热处理对激光选区熔化成型高速钢组织和力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

基于激光选区熔化(selective laser melting,SLM)技术,采用加热打印基板和低功率慢扫描的打印策略,制备了近全致密、低缺陷的高速钢样品;对比分析了固溶淬火及1~4次高温回火等热处理工艺对高速钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:SLM极高的熔融/冷却速率产生了细晶奥氏体组织,解决了高速钢中常见的粗大莱氏体组织和网状碳化物问题。固溶淬火处理后高速钢组织由马氏体和残余奥氏体组成。随后在数次高温回火过程中,高速钢逐渐向回火马氏体转变,并析出大量微米级和纳米级MC型碳化物。在马氏体相变强化和MC型碳化物沉淀强化作用下,固溶淬火+3次回火的Tempered-Ⅲ样品硬度60HRC,抗弯强度3621 MPa,弯曲断裂应变为10.1%,获得硬度、强度和韧性匹配较佳的综合性能。继续增加回火次数则导致部分碳化物长大,使得高速钢弯曲断裂应变有所降低。通过SLM技术结合固溶淬火+高温回火,能够充分发挥细晶强化、相变强化和沉淀强化效果,为高强高韧复杂形状高速钢零件的快速制备提供了新途径。     

热工艺对激光选区熔化Hastelloy X合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化技术制备Hastelloy X试样,研究热等静压和固溶处理对Hastelloy X试样显微组织及拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:沉积态组织中可观察到熔池形貌、柱状晶及晶内的胞晶结构,无析出物,其拉伸性能表现出高强度低塑性特点,高温拉伸断口沿激光扫描熔化道断裂。经热等静压后,组织演变为等轴晶,晶界及晶内存在较多的析出物,裂纹愈合,试样拉伸强度降低,塑性提升,尤其是高温屈服强度降低了约48%,高温伸长率提升了约59%。经热等静压+固溶处理后,晶粒尺寸及形貌与热等静压态相比近乎无差异,但晶内析出物明显减少,该状态下的综合拉伸性能最优。     

热处理对BT14钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

本文研究了BT14钛合金热处理规范→显微组织→力学性能之间的关系.结果表明:热处理工艺对组织和力学性能的影响很大.其中,随着退火温度的升高,初生α相含量逐渐减小,α相颗粒逐渐粗化,向等轴状发展;随着退火温度的升高,合金的强度和硬度逐渐减小,但塑性变化是先升高后减小的趋势.热处理强化规范中低温淬火 低温时效所得的合金综合性能较优.但BT14钛合金强化效果不明显.     

热处理对铸造Ti15-3合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

借助光学显微分析、ＴＥＭ和ＳＥＭ分析手段研究了不同热处理工艺对Ｔｉ１５－３合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：合金在铸态时的组织特征为粗大的β相,由于合金中没有析出相的弥散强化作用,因而合金的强度低,在不同温度时效处理后,在晶内和晶界析出α相,随着时效温度和时效时间的增加,析出相不断粗化,与铸态相比,合金时效后强度大幅度提高而处伸率大幅度下降,在变形过程中,合金中的位错在析出相周围形成缠结,合     

退火态激光选区熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金组织与力学性能

AlSi10Mg合金具有高比强度、高耐磨性等优良特点。由于其成分接近共晶点,成形性能良好,被广泛应用于激光选区熔化技术。然而其热处理制度仍然沿用传统铸态合金的热处理规范,影响了其性能的充分发挥。本工作采用激光选区熔化技术制备了AlSi10Mg合金,并研究了沉积态和后续热处理过程中组织演化规律及其对室温力学性能的影响机制。研究发现：沉积态组织由沿沉积方向生长的α-Al柱状枝晶及枝晶间网状Al-Si共晶组成,具有强烈的〈100〉方向织构,沉积层由三部分组成,分别是细晶区、粗晶区及热影响区,抗拉强度389.5 MPa,伸长率4%。退火过程中,共晶Si破碎、球化,基体中过饱和Si不断析出长大。当退火温度从200 ℃提高到500 ℃时,Si颗粒发生Ostwald熟化,平均尺寸增长了23倍。经过300 ℃和500 ℃退火处理后,试样抗拉强度分别为287.0 MPa和268.0 MPa,但伸长率分别提高到10.3%和17.2%。     

热处理条件对锻造ZK60-Y镁合金力学性能的影响

研究了不同热处理条件下锻造ZK60-Y镁合金微观组织的变化对其力学性能的影响.结果表明,直接进行人工时效的合金具有优越的强度和塑性.XRD分析表明,析出相主要有Mg2Zn3、Mg24Y5、Zn2Zr3和w-Mg3Y2Zn3.Mg2Zn3和w-Mg3Y2Zn3等析出相的尺寸、数量及其在基体中的分布状态对合金的力学性能影响很大.锻造态下大块破碎呈带状分布的Mg3Y2Zn3相及T4和T6态下粗化呈片层状的Mg2Zn3相是合金力学性能降低的主要原因.细小呈带状分布的Mg3Y2Zn3相和细层片状分布的Mg2Zn3相及其在此状态下细小的晶粒使T5态合金具有优越的抗拉强度和塑性.     

The effect of laser energy input on the microstructure,physical and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloys by selective laser melting

Selective laser melting is an advanced manufacturing process which can control the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of as-manufactured products via various processing parameters. In this study, the porosity/relative density, surface quality, microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated on the selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens fabricated with a wide range of laser energy inputs. It was found that the microstructure of selected laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloys is typical of acicular martensites α′. Quantitative analysis reveals that the relative density, martensitic lath size and microhardness increase with the laser energy input. The surface quality is also substantially affected by the energy input.     

Effects of heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 6061 aluminium alloy

This paper describes the mechanical behavior of the 6061-T6 aluminium alloy at room temperature for various previous thermal histories representative of an electron beam welding. A fast-heating device has been designed to control and apply thermal loadings on tensile specimens. Tensile tests show that the yield stress at ambient temperature decreases if the maximum temperature reached increases or if the heating rate decreases. This variation of the mechanical properties is the result of microstructural changes which have been observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).     

Ti75合金激光焊接接头的组织及力学性能

采用10 kW的连续光纤激光器对3 mm厚的Ti75合金板进行激光焊接,通过调整不同的激光功率来获得全熔透的焊接接头.同时,观察了不同热输入下焊接接头的宏观形貌、微观组织,测试了焊接接头的力学性能和显微硬度,对接头不同部位的组织特征及成形原因进行了分析.结果表明,随着焊接过程中激光功率的增加,焊缝的宽度逐渐变大,在不同...     

Effect of the heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium-Mn-steels

ABSTRACT

The heat-treatment (HT) schedule and selected annealing parameters have a substantial effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium-Mn-steels. The structure morphology depends on the fact, whether the austenite-reverted transformation takes place from deformed (one-step HT) or non-deformed (two-step HT) microstructures. Depending on the intercritical annealing temperature, the stability of the retained austenite can be altered to a large extent. As a result, the mechanical properties can be adjusted from high strength with excellent ductility to very high strength with reasonable ductility. The present contribution, therefore, elucidates the dependence of the microstructural characteristics and material behaviour on the HT parameters for medium-Mn alloy compositions with different Mn-contents.

This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Medium Manganese Steels.     

热处理对GH4169激光焊接头组织性能的影响

针对2 mm厚的GH4169镍基合金板材进行激光对焊,研究热处理对GH4169激光焊接头组织和性能的影响。采用线切割方法制备激光焊接头试样,对热处理和非热处理激光焊接头进行拉伸实验、硬度测定、OM分析、SEM分析、EDS分析和XRD相分析。实验结果表明:热处理后接头抗拉强度为1372 MPa,延伸率为14%,焊缝平均硬度为473HV;较未热处理接头强度提高52%,延伸率降低71%,硬度提高69%。OM、SEM、EDS和XRD分析表明:对GH4169激光焊接头热处理能细化焊缝晶粒,改善枝晶形态,消除残余应力,析出δ相、γ′相和γ″相,使得焊接接头硬度和强度有所提高。     

人工时效对激光选区熔化AlMg4.5Sc0.55Mn0.5Zr0.2合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化制备AlMg_4.5Sc_0.55Mn_0.5Zr_0.2合金,研究人工时效工艺参数对合金维氏硬度的影响规律,分析沉积态和优选时效态合金的室温拉伸性能和显微组织。结果表明：人工时效使该合金的维氏硬度由102HV提升至140HV以上。随着时效温度升高（305~335℃）或时效时间延长（1.5~48 h）,维氏硬度呈现先增加、再降低、最后逐渐趋于稳定的规律。在315℃时效3 h或12 h后,合金的室温拉伸性能基本相当,无明显的各向异性;抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到470 MPa和410 MPa,断后伸长率保持在15.0%。力学性能的提升得益于人工时效过程中弥散析出且与基体共格的纳米增强颗粒Al₃（Sc,Zr）。     

热处理对电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔组织和力学性能的影响

电沉积法制备Ni-Fe合金箔具有工艺简单,能耗低,产品规格不受限制等优点,但其塑性和弹性模量较低限制了其应用发展.为了改善电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔的力学性能并扩大其应用范围,本文通过高温热处理方法改善其力学性能,采用SEM,XRD,EBSD分析手段对电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔晶粒组织和结构进行了分析,通过高温热台显微镜进行原位在线观测晶粒组织的演变过程,并对热处理后的电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔进行力学性能分析.研究表明,热处理过程中电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔经历细晶组织阶段、混晶组织阶段和粗晶组织阶段,其中,在1 000~1 050℃容易发生晶粒异常长大.细晶组织阶段,电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔能够保证较高的强度,且塑性和弹性模量明显提高,综合性能较好;混晶组织阶段,强度和塑性较低,弹性模量有一定程度提高;粗晶组织阶段,强度很低,但塑性和弹性模量有较大程度提高.     

电场热处理对1420合金组织与性能的影响

为了提高1420Al-Li合金的强度,研究了电场固溶和时效处理对1420Al-Li合金拉伸性能的影响,并利用透射电子显微镜观察、分析了合金的显微组织.研究表明:在固溶和时效过程中施加电场可以提高合金的强度,而塑性降低不大;合金的强度随电场强度增加而升高,当电场强度超过6kV·cm-1后则有所降低,合金的拉伸性能随电场强度的变化有一最佳值;TEM分析发现,在固溶和时效过程中电场作用可以使δ'相的数量增加、尺寸减小,使合金的亚结构细化,同时使位错密度增加.     

Weldability,microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-welded selective laser melted 304 stainless steel joints

Laser welding is a promising process for joining small components produced by selective laser melting (SLM) to fabricate the large-scale and complex-shaped parts. In the work, the morphology, microstructure, microhardness, tensile properties and corrosion resistance of the laser welded stress-relieved SLMed 304 stainless steel joints are investigated, as the different sections of stress-relieved SLMed 304 stainless steel are joined. Results show that the SLMed 304 stainless steel plates have a good laser weldability. The microstructure of laser-welded joints consists of the cellular dendrites in austenite matrix within columnar grains, exhibiting a coarser dendrite structure, lower microhardness (∼220 HV) and tensile properties (tensile strength of ∼750 MPa, and area reduction of ∼27.6%), but superior corrosion resistance to those of SLMed plates. The dendrite arm spacing of the joints varies from ∼3.7 μm in center zone, to ∼5.0 μm in fusion zone, to ∼2.5 μm in epitaxial zone. The SLMed anisotropy shows a negligible effect on the microstructure and performance of the laser-welded joints. The laser welding along the building directions of the SLMed base plates can induce a slightly finer dendritic structure and higher tensile properties.     

热处理对6005A铝合金激光焊接头组织和性能的影响

高速列车车体轻量化制造的迫切需求,使得铝合金结构在车体制造中得到广泛应用,而铝合金焊接也成为高铁车体制造的关键工艺.本文采用激光填丝焊方法焊接6005A-T6铝合金,并对焊接接头进行了固溶/时效热处理.利用扫描电镜、XRD能谱分析及拉伸实验,对焊后热处理的焊接接头组织及性能进行研究.研究发现,与母材相比,由于焊接接头中...     

Rejuvenation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of a service-exposed IN939 superalloy by heat treatments

Effect of heat treatment on the recovery of microstructure and mechanical properties of a service-exposed IN939 superalloy was studied. Four-stage heat treatment was performed on the service-exposed alloy. The microstructures of the service-exposed and rejuvenated alloys were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopes. The hardness, tension, and stress-rupture tests were carried out to characterise the mechanical properties. The results showed that the heat treatment could rejuvenate the microstructure of the alloy that was deteriorated during the service at high temperatures. Decomposed MC carbides were transformed to new fine carbides, continuous M23C6 carbides were dissolved and new discontinuous carbides along the grain boundaries were regenerated and, finally, the fine γ? particles were reformed. The microstructural recovery resulted in an increase in the hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy. The results also showed that the creep behavior of the alloy at a testing temperature of 850°C could be improved by the heat treatment.     

激光选区熔化成形原位自生TiB2/Al-Si复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

利用激光选区熔化（SLM）技术制备了原位自生TiB₂纳米陶瓷颗粒增强Al-Si基复合材料,并对成形后的TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料进行不同的热处理。通过XRD物相分析、SEM微观组织观察、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）、EDS元素扫描分析和力学拉伸试验等对TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料的微观组织进行观察和力学性能测试。研究表明,在原位自生TiB₂纳米陶瓷颗粒和SLM快速凝固特性的共同作用下,SLM成形的原位自生TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料具有超细晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸为1.1 μm;TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料的力学性能优异,屈服强度为262 MPa,抗拉强度为435 MPa,延伸率为11.88%。对比经不同热处理的TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料,直接时效处理（150℃/12 h）的TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料性能最优,抗拉强度达到488 MPa,提高了53 MPa,延伸率降低至7.2%。     

Effect of selective laser melting on microstructure and properties of AZ91D alloy

Selective laser melting technology is used to manufacture porous and solid AZ91D alloys. The effects of laser power and hatch spacing on the density, blowholes, microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D alloy are studied. The laser power and hatch spacing play a significant role in the density and blowholes of AZ91D specimens. The grains size of specimens increases from 1 μm–2 μm to 8 μm–10 μm from the bottom to the top in single molten pool. Compared with grain size of die‐casting alloy (30 μm), that of selective laser melted gets refinement. There is no significant change in microstructure in the bottom, middle and top of specimens. The micro‐hardness of AZ91D alloy, reaching up to 115.3 HV 0.1, is superior to that of die‐casting alloy (56 HV 0.1). The compression properties of porous and solid specimens reach the degree of die‐casting solid magnesium alloy. AZ91D alloy shows the potential in the application of medical biodegradable materials.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties at high temperature of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

In this study,the microstructure and tensile properties of selective laser melted AlSilOMg at elevated temperature were investigated with focus on the interfacial region.In-situ SEM and in-situ EBSD analysis were proposed to characterize the microstructural evolution with temperature.The as-fabricated AlSilOMg sample presents high tensile strength with the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of~450 MPa and yield strength(YS)of~300 MPa,which results from the mixed strengthening mechanism among grain boundary,solid solution,dislocation and Orowan looping mechanism.When holding at the temperature below 200℃for 30 min,the micro structure presents little change,and only a slight decrement of yield strength appears due to the relief of the residual stress.However,when the holding temperature further increases to 300℃and 400℃,the coarsening and precipitation of Si particles inα-Al matrix occur obviously,which leads to an obvious decrease of solid solution strength.At the same time,matrix softening and the weakness of dislocation strengthening also play important roles.When the holding temperature reaches to 400℃,the yield strength decreases significantly to about 25 MPa which is very similar to the as-cast Al alloy.This might be concluded that the YS is dominated by the matrix materials.Because the softening mechanism counteracts work hardening,the extremely high elongation occurs.