稀土氧化物对低合金钢焊缝组织与韧性的影响

通过正交试验方法设计9组以稀土氧化物为添加剂的碱性焊条药皮成分,研究了在焊条药皮中添加的稀土氧化物种类和添加量对低合金钢焊缝组织与低温韧性的影响。试验结果表明,适量氧化镧、氧化铈和氧化钇的混合添加剂具有改善焊缝组织和提高焊缝低温冲击韧性的作用,在药皮中添加w(La2O3)0.7%,w(Ce2O3)1.0%和w(Y2O3)0.3%时,其焊缝低温韧性相对最好;氧化钇对焊缝低温韧性的影响程度明显高于氧化镧和氧化铈,而氧化镧和氧化铈对焊缝低温韧性的影响规律和作用程度基本相同。     

稀土氧化物及合金元素对堆焊金属显微组织的影响

采用金相显微镜对堆焊金属的显微组织进行了观察,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对堆焊金属中相结构进行了分析,用扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)对断口形貌及夹杂物进行了观察分析.结果表明,在含有Cr,Mn,Mo,N i等合金元素的焊条药皮中添加稀土氧化物,其堆焊金属组织为细针状铁素体,断口为细韧窝状,且分布均匀.而未添加稀土氧化物的堆焊金属组织为粗针状铁素体及少量珠光体,断口中存在准解理断裂形貌.添加稀土氧化物后,堆焊金属中夹杂物类型发生改变,形状近似球形,尺寸均在6μm以下,且弥散分布于堆焊金属中.     

纳米氧化物合金化对低合金高强钢熔敷金属组织和性能的影响

针对新型钢铁材料焊缝熔敷金属的韧化问题,采用直接氧化物合金化这一新型方法,通过焊接材料实现了纳米氧化物颗粒向液态熔池中的过渡,研究了纳米氧化物对低合金高强钢焊缝熔敷金属组织性能的影响. 结果表明,纳米Al₂O₃,TiO₂和稀土氧化物的添加使焊缝中生成了大量弥散分布、尺寸为0.2～0.8 μm的细小球形复合夹杂物,有效提高了针状铁素体的形核能力,形成了大量板条束尺寸约1～2 μm、且均匀分布的针状铁素体. 纳米氧化物的添加使熔敷金属的冲击韧性显著提高,尤其是添加二氧化钛和稀土氧化物的焊缝,其-20℃冲击韧性达到了150 J/cm2以上,比无氧化物添加的焊缝冲击韧性提高67%.     

纳米稀土氧化物对铁粉焊条焊缝低温冲击韧度的影响

在碱性铁粉焊条药皮中添加不同量的纳米稀土氧化物粉体.对焊缝进行扩散氢含量、低温冲击及化学成分的测试和分析.结果表明:适量的纳米稀土氧化物粉体可有效降低熔敷金属中扩散氢及硫、磷的含量,并能显著提高焊缝金属的低温冲击韧度.     

稀土Ce对非调质钢中硫化物特征及微观组织的影响

通过稀土Ce微合金化手段,采用SEM、EDS和ASPEX等手段对不同Ce含量的非调质钢中的夹杂物形貌、数量和尺寸以及实验用钢的显微组织进行了表征,结合Thermo-Calc热力学软件对含Ce硫化物夹杂的形成过程进行了分析,并通过三维原子探针（3DAP）对晶界和相界面处的元素分布进行表征。结果表明,Ce在1800℃与S结合形成Ce₃S₄夹杂,1480℃转变为Ce₂S₃夹杂,1480℃以下形成Ce₂S₃为内核,Ti₄C₂S₂和Mn S包覆生长的复合夹杂物;添加Ce元素的实验用钢中90%以上的夹杂物的长径比小于2.5;Ce含量为0.019%（质量分数）时,实验用钢的组织最细,平均晶粒尺寸为4.17μm。3DAP的结果证明了Ce在晶界和相界处存在明显偏聚,阻碍了C扩散,抑制晶粒长大,另外,高温区形成的细小弥散含Ce夹杂物提供了形核质点,2者共同作用细化了非调质钢的组织。     

热处理对U76CrRE稀土重轨钢夹杂物和微观组织的影响

选取U76CrRE钢坯进行1100、1200、1300 ℃分别保温1、2、3 h的热处理,使用FEI-QUANTA400型扫描电镜对夹杂物进行了观察,利用Axiovert型蔡司光学显微镜对微观组织进行观察,使用Qness-Q10A+全自动显微硬度计进行硬度测试。结果表明,热处理对U76CrRE稀土重轨钢中夹杂物的作用明显,使夹杂物形状与尺寸都有明显改善,随着加热温度的升高,可以进一步优化MnS和复合夹杂物的形貌和尺寸。在1100 ℃加热时,MnS与复合夹杂物尺寸随着保温时间的增加而减小,形状得到明显改善;在1200 ℃加热时,随着保温时间的增加,MnS尺寸减小,复合夹杂尺寸变大。U76CrRE稀土重轨钢的晶粒随着加热温度的升高明显增大,硬度呈现先减后增的趋势,随着保温时间的增加逐渐减小。在1100 ℃加热时,试验钢中组织皆为马氏体、贝氏体和残留奥氏体,且晶界均不明显;在1200 ℃与1300 ℃保温超过1 h后,试验钢中网状渗碳体明显;在1300 ℃保温1 h时,晶界积碳严重,碳化物未得到有效溶解。在1200 ℃保温1 h时,试验钢中晶粒均匀,晶界明显,组织主要为残留奥氏体与珠光体,组织均匀。     

稀土含量对熔敷金属扩散氢逸出特性及性能的影响

通过碱性焊条药皮向焊缝金属过渡稀土元素的方法，并结合酒精法测氢技术、低温冲击试验以及小铁研抗裂性试验，研究了稀土含量对熔敷金属扩散氢逸出特性及性能的影响。研究结果表明，适量的稀土能显著降低熔敷金属的扩散氢含量，提高焊缝的低温韧性，并改善扩散氢的逸出特性，即使熔敷金属开始阶段扩散氢的逸出速率增加，对后期阶段的逸出速率影响较小；稀土的最佳加入量为0．5％，继续增加时，焊缝的韧性及抗裂性开始恶化。     

稀土对钢轨耐磨堆焊层金属组织及韧性的影响

对不同稀土含量的自保护药芯焊丝堆焊层金属进行了室温冲击试验和金相组织观察;并对冲击断口形貌进行了扫描电镜(SEM)分析和夹杂物的能谱(EDS)分析,同时对夹杂物生成自由能进行了计算。结果表明,随稀土的增加,焊缝冲击韧性先增加后降低,加入4%的稀土,具有良好的晶粒尺寸和分布,冲击韧性最高;加入量超过8%时,形成的稀土硫化物、稀土氧化物残存于焊缝中形成夹杂,焊缝冲击韧性降低。热力学计算得到了几种夹杂物的生成先后顺序,从另一个角度解释了稀土的净化除杂作用。     

活性剂对焊缝熔深及微观组织的影响

研究了SiO2、CaF2、TiO2、Cr2O3和NaF五种单一成分活性剂及SiO2与Cr2O3混合活性剂对低合金高强钢TIG焊焊缝组织及熔深的影响。结果表明:与传统的TIG焊相比,活性剂能不同程度的提高焊缝熔深,涂敷Cr2O3、Cr2O3+SiO2活性剂的焊缝熔深是未涂活性剂焊缝的2倍以上。SiO2与Cr2O3混合活性剂不仅能提高熔深,而且对焊缝组织有明显的改善作用,使焊缝中细小的针状铁素体数量增加。该混合活性剂对针状铁素体形成的作用,可能与活性剂的涂敷会促进焊缝中锰、铬和硅的氧化物形成、降低针状铁素体的形核功有关。     

稀土Ce对Cu-Ag-P钎料钎焊接头组织和性能的影响

研究结果表明:当Ce含量为0.01%～0.025%时,钎料的流动性能优于不含稀土时的性能,但是对于Cu-Ag-P钎料钎焊接头强度没有明显影响.CuAg钎料钎焊接头组织为亚共晶,初生相为富Ag和P的α-Cu固溶体,共晶体组分为α-Cu固溶体 Cu3P.与不含稀土CuAgP钎料相比,Ce细化了钎缝组织,是改善钎料填缝性能的主要原因.     

Mechanism of effect of rare earth oxides on high temperature corrosion resistance of weld metal

Through the addition of rare earth oxides into the coming of electrodes, the high temperature oxidation and sulphidation resistance of weld metal were studied. The transfer mechanism of rare earth oxides from coating to the welding pool and the physicochemical reaction during the process were analyzed. With the application of scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer, the mechanism of weld metal corrosion in air and sulphur environment were studied. The result shows that the addition of rare earth oxides can improve the high temperature resistance of weld metal, especially in sulphidation environment. The electrodes in which La2O3 is added have better performance than the electrodes in which CeO2 is added. The existence form and distribution characteristic of rare earth are defined. It is believed that the marked effect of rare earth oxides in sulphur environment is related to the corrosion mechanism.     

Influence of rare earth element Y on composition, microstructure and inclusion of the weld

In this paper, the influence of rare element Y on the composition, microstructure and inclusions of the weld metal has been studied by using the method of "alloy addition in a molten pool". The results show: (1) The composition of the weld metal is not obviously affected by little amount of Y-SiFe addition. (2) Y-SiFe can make weld microstructure fine and raise the hardness of the weld. (3) Y-SiFe has not obvious influence on the inclusion size. (4) When the amount of Y is a little, Y accumulates in the silicates of Ti, Mn and other compound inclusion with MnS.     

稀土对GDL-1型贝氏体钢的显微组织及力学性能的影响

研究了稀土对GDL-1型贝氏体钢在空冷状态的贝氏体组织、亚结构及其力学性能的影响。结果表明,随混合稀土含量的增加贝氏体条中的亚结构更加细化,亚片条、亚单元数量增加,在稀土含量为0．018wt％-0．022wt％状态,亚片条宽度尺寸0．2—0．9μm,亚单元宽度尺寸30—250nm。亚片条、亚单元之间为稳定的残留奥氏体,并对应强韧性大幅度提高。当稀土含量达到0．042wt％,强韧性降低,与钢中夹杂物显著增加有关。并从激发形核．台阶长大模型出发分析了RE对显微组织影响的原因。     

Effect of copper on mechanical properties of high strength SMAW weld-metal

Mechanical properties of SMA W （shielded metal arc welding） weld metal （ yield strength higher than 900 MPa ） with systemazic additions of copper （ up to 1.48 wt% ） were tested, The microstructure and precipitates in different regions were analyzed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope, The results indicate that copper improves the low temperature toughness of weld metal when the copper content is low and reaches the peak value 48 J （ at - 50℃ ） with 0. 2 wt% copper additions. When the content is high the copper precipitates as 8-Cu phase in the reheat zone of middle beads. These precipitates improve the strength of the weld metal evidently （ yield strength up to 975 MPa） without obvious effect on the low temperature toughness. The copper within 1.1 wt% content can improve the strength without toughness loss.     

稀土元素Ce对Zn-22Al钎料组织和性能的影响

研究了稀土元素Ce的添加对Zn-22Al钎料的电阻率、熔化特性、铺展性能、显微组织以及钎焊接头抗剪强度的影响.结果表明,铈的加入对钎料的电阻率、熔化特性影响甚微,但显著改善了钎料的铺展性能,细化了钎料的基体组织,提高了钎焊接头的抗剪强度.当Ce元素的添加量达到0.05%时,钎料在铝、铜两种母材上的铺展面积取得最大值,分别较未添加时提高了21.4%和11.6%;钎焊接头抗剪强度达到最大值91.3 MPa,比未添加稀土时提高了30.3%.稀土铈含量继续增加时,其显微组织中出现脆性稀土相并且尺寸有增大的趋势,钎料铺展性能、钎焊接头强度明显恶化.     

Effect of rare earth additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloys

In order to meet the demands of high temperature components in automobile, the microstructure and mechanical properties of several new die-casting AZ91-rare earth (RE) magnesium alloys were studied. The alloys were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), tensile and creep tests. The results show that Ce addition has little effect on the mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy at high temperature, while Y and Nd addition play important role in the improvement of creep resistance. New alloys containing Y or Nd with excellent high temperature performance are selected to produce cylinder head cover of high power diesel engine of Red Flag car and oil pan of Besturn car. The new magnesium alloys with RE addition for die-casting have potential to produce power-train parts, and can greatly decrease weight.     

稀土氧化钇对高强度钢焊条熔敷金属组织和性能影响

基于Ni-Cr-Mo-V合金体系,研究了稀土氧化钇对800 MPa高强度钢焊条焊缝微观组织和性能的影响.结果表明,Y₂O₃含量在0~0.02%范围内变化时,随着Y₂O₃含量的增加,焊缝熔敷金属组织中先共析铁素体逐渐降低,针状铁素体含量逐渐增加,强度和低温冲击韧性均逐渐增加,且当Y₂O₃含量为0.02%时,焊缝熔敷金属低温冲击韧性达到最大值;当Y₂O₃含量超过0.02%时,焊缝熔敷金属组织中针状铁素体含量下降,低温冲击韧性降低.综合考虑上述因素,该高强度钢焊条中Y₂O₃最佳添加量为0.02%左右.     

Effect of rare earth on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Cu-30Ni alloy

Cu-30Ni-xRE (x = 0–0.213) alloys were prepared by a metal mould casting method. The effect of RE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys was investigated using optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope with energy-dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical test. The results show that RE has obvious effect on refining dendrite structure and grain size, as well as on purifying the melting of Cu-30Ni alloy. With the increase of RE content, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation increase at first and then decrease after adding RE more than 0.095 wt.%. Cu-30Ni-0.095RE alloy possesses preferable mechanical properties, i.e., the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 308 MPa, 125 MPa, and 51.2%, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties are worsened with increasing RE content more than 0.095 wt.%. The improvement of mechanical properties of Cu-30Ni-0.095RE alloy is attributed to RE refining microstructure and purifying the matrix.     

稀土Eu掺杂对金属氧化物涂层阳极电催化性能的影响

通过掺杂实验发现稀土Eu的添加有利于提高金属氧化物涂层阳极的电催化性能,X射线衍射的结果表明稀土缺氧氧化物Eu3O4的形成是电催化性能提高的主要原因。Eu掺杂成型工艺表明较高的热分解温度有利于晶粒的细化,使电极具有好的电催化性能,最佳温度值在500℃左右;Eu的添加量在主溶液离子浓度与稀土离子浓度之比为10：2时最佳。EDX扫描分析的结晶表明用化学溶液涂覆法制备的涂层成分分布均匀。