凝胶净化/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测辣椒制品及肉制品中多种脂溶性着色剂

建立了凝胶渗透色谱净化/高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定辣椒制品和肉制品中苏丹橙G、甲基黄、对位红,柑桔红2号,苏丹红G,苏丹Ⅰ,苏丹Ⅱ,苏丹Ⅲ,苏丹红7B,苏丹红B和苏丹Ⅳ的分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯或乙腈-乙酸乙酯溶液提取后采用凝胶渗透色谱净化,通过ACQUITY HPLC BEH C18色谱柱以体积分数0.1%甲酸-体积分数0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液作流动相梯度洗脱分离,采用多反应监测模式进行检测。目标分析物使用同位素内标苏丹Ⅰ-D5和苏丹Ⅳ-D6定量,11种待测物质量浓度在10~500 ng/mL范围呈良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.99,方法的定量下限均达到5μg/kg。空白样品在5,10,20μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.7%~100.9%,相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于10%。     

固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定血液中的4种苏丹染料

建立了血液样品中4种苏丹染料（苏丹Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ）的固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱（UFLC-MS/MS）测定方法。样品经乙腈涡旋振荡提取,上清液加等体积水稀释混匀后移入C18固相萃取小柱净化,采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液和0.1%（v/v）甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相梯度洗脱分离,电喷雾电离（ESI）正离子多反应监测模式进行定量分析。讨论了苏丹Ⅲ和苏丹Ⅳ的偶氮基团E-Z光学异构现象,并对影响因素进行了分析。结果4种苏丹染料在0.1~20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;在低、中、高3个加标水平的平均回收率为93.0%~108.2%,相对标准偏差为4.8%~9.5%;方法的检出限（LOD）为0.06 μg/L,定量限（LOQ）为0.2 μg/L。本方法准确、快速、灵敏,可用于血液样品中苏丹类染料的检测分析。     

在线分子印迹-化学发光法对食品中苏丹红Ⅰ的测定

以苏丹红Ⅰ作模板分子,用悬浮聚合法制备出微米级苏丹红Ⅰ分子印迹聚合物并将其做成微固相萃取柱,直接安装在流动注射系统的八通阀上,对样品溶液中的苏丹红Ⅰ进行在线分离和富集;经甲醇和甲酸混合洗脱液（体积比2：1）在线洗脱后与酸性高锰酸钾发生化学发光反应。据此建立了在线分子印迹微固相萃取,高锰酸钾氧化苏丹红化学发光测定食品中苏丹红Ⅰ的新方法。结果表明,测定的苏丹红Ⅰ线性范围为1．0×10^-6～7．0×10^-4g／L,方法检出限（3仃）为3×10^-7g／L,11次平行测定1×10^-5g／L苏丹红Ⅰ溶液的化学发光强度相对标准偏差为2．0％。     

高效液相色谱法测定禽蛋产品中苏丹红类染料

采用高效液相色谱法测定了禽蛋产品中苏丹红类染料,包括苏丹红Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ及对位红的残留量。试样中苏丹红类染料用丙酮萃取,用固相萃取法将萃取液通过MAX柱达到进一步的分离和提纯。MAX柱经过用甲醇、氢氧化钠及乙酸乙酯先后淋洗后,最终用由乙酸乙酯、甲醇及甲酸组成的淋洗剂淋洗。用氮气吹干洗出液,残渣用乙腈浸取,所得溶液经滤膜过滤后供HPLC测定。方法的检出限为0.1 mg.L-1,以咸蛋样品为基体分别加入0.25和1.0 mg.kg-1的5种苏丹红类染料的标准作了回收试验,所得回收率结果在76%~92%之间,也作了方法的精密度试验,所得相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于4.5%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定浓缩胡萝卜汁中8种苏丹类染料

提出了液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定浓缩胡萝卜汁中苏丹橙G、苏丹红G、苏丹红7B、苏丹黄、苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ等8种苏丹类染料含量的方法。样品经正己烷提取,于39℃旋转蒸发至近干,氮气吹干后用1mL乙腈和0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸(1+1)混合液溶解。采用Hypersil GOLD色谱柱(50mm×2.1mm,1.9μm)为分离柱和以不同比例的0.1%甲酸和甲醇混合液为流动相作梯度淋洗,采用多反应监测正离子模式监测。8种苏丹类染料的质量浓度均在30～100μg.L-1范围内呈线性,测定下限(10S/N)在5～30μg.kg-1之间。在3个浓度水平下做加标回收试验,回收率在72.0%～96.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在6.2%～9.6%之间。     

分子印迹固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定食品中苏丹红Ⅰ-Ⅳ

以苏丹红Ⅰ为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体合成了苏丹红分子印迹聚合物,作为固相萃取吸附剂,用于食品中苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的测定。样品经乙腈提取,所得提取液分子印迹固相萃取柱,然后用乙醇-正己烷（1+1）溶液作洗脱剂将苏丹红洗下,收集洗出液供高效液相色谱测定。结果表明:聚合物对印迹分子具有很好的亲和性和特异选择性。方法的线性范围为0.5～15 mg·L^-1,检出限（3S/N）为4μg·kg^-1。以辣椒粉和辣椒酱为基体,在3个浓度水平下做加标回收试验,回收率在70.3%～85.5%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=5）低于6.0%。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定咸鸭蛋黄中的斑蝥黄和苏丹红

采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定了咸鸭蛋黄中的斑蝥黄和苏丹红。以乙腈-甲醇-氯仿(体积比为1∶0.5∶0.5)混合溶液提取咸鸭蛋黄中的斑蝥黄和苏丹红。提取液经减压蒸馏至近干,用乙腈定容。以乙腈-水(体积比为95∶5)为流动相,经XDB-Ｃ18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm)分离,采用478 nm～520 nm~471 nm三段变波长检测,获得了较好的分离效果和较低的检测限。将该法用于咸鸭蛋黄中斑蝥黄和苏丹红的测定,苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ和斑蝥黄的回收率分别为97.34%,89.56%,90.98%,93.63%和95.15%;相对标准偏差分别为2.7%,4.3%,5.1%,4.9%和3.1%。该法简便、快速、准确。     

蛋品中苏丹红残留的液相色谱串联质谱测定法研究

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定了蛋品中苏丹红I、II、III、Ⅳ号染料的残留。制样后,装柱,应用基质固相分散技术,用氯仿、乙腈混合溶液（体积比为90：10）淋洗,浓缩定容后经ZORBAX SB-C18柱分离,采用电喷雾正离子,多反应监控（MRM）模式检测。外标曲线定量,苏丹红I、II、III、Ⅳ的线性范围分别为0.5～100ng/g,5.0～100ng/g,1.0～100ng/g和2.0～100ng/g,线性方程的相关系数都大于0.99,添加样品回收率在87.3～113％之间,相对标准偏差均小于9.1％。针对四种苏丹红染料,该方法的检测低限分别可达0.1μg/kg,2.0μg/kg,0.2μg/kg,0.4μg/kg,可以满足国内外蛋品中苏丹红监控要求。     

蛋品中苏丹红残留的液相色谱串联质谱测定法研究

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定了蛋品中苏丹红I、II、III、Ⅳ号染料的残留。制样后,装柱,应用基质固相分散技术,用氯仿、乙腈混合溶液（体积比为90：10）淋洗,浓缩定容后经ZORBAX SB-C18柱分离,采用电喷雾正离子,多反应监控（MRM）模式检测。外标曲线定量,苏丹红I、II、III、Ⅳ的线性范围分别为0.5～100ng/g,5.0～100ng/g,1.0～100ng/g和2.0～100ng/g,线性方程的相关系数都大于0.99,添加样品回收率在87.3～113％之间,相对标准偏差均小于9.1％。针对四种苏丹红染料,该方法的检测低限分别可达0.1μg/kg,2.0μg/kg,0.2μg/kg,0.4μg/kg,可以满足国内外蛋品中苏丹红监控要求。     

分散固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中8种脂溶性着色剂

建立了饲料中8种脂溶性着色剂(对位红、苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ、苏丹红7B、苏丹红G、苏丹黄)含量的液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。饲料样品中脂溶性着色剂经乙腈提取,离心后上清液采用分散固相萃取净化,净化液稀释后进行LC-MS/MS分析。样品测定时采用Acquity BEH C18色谱柱进行色谱分离,以0.2%甲酸溶液-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,同位素稀释内标法定量。8种脂溶性着色剂在1.0~200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.998;在饲料中的方法检出限为5.0μg/kg,定量下限为10μg/kg。在10,50,500μg/kg加标浓度下8种脂溶性着色剂的回收率为102%~111%,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~8.0%,批间RSD为2.8%~7.8%。该方法能满足饲料样品中脂溶性着色剂监控的需要。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.