黄土高原旱地春谷吸肥与土壤供肥规律研究

１９９０～１９９２年在山西榆次市对黄土高原旱地春谷吸肥与土壤耕层供肥规律进行了研究。结果表明，土壤耕层氮磷供给能力动态变化遵循倒Ｌｏｇｉｓｔ１０生长曲线方程变化，钾的供给能力动态变化遵循一次方程变化；谷子不同生育时期吸收氮磷钾动态变化遵循Ｌｏｇｉｓｔ１０生长曲线方程变化；谷子一生随着生育进程对氮磷钾的吸收量逐渐增加，土壤氮磷钾供给量则随着谷子吸收量的增加而减少，即供给能力趋于减弱，氮的吸收高峰与土壤供给高峰基本一致，磷的吸收高峰在土壤供给高峰之后，钾的吸收高峰在土壤第一供给高峰期，孕穗至抽穗阶段是谷子吸收氮磷钾的高峰期；从谷子一生来看，吸收氮磷量小于土壤供给量，钾的吸收量大于土壤供给量。通过分析并对榆次市黄土高原区旱地春谷施肥问题提出新见解，即亩产要达到２００ｋｇ以上应重视施用钾肥。     

拔节期钾肥施用量对糯高粱物质生产及氮磷钾积累量的影响

以贵州本地糯高粱红缨子为研究对象,探讨不同钾肥施用量对糯高粱的物质生产和氮、磷、钾积累量的影响。在拔节期设置5个不同的钾肥处理(CK,不施任何肥料;K1,拔节期施入K_2O 75 kg/hm~2作追肥;K2,拔节期施入K_2O 150 kg/hm~2作追肥;K3,拔节期施入K_2O 225 kg/hm~2作追肥;K4,拔节期施入K_2O 300 kg/hm~2作追肥)。结果表明,施用钾肥可显著提高糯高粱植株株高、叶面积、产量、干物质积累量以及氮、磷、钾积累量,而且均会随着施钾量的增多而提高,在K_2O 150 kg/hm~2达到最高,施钾量继续增加,其植株株高、叶面积、产量、干物质积累量以及氮、磷、钾积累量反而减小。在移栽前施入N 75 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 75 kg/hm~2做基肥,在拔节期施入N 75 kg/hm~2、K_2O 150 kg/hm~2做追肥时,为糯高粱施肥的最佳施用方式。     

贵州中部高梁干物质积累与氮磷钾吸收规律

高梁出勒后２５ｄ内干物质积累较少,２５ｄ后积累迅速增加,５０－１００ｄ达到时高峰;高梁对氮磷钾养分吸收高峰在出苗２５－５０ｄ,积累强度分别达氮２．１２ｄｍｇ／株．ｄ,０．８７ｍｇ／株．ｄ和钾１．８４ｍｇ／株．ｄ,５０ｄ以后高梁对吩的吸收逐渐减少。     

陕北干旱山地谷子吸肥规律的研究

【目的】研究延安丘陵沟壑干旱山地上谷子对氮-磷-钾吸收规律;【方法】在谷子不同生育阶段分别取全株样经120℃杀青30 min的处理后,放置于80~85℃烘干箱内烘干至恒重,再将此样品粉碎过筛后再分别测定其干物质的量及其中的氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)的含量,对不同生育阶段谷子对氮磷钾吸收速率及吸收量的测定和对比;【结果】试验研究得出了谷子在干旱丘陵区吸收氮磷钾的速率和吸收量的规律、模式和相关参数;【结论】谷子对氮磷钾的吸收速度一般表现为生长前期缓慢,吸肥量较少,生长中期吸收速度逐渐加快,吸肥量也逐渐增加并达到高峰,但磷的吸收高峰晚于氮和钾,生长后期吸收速度逐渐减弱。吸肥量以氮最多,钾次之,磷最少,吸收比例一般为1∶0. 29∶0. 55。     

桔梗吸肥规律的研究

对三年生桔梗营养生长期农艺性状和大量元素N、P、K的积累动态进行了研究,发现在长春地区桔梗生长旺盛时期为6～9月;桔梗植株体内含N、P量初期较高,中期有所下降但较为平缓,后期略有升高,含K量中期和后期较高,因此人工栽培桔梗需施足底肥,后期可少量追肥.     

氮、磷、钾配施对高粱籽粒淀粉含量的影响

试验运用随机区组设计的方法进行了施肥与淀粉含量关系的研究。结果表明：氮、磷、钾均以中量配施可显著提高总淀粉含量,提高支链/直链淀粉比值;高氮低磷、低氮低钾、中磷中钾配施,有助于支链淀粉含量的增加,却不利于直链淀粉含量的积累。     

高粱耗肥试验研究

通过连续３年对高粱，玉米，谷子三大旱地作物系统比较试验，在中等地力水平上，投入肥料相等同，高粱有显著的增产作用，在等产量下比较，高梁对某种养分有偏好，但总耗肥量不多，未造成地力下降，本研究首次提出，种植高粱只要适当增加偏好肥料的投入量，不仅不会出现“拔地”现象，还可增产。     

食用向日葵氮磷钾肥肥效试验初报

固原市原州区清水河流域是食用向日葵的主栽区。近几年食用向日葵种植面积逐年扩大,现已发展到近1.33万hm^2。通过对食用向日葵施氮、磷、钾肥肥效试验。得出食用向日葵一生中对养分需求最大的还是氮肥,氮、磷、钾配合施用效果更好;氮、磷配合施用优于氮、钾配合;氮、钾配合施用优于磷、钾配合;在原州区北部川水地食用向日葵生产中,在中等肥力土壤,生育期阅最少有两次以上灌水条件的地块．氮、磷、钾都施的处理与施氮、钾的处理选到显著水平．产量达246．04kg／667m^2;与施磷、钾和不施肥处理达到极显著水平。     

不同世代脱毒马铃薯氮磷钾吸收规律的研究

对不同世代脱毒马铃薯不同生长时期的氮、磷、钾吸收量及吸收速率的测定,结果表明,不同世代脱毒马铃薯对氮磷钾的吸收量显著不同,全生育期内以原种对氮磷钾的吸收量最大,商品薯的吸收量最小,原原种、生产种居中。不同世代脱毒马铃薯在幼苗期对氮磷钾的吸收速率差异较小,但在发棵期和块茎膨大期商品薯对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率显著低于其它3个处理,在块茎膨大期其吸收速率分别比原种降低了47.5%、45.8%和44.5%。而原原种、原种和生产种3个处理间在全生育期内差异不显著。     

水稻氮磷钾肥增产效应及当季利用率的探讨

近十年来,红塔区春和镇水稻生产中偏施氮肥、轻施磷钾肥的现象突出,已成为高产的主要限制因素。为提高单产,探索水稻科学施肥方法,通过田间试验和土壤、植株、籽粒养分的室内分析,进一步研究春和镇水稻氮、磷、钾肥的增产效应及养分吸收规律,达到提高肥料利用率、增加经济效益的目的。结果表明：施肥是水稻增产的重要措施,而氮素肥料是春和镇水稻增产的最主要的养分限制因子,其次是钾肥,再次是磷肥;平衡施肥条件下能减少有效氮的损失,同时促进土壤钾素的活化及吸收能力,氮、磷、钾肥的利用率比肥料单一施用分别提高5.6%、3.2%、54.3%。因此,春和镇水稻肥料施用中在保证适量氮肥的前提下,磷、钾肥要合理配比,才能提高肥料利用率,促进水稻增产。     

钾肥施用方式对高粱干物质积累及产量的影响

[目的]检测钾肥施用方式对高粱干物质积累及产量的影响.[方法]以吉杂305号和吉杂87号高粱品种为试验材料,设计4个施钾肥处理(K0:不施钾;K1:基施钾120 kg/hm2;K2:基施钾90 kg/hm2+追施钾30 kg/hm2;K3:基施钾60 kg/hm2+追施钾60 kg/hm2),探讨钾肥施用方式对高粱干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响,以期确定最佳的钾肥施用方式.[结果]施用钾肥可提高高梁植株叶面积、干物质积累量、籽粒淀粉含量、产量及经济系数.2个高粱品种叶面积均表现为K0＜K1＜K2＜K3,经济系数表现为K0＜K3＜K2＜K1,干物质积累量、籽粒淀粉含量、籽粒产量均表现为K0＜K3＜K1＜K2.杂305号K2、K1、K3处理产量分别比K0处理显著提高15.6％、9.3％、8.9％,吉杂87号K2、K1、K3处理产量分别比K0处理显著提高12.5％、8.1％、7.8％.[结论]基施钾90 kg/hm2+追施钾30 kg/hm2为钾肥的最佳施用方式.     

盆栽鸦胆子氮磷钾肥料配方的研究

[目的]为鸦胆子规范化种植的高效合理施肥提供理论依据。[方法]试验采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计,研究氮磷钾施用效果,并筛选适宜的肥料配方。[结果]氮肥对鸦胆子的生长有较大影响,氮、磷、钾肥间无明显的正交互作用。[结论]以鸦胆子植株总生物量干重为指标进行统计分析,得出盆栽鸦胆子氮（N）、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）的最大施用量为0.5~0.7、0.2~0.30、.2~0.3 g/kg。     

免耕条件下川香优9838氮磷钾吸收规律与氮肥合理施用(英文)

The aim of the study is to investigate the absorption laws of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and proper nitrogen application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under no-tillage cultivation. Five nitrogen application treatments were designed to analyze the absorption laws of N,P and K,and to discuss the effects of different N fertilizer application amounts on yield and yield composition factors of Chuanxiangyou 9838. The results showed that gross nutrient absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was greatly varied at different developmental stages under rice-rape rotation with no-tillage. The maximum N absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 appeared at jointing stage followed by heading stage,thirdly the tillering stage; the P absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 presented the consecutively slight increase during seedling stage and mature stage; the K absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was mainly conducted from jointing stage to heading stage,during which K absorption accounts for 73.4% of the total absorption in whole developmental stage. Consequently,N fertilizer should be applied earlier (before jointing stage),P fertilizer is suitable as base fertilizer and application of K fertilizer should be preferably conducted at early-middle period. When the yield reached 11 t/hm2,the optimal N application amount in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was about 165 kg/hm2.     

Study on Absorption Law of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium and Proper Nitrogen Application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under No-tillage Cultivation

The aim of the study is to investigate the absorption laws of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and proper nitrogen application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under no-tillage cultivation. Five nitrogen application treatments were designed to analyze the absorption laws of N,P and K,and to discuss the effects of different N fertilizer application amounts on yield and yield composition factors of Chuanxiangyou 9838. The results showed that gross nutrient absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was greatly varied at different developmental stages under rice-rape rotation with no-tillage. The maximum N absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 appeared at jointing stage followed by heading stage,thirdly the tillering stage; the P absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 presented the consecutively slight increase during seedling stage and mature stage; the K absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was mainly conducted from jointing stage to heading stage,during which K absorption accounts for 73.4% of the total absorption in whole developmental stage. Consequently,N fertilizer should be applied earlier (before jointing stage),P fertilizer is suitable as base fertilizer and application of K fertilizer should be preferably conducted at early-middle period. When the yield reached 11 t/hm2,the optimal N application amount in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was about 165 kg/hm2.     

免耕条件下川香优9838氮磷钾吸收规律与氮肥合理施用

笔者于2005～2006年开展免耕条件下不同施氮量对川香优9838生长及产量形成的影响研究,探讨川香优9838在免耕条件下对N、P2O5、K20的吸收及氮肥的管理技术措施。     

Study on Absorption Law of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and Proper Nitrogen Application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under No-tillage Culti- vation

The aim of the study is to investigate the absorption laws of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and proper nitrogen application in Chuanxian-gyou 9838 under no-tillage cultivation. Five nitrogen application treatments were designed to analyze the absorption laws of N, P and K, and to discuss the effects of different N fertilizer application amounts on yield and yield composition factors of Chuauxiangyou 9838. The results showed that gross nutrient ab-sorption in Chuunxiangyon 9838 was greatly varied at different developmental stages under rice-rape rotation with no-tillage. The maximum N absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 appeared at jointing stage followed by heading stage, thirdly the filleting stage; the P absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 presented the consecutively slight increase during seedling stage and mature stage; the K absorption in Chuanxiangyon 9838 was mainly conducted from jointing stage to heading stage, during which K absorption accounts for 73.4% of the total absorption in whole developmental stage. Consequently, N fertilizer should be applied earlier (before jointing stage), P fertilizer is suitable as base fertilizer and application of K fertilizer should be preferably conducted at esdy-middle period. When the yield reached 11 t/hm2, the optimal N application amount in Chunnxiangyon 9838 was about 165 kg/hm2.     

香蕉氮·磷·钾施肥效应模型探析

[目的]研究香蕉N、P、K肥施用量,为建立香蕉平衡施肥指标体系提供参考依据。[方法]通过对香蕉进行N、P、K肥料＂3414＂试验,并对结果进行肥料效应回归分析,拟合建立产量三元二次、一元二次和二元二次肥料效应回归模型。[结果]适量的N、P、K肥料对香蕉的增产效应明显,过量施肥造成肥料利用率下降,在生产中N、P、K肥宜选择适宜的用量。建议采用一元二次肥料效应模型计算推荐施肥量,试验土壤的香蕉最佳产量为44.193～45.904t/hm2时,对应的N、P2O5、K2O最佳经济施用量分别为795.1、262.3、1236.9kg/hm2,其N、P、K施肥比例为1∶0.33∶1.55。[结论]试验结果可供与试验地（黏壤土）相类似的土壤类型区参考应用。