBR系统正在逐渐成为研究热点的原因——发现本体与CBR相结合必然产生双赢的局面;进而对国内外基于本体的CBR研究进行综述,总结了存在的不足和面临的主要困难,并提出了一个初步的解决策略和今后的发展方向。     

基于本体不确定性推理的故障诊断

针对航空维修行业内不同角色企业故障诊断知识、系统、资源的分散、封闭、异构等原因导致的故障知识不易共享、重用的问题,采用本体来构建故障知识库;并设计其本体知识模型结构,以表达故障现象与故障结论间存在的不确定性关系;进一步编写相应的推理规则,设计基于本体的不确定性推理系统。以飞机发动机故障诊断为例进行了验证。     

An ontology-based analysis of the industry foundation class schema for building information model exchanges

Robust knowledge sharing frameworks between different stakeholders in a building project is of high priority. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) provides a rich schema for interoperability through object-based transactions. However, IFC lacks semantic clarity in mapping entities and relationships, resulting in multiple definitions to map the same information between different federated models. The objective of this research is to examine IFC from a perspective of an ontological framework, which can make the IFC definitions more formal, consistent and unambiguous. Different methods of ontological approaches to engineering knowledge are reviewed. Various issues such as the need for a logical framework, the current semantic approaches in the AEC/FM industry, and advantages of building an ontology structure are addressed. A comparative study of the ontology and segments of the existing IFC schema definition are performed. This exercise reveals the ambiguous nature of current IFC definitions and proposes reforms such that data exchanges would be more semantically robust. An ontology would structure the overall interoperability of BIM tools by providing a formal and consistent taxonomy and classification structure for extending IFC and for defining subsets as model view definitions (MVD).     

基于BIM的管线优化方法

BIM技术在综合管线设计中的一个重要功能是解决管道碰撞问题。然而手工绘制调整管道的效率低下，因此本文结合Revit二次开发技术，实现基于BIM的管线快速调整优化。首先对综合管线模型中的图元信息进行提取，构建基于AABB和空间几何的混合碰撞检测算法，识别产生碰撞的管道。然后对综合管线工程设计规范进行参数化处理，提出管线调整优化算法，确定待调整管线和调整范围。实现了碰撞管线的自动调整优化，提高了工程设计效率。     

Merging BIM and GIS using ontologies application to urban facility management in ACTIVe3D

This article presents the research work done in order to reduce the gap of heterogeneity between Geographic Information System and Building Information Models. The goal is to extend a platform dedicated to facility management called ACTIVe3D. We want to enlarge its scope to take into account the management of urban elements contained in the building environment, as well as other buildings. The particularity of the platform is that data can be accessed either by a semantic view or through a 3D interface. The SIGA3D project describes a set of processes that aims, for all the stakeholders of urban projects, to manage pieces of information through all the lifecycle of construction projects. To solve the heterogeneity problem between BIM and GIS, we developed a semantic extension to the BIM called UIM (Urban Information Modeling). This extension defines spatial, temporal and multi-representation concepts to build an extensible ontology. The knowledge database can be populated with information coming from standards like IFC and CityGML. This information system has been adapted and implemented into the existing platform and is today fully operational and used by thousands of users.     

State of research in automatic as-built modelling

Building Information Models (BIMs) are becoming the official standard in the construction industry for encoding, reusing, and exchanging information about structural assets. Automatically generating such representations for existing assets stirs up the interest of various industrial, academic, and governmental parties, as it is expected to have a high economic impact. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of the as-built modelling process, with focus on the geometric modelling side. Relevant works from the Computer Vision, Geometry Processing, and Civil Engineering communities are presented and compared in terms of their potential to lead to automatic as-built modelling.     

A meta-model approach for formal specification and consistent management of multi-LOD building models

The design of a building is a collaborative process among experts from multiple disciplines. Using Building Information Modeling (BIM), a model is developed through multiple refinement stages to satisfy various design and engineering requirements. Such refinements of geometric and semantic information are described as levels of development (LOD). Thus far, there is no method to explicitly define an LOD’s requirements nor to precisely specify the uncertainties involved. Furthermore, despite the insufficient information in the early design stages, a BIM model appears precise and certain, which can lead to false assumptions and model evaluations, for example, in the case of energy efficiency calculations or structural analyses. Hence, this paper presents a multi-LOD meta-model to explicitly describe an LOD’s requirements, incorporating the potential fuzziness of both, geometric and semantic information of individual elements. The explicitly defined fuzziness can be taken into account when applying simulations or analyses for assessing the performance of different building design variants. To support the continuous elaboration of a building from the conceptual to the detailed design stages, the multi-LOD model makes it possible to ensure the consistency of the geometric and semantic information as well as the topological coherence across the different LODs. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by its prototypical implementation as a web-server and user-interface, providing a means for managing and checking the exchange requirements both at the meta-level and for concrete building model instances. The paper is concluded with a case study of a real-world construction project that demonstrates the use of the meta-model to support model analysis and the decision-making process.     

Ensemble-learning approach for the classification of Levels Of Geometry (LOG) of building elements

The provision of geometric and semantic information is among the most fundamental tasks in BIM-based building design. As the design is constantly developing along with the design phases, there is a need for a formalism to define its maturity and detailing. In practice, the concept of Level of Development (LOD) is used to specify what information must be available at which time. Such information is contractually binding and crucial for different kinds of evaluations. Numerous commercial and open-source BIM tools currently support the automatic validation of semantic information. However, the automatic validation of the modeled geometry for fulfilling the expected detailing requirements is a complex and still unsolved task. In current practice, domain experts evaluate the models manually based on their experience. Hence, this paper presents a framework for formally analyzing and automatically checking the Level Of Geometry (LOG) of building information models. The proposed framework first focuses on generating a LOG dataset according to the popular LOD specifications. Afterwards, multiple geometric features representing the elements’ complexity are extracted. Finally, two tree-based ensemble models are trained on the extracted features and compared according to their accuracy in classifying building elements with the correct LOG. Measuring the modeling time showed a 1.88–2.80-fold increase between subsequent LOGs, with an 8–15-fold increase for LOG 400 compared to LOG 200. The results of classifying the LOG indicated that the combination of 16 features can represent the LOG complexity. They also indicated that the trained ensemble models are capable of classifying building elements with an accuracy between 83% and 85%.     

基于区块链的建筑信息模型图纸多人协同创作系统

建筑信息模型(BIM)图纸多人协同创作在大型建筑项目中很重要,而现有的基于Revit等建模软件或云服务的BIM图纸多人协同创作方法存在BIM图纸版本混乱、不易溯源以及数据安全风险等问题.针对这些问题,设计了一种基于区块链的BIM图纸多人协同创作系统.该系统采用链上链下协同的存储方式,使用区块链和数据库分别存储BIM图纸...     

Information Quality Assessment for Facility Management

Assessing the quality of building information models (BIMs) is an important yet challenging task within the construction industry as projects are increasingly being delivered with BIM. This is particularly essential for facility management (FM) users as downstream information consumers that depend on the quality of models developed in the previous project phases. The research presented in this paper addresses this challenge by introducing a framework for information quality assessment (IQA) of BIMs for FM uses. The IQA framework is the outcome of an extensive study of two large owner organizations involving numerous BIM projects. The framework is structured based on the essential FM subjects: assets, spaces, and systems, and the model characteristics: objects, attributes, relationships, and spatial information. The framework is then operationalized through the development and evaluation of information quality (IQ) tests using BIM model checking tools across three projects with different levels of detail and complexity. The proposed IQA framework and associated tests advance the state of knowledge about BIM quality in terms of methods to represent and evaluate conformance to owner requirements.     

Automated BIM data validation integrating open-standard schema with visual programming language

A building design must comply with a wide spectrum of requirements stipulated by building codes, normative standards, owner’s specifications, industry’s guidelines, and project requirements. The current rule-based compliance checking practice is a costly bottleneck in a building project, and thus, there is a demand for a design evaluation process that incorporates automated checking capabilities to address the inefficiency and the error-prone nature of the current manual checking practice. The inherent complexity of building design rules and impracticability of existing automated checking approaches are two key challenges that must be addressed to enable practical compliance checking automation. This research study proposes a new modularized framework that integrates the emerging open standard, LegalRuleML, with a Visual Programming Language. The framework allows a standardized method of defining design rules in a machine-readable and executable format. The proposed approach encompasses the entire compliance checking process from the interpretation of natural language-based requirements to machine-readable rules, rule categorization, rule parameterization, and the execution of the rules on the ISO-standard building information model. This modularized BIM-based design validation framework is expected to help automatically and iteratively evaluate the level of quality and defects of information conveyed in a given building model as an essential part of the early design process.     

Vagueness visualization in building models across different design stages

The iterative and developing nature of designing a building involves the specification and handling of vague, imprecise, and incomplete information. A crucial factor for mitigating the impact of these uncertainties on the decision-making process is to effectively quantify and communicate them among the project stakeholders. The interactive visualization of 3D building models provides great support for evaluating building designs. However, the currently available visualization methods of the available authoring tools do not incorporate the potential uncertainties associated with the geometric and semantic information of building elements. Currently, building models appear precise and certain, even in the early design stages, which can lead to false assumptions and model evaluations, affecting the decisions made throughout the design stages. Hence, this paper presents a set of visualization approaches, including intrinsic, extrinsic, animation, and walkthroughs, that have been developed to present the uncertainties associated with the building elements’ information. The efficiency of the approaches developed in this study was evaluated through an online survey and interviews. More specifically, the approaches were compared in terms of intuitiveness, applicability, and acceptance. The evaluation results positively indicated the participants’ ability to understand the amount and impact of the uncertainties on the design by using the developed approaches.