HUMAN PROTEIN DEFICIENCY—BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS

Plasma essential amino acids and hormones, body albumin pool and turnover of albumin and globulin are sensitive indices of protein malnutrition in children. Phagocytic response and cell-mediated immunity show greater impairment than antibody response in protein-calorie malnutrition. Milk output but not quality is affected by protein deficiency.     

ADRENAL REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN PROTEIN MALNUTRITION

Polysomal profiles of livers of rats made protein-calorie deficient showed an increase in free ribosomes and monomers, with a decrease in polysomes. Intraperitoneal injection of hydrocortisone reversed the process in livers of malnourished rats, but did not affect the polysome profile of well-fed rats. Since the metabolic changes in protein-calorie malnutrition are complex, conclusions should be drawn with caution.     

酶联免疫双抗体法测定血清中视黄醇结合蛋白

本文报告了一种酶联免疫测定人血清视黄醇结合蛋白（ＲＢＰ）含量的方法。以辣根过氧化物酶标记人ＲＢＰ抗血清ＩｇＧ，建立的酶联免疫双抗体法具有较好的灵敏度和稳定性，变异系数在１６％以下，血清样品的测定只需几微升。应用该方法测定了６０例健康成人血清ＲＢＰ含量为４４．９０±１４．００μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｍ±ＳＤ）。测定９例烧伤病人、１８例胆结石和胃病手术患者血清ＲＢＰ水平，均明显低于健康成人的水平。     

锌对仔鼠中枢神经系统胶质酸性纤维蛋白表达的影响

目的　探讨微量元素锌缺乏与胶质酸性纤维蛋白 ( GFAP)表达的关系及锌调节胶质细胞分化的机制。方法　给处于孕期及哺乳期的 ICR母鼠喂饲含不同锌水平饲料 ,采用 West-ern blot技术检测其仔代胚胎、大脑、小脑及肝组织中 GFAP的表达情况 ;同时在穿梭箱内检测成年仔鼠 ( 70日龄 )的学习能力 ;行为实验结束后 ,在仔鼠的海马脑片上进行诱导长时程增强 ( LTP)实验。结果　实验仔鼠小脑在新生期 (出生第 1天 ,P1 )开始表达 GFAP,而大脑在出生后第 5天( P5)才开始有 GFAP印迹出现 :之后至成年小脑及大脑持续表达 GFAP;实验鼠肝组织在发育全过程中均未见有 GFAP印迹。比较各实验组 GFAP表达量为 :P1至 P5期非缺锌组 ( 30 mg/kg及1 0 0 mg/kg) GFAP杂交条带明显强于缺锌组 ( 1 mg/kg及 5mg/kg) ;P1 0至成年期 ,缺锌组 ( 1 mg/kg及 5mg/kg)大脑及小脑 GFAP的杂交条带反而强于非缺锌组 ( 30 mg/kg及 1 0 0 mg/kg) ,其强度与膳食锌呈负依赖关系。行为学检测表明 ,轻度缺锌组 ( 5mg/kg)达到学会标准所需次数明显多于高锌组 ( 1 0 0 mg/kg) ;电生理检测表明 ,轻度缺锌组仔鼠海马脑片上诱导的 LTP明显低于高锌组上所诱导的。结论　补充锌在发育早期可促进神经前体细胞向神经胶质细胞分化及 GFAP表达 ;神经胶质细胞分化     

FUNCTION OF AN INTESTINAL RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN IN THE ESTERIFICATION OF RETINOL

A newly discovered binding protein for retinol, found exclusively in the intestine, facilitates the esterification of the retinol bound to it. The acyl donor is not acyl CoA, but an endogenous acyl group derived from microsomes.     

菏泽地区1998年急性弛缓性麻痹监测分析

[目的]对荷泽地区1998年急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）监测情况进行分析。初步评价该区消灭脊髓炎质炎（脊灰）工作进展,为消柬2灰工作及其验证提供科学依据。[方法]根据菏泽地区脊灰监测中心提供的疫情资料,流行病学个案调查资料,临床诊断和实验室病毒分离结果进行分析。[结果]荷泽地区1998年共报告AFP42例,无脊灰确诊病例,有1例脊灰监床符合病例,有5例临床脊灰（高度怀疑疫苗相关病例）;42例AFP分布于全区的9县市,呈散发,15岁以下儿童非脊灰AFP报告发病率为1．42／10万;AFP病例48h内调查率为94．7％,14d内合格粪便标本采集率为82．3％;从AFP病例及接触者粪便标本中从未分离出脊灰野病毒,而分离出脊灰疫苗病毒和COX（柯萨奇）病毒,ECHO（人肠道细胞病变孤儿病毒）等其他肠道病毒,AFP标本脊灰疫苗病毒和其他肠道病毒阳性率均为15．79％,引起AFP靳原因是多种的。[结论]该区AFP监测及消灭脊灰工作取得了很大进展,但仍有不足之处,加就诊48h内及时报告完成率等仍较低。建议仍应强加AFP监测和诊断,消灭脊灰工作仍需努力。     

邻苯二甲酸二—2—乙基己酯（DEHP）对大鼠睾丸某些酶活性的影响

本文研究了DEHP对大鼠睾丸某些酶活性的影响,以估价DEHP对大鼠生殖器官的毒性。用200、1000和5000mg/kg给雄性大鼠灌胃染毒,于14、21、28和42天后处死。结果表明DEHP能引起大鼠睾丸酶活性增加:G-6-PDH活性随染毒剂量的增加而升高,有明显的剂量-反应关系;LDH和ACP活性在5000mg/kg明显增加,在恢复期2周观察到这些酶活性基本恢复到对照水平。提示,DEHP染毒可影响睾丸酶活性,干扰精子成熟过程,导致生精障碍。     

1995年全国急性弛缓性麻痹及脊髓灰质炎的流行病学分析

１９９５年全国脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）报告发病数为１６８例，分布于１５０个县，发病数分别较ｌ９９３年和１９９４年下降了７４％和４５％。ｌ９９５年仅在云南省发现１例缅甸籍脊灰Ⅰ型野病毒病例，全国木发现本土脊灰野病毒病例。这标志着我国已进入消灭脊灰的后期关键阶段，今后进一步加强监测和免疫仍然是我国消灭脊灰工作的重点。１９９３年以来，我国脊灰发病的季节性高峰逐年消失，脊灰发病的聚集性缩小。而急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例的发病却呈明显的夏秋季高峰，５～１０月的发病数约占全年病例总数的６７％。ＡＦＰ病例监测的敏感性逐年提高，报告范围逐年扩大，ｌ９９３～ｌ９９５年报告ＡＦＰ病例的县分别占全国总县数的刀％、４５％和的％，全国共有２２２６个县（７８％）在３年内至少报告１例ＡＦＰ病例，约覆盖总人口的８７％，另有６１１个县（２２％）连续３年未报告ＡＦＰ病例，表明我国部分地区的监测工作还存在薄弱环节。１９９４年和１９９５年ＡＦＰ病例口服脊灰疫苗（ＯＰＶ）≥３次的接种率高峰均集中于２～６岁，且均＞８０％，但是＜１岁儿童始终是历年含未免疫儿童数最多的高危人群，ｌ９９５年全国约有６ｌ％＜ｌ岁的儿童服苗≤２次。     

多氯联苯、苯并(a)芘及其联合作用对人胚肺细胞热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的 研究多氯联苯1254(Aroclor 1254)、苯并(a)芘(BaP)及其联合作用下人胚肺(HEL)二倍体细胞热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的表达规律及其可能的意义.方法 培养HEL细胞,作如下处理:Aroclor 1254处理组:细胞接受不同剂量Aroclor 1254(6.25、12.50、25.00、50.00 μmol/L)处理24 h;Aroclor 1254 BaP联合作用组:细胞先按Aroclor 1254处理组方案预处理,24 h后37℃恢复1 h,再以50 μmol/L BaP染毒2 h;同时设立苯并(a)芘(50 μmol/L,染毒2 h)和DMSO(10 mL/L)分别作为阳性对照组和溶剂对照组.利用免疫印迹方法(Western-blot)检测HEL细胞中HSP70、β-actin的表达水平,采用灰度比(HSP70/β-actin)定量分析.结果 Aroclor 1254处理组,不同浓度多氯联苯1254(6.25、12.50、25.00、50.00 μmol/L)处理后,灰度比分别为0.98±0.05、0.97±0.09、0.99±0.06、0.95±0.08,与溶剂对照组(0.99±0.05)及阳性对照组(1.01±0.06)相比无明显变化(P＞0.05);联合作用组,灰度比随多氯联苯1254浓度的增加而逐渐下调,分别为0.89±0.03、0.83±0.02、0.81±0.05、0.72±0.03,与溶剂对照组及阳性对照组相比均明显下调(P＜0.05).结论 HSP70表达下降可能与多氯联苯1254增强BaP代谢活化产物的遗传毒性作用有关.     

固相萃取-气相色谱法检测蔬菜中17种残留的有机磷农药

目的：建立固相萃取-气相色谱法测定蔬菜水果中17种有机磷农药残留量的分析方法。方法：蔬菜水果捣碎经乙腈提取,盐析,浓缩,CARB/NH2柱净化,丙酮溶解定容,用AT-1701中性毛细管柱和FPD检测器测定。结果：相关系数为0.9965-0.9993,17种有机磷农药回收率加标1.0 mg/kg时,为80.5%～98.2%之间,加标10.0 mg/kg时,为90.1%～99.7%之间,变异系数RSD,加标1.0 mg/kg时,为1.75%～6.12%之间,加标10.0 mg/kg时,为2.19%～5.82%之间。结论：实验结果表明,在选定的色谱条件下,采用固相萃取-气相色谱法对蔬菜中17种有机磷农药残留量进行测定。本法线性范围宽,线性良好,重现性强,回收率很高,能满足有机磷农药残留量测定,完全能够达到国家标准方法的要求。     

Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General (FACT-G) in French cancer patients

This report describes the reliability and validity of a French version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G) with a French sample of 493 cancer patients. The FACT-G consists of 27 items and four subscales: Physical (PWB), Functional (FWB), Social/Family (SFWB) and Emotional well-being (EWB). The study sample includes 64% with localized disease, 26% with metastases, 11% in remission, and 71% receiving radiation/chemotherapy. Internal consistency Cronbach alphas of the global FACT-G scale (0.90) and subscales (>0.75) are satisfactory (n =126). Test-retest reproducibility is satisfactory for all subscales and the global scale (n =87 to 93, r=0.74 to 0.90). ANOVA models show that PWB differentiated between the three disease stages; the global FACT-G and FWB discriminated between patients with metastases and others with localized disease or in remission; EWB only discriminated between metastases and localized disease; while SFWB did not discriminate between groups at different stages of cancer. Only the PWB subscale discriminated between patients with no history from those receiving chemotherapy (p 0.05). None of the scales discriminated between groups based on radiotherapy. These results may be useful in the design and interpretation of clinical trials involving French patients when the FACT-G is the outcome measure.     

热休克蛋白70的表达在苯并[a]芘致DNA损伤中的作用

目的　探讨苯并 [a]芘 (BaP)作用下人肺腺癌A5 4 9细胞热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70 )表达改变及其在DNA损伤中的作用。方法　离体培养A5 4 9细胞 ,以不同浓度的BaP(0、1.2 5、2 .5 0、5 .0 0、10 .0 0μmol L)染毒 6h或 10 μmol L的BaP染毒不同时间 (0、4、8、12、16、2 4、4 8h) ;分别以Western blot和单细胞凝胶电泳方法检测细胞HSP70表达和DNA损伤情况 ;并进一步分析HSP70表达和DNA损伤之间的关系。结果　 1.2 5、2 .5 0、5 .0 0、10 .0 0 μmol L的BaP作用 6h时 ,A5 4 9的HSP70积分光密度分别为4 9.6 3± 1.30、4 5 .72± 1.0 3、4 0 .5 3± 0 .95、37.5 0± 1.2 0 ,均低于对照组 (5 9.4 3± 1.17) ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;10 μmol L的BaP作用 4、8、12、16h时 ,HSP70的积分光密度分别为 33.33± 0 .80、2 9.2 3± 0 .91、12 .5 1± 0 .96、9.5 0± 1.2 5 ,而在 2 4、4 8h时 ,HSP70的积分光密度分别为 2 0 .0 6± 1.38、2 4 .5 1± 1.39,与对照组 (5 6 .5 9± 0 .85 )比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。 1.2 5、2 .5 0、5 .0 0、10 .0 0 μmol L的BaP作用 6h时 ,在 10 6 个细胞中 ,DNA损伤积分分别为 10 0 82± 75 80、2 3718± 2 938、30 12 8± 2 937、4 4 2 31± 384 6 ,其中 2 .5 0～ 10 .     

牛磺酸抑制二甲基苯蒽诱发大鼠乳腺癌及其机制研究

目的观察牛磺酸(Tau)对二甲基苯蒽(DMBA)诱发大鼠乳腺癌的影响及其机制。方法7w龄雌性Wistar大鼠分为A、B、C(饮水中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%Tau)、D(正常对照组)和E(肿瘤对照组)5组。A、B、C、E组皮下一次注射DMBA10mg/100gbw;D组注射等量溶剂。实验期18w,观察体重(BW)、生长发育及肿瘤发生情况。实验结束时处死全部动物,剥离肿瘤组织及脏器,检测血清抗氧化指标、DNA损伤代谢产物及免疫学指标。结果三组肿瘤发生率A(53.33%)、B(46.67%)、C(40.40%)逐渐降低,其中C组明显低于E组(82.35%)。肿瘤潜伏期以E组最短,A、B和C组较长。平均瘤重和瘤体比:B和C组明显低于E组。与D组比,各组动物脾脏脏体比A组稍高,胸腺脏体比E组最小,与B、C、D组差别显著。C组血淋巴细胞增殖率高于E组,脾淋巴细胞增殖指数A组高于D和E组。与E组比,A、B、C和D组的血清SOD活力明显升高,MDA生成有所降低,而GSH-Px活力差别不明显。A、B、C和D组的血浆O6-甲基鸟嘌呤含量较E组明显降低。结论牛磺酸对大鼠诱发乳癌的发生和生长有较明显的抑制作用,是通过增强机体免疫、抗氧化作用、增强DNA损伤修复、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖等多种途径实现的。     

灰色模型在血吸虫病感染率预测中的应用

[目的]探讨灰色GM(1,1)模型在血吸虫病人群感染率预测中的应用。[方法]资料来自于四川省西昌市川兴监测点2000～2005年连续6年血吸虫病监测数据,采用灰色GM(1,1)模型对该资料进行拟合,确定GM(1,1)预测模型,并对今后3年血吸虫病感染率进行预测。[结果]人群感染率预测模型为X(1)(i 1)=-54.4781e-0.37524i 84.4281,连续3年预测值分别为2.61%,1.79%和1.23%。[结论]GM(1,1)模型可以用于血吸虫病感染率的预测,为合理分配卫生资源提供决策依据。     

青海省2009年甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征分析

[目的]通过对青海省2009年甲型H1N1流感进行疫情资料的分析,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。[方法]运用描述流行病学方法描述甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征,采用Excel软件进行统计分析。[结果]青海省2009年共报告甲型H1N1流感2109例,死亡7例,发病率为38.05/10万,死亡率为0.13/10万,病死率为0.33%;发病率居甲、乙类传染病第3位。病例主要集中在人口比较集中的西宁市和海东地区;发病高峰期在9～10月份,占全年甲型H1N1流感发病数的86.11%;发病年龄以8～24岁组青少年为主,占总病例数的80.56%;男性发病率显著高于女性,男、女性别发病数之比为1.68︰1。[结论]2009年甲型H1N1流感发病率较高,发病以8～24岁青少年为主,职业主要以学生为主,防治的重点应放在人口比较密集的场所,学生为甲型H1N1流感发病的高危人群。接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗是预防和控制甲型H1N1流感的重要措施之一。     

体外氯磷定等对氨基甲酰化乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的影响

目的∶观察２－ＰＡＭ·Ｃｌ、ＬüＨ６、ＴＭＢ４、ＨＩ－６四种肟类药物分别对三种氨基甲酰化酶自动重活化过程的体外作用。方法∶以小鼠红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶为酶源，吡啶斯的明、毒扁豆碱、灭多威为酶抑制剂，改进微量ＤＴＮＢ法测量胆碱酯酶活力。结果：在高浓度条件下，四种肟类药物对三种氨基甲酰化酶的自动重活化过程几乎都有不同程度的促进作用，而当浓度下降时，这种促进作用逐渐减弱，甚至出现抑制作用；其中双吡啶肟作用优于单吡啶肟，而双吡啶肟两个吡啶环之间的连接基团及肟基数目不同对不同的氨基甲酰化酶的作用效果也不同。结论∶认为氨基甲酸酯类化合物中毒时肟类药物的应用不应绝对禁止。     

Olfactory Function in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Is Associated with Their Body Mass Index and Polymorphism in the Odor Binding-Protein (OBPIIa) Gene

Smell strongly contributes to food choice and intake, influencing energy balance and body weight; its reduction or loss has been related to malnutrition problems. Some patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are underweight, while others are overweight. Some studies suggest that changes in eating habits could be linked to specific disorders of the olfactory functions. We assessed the olfactory performance in 199 subjects (healthy control (HC) n = 99, IBD n = 100), based on the olfactory Threshold, Discrimination and Identification score (TDI score), measured with the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test. Subjects were genotyped for the rs2590498 polymorphism of the OBPIIa gene. IBD patients showed both a slightly, but significantly, lower olfactory function and a higher BMI compared to HC subjects. Threshold (in both population) and Discrimination (in IBD patients) olfactory score were affected by the OBPIIa genotype. BMI was influenced by both health status and OBPIIa genotype. A lower olfactory function may delay the satiety sensation and thus increase meal duration and body weight in IBD patients. However, the AA genotype of the OBPIIa seems to “protect” IBD patients from more severe olfactory dysfunction.     

酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPP）对大鼠钙吸收利用的影响

酪蛋白磷酸肽（ＣＰＰ）是从牛奶中提取出的一种多肽制品，在中性和弱碱性的环境下可提高钙的溶解度和钙溶液的稳定性。将ＣＰＰ按０．５％和０．２％浓度分别加入大鼠基础饲料和低钙饲料中，并设一组含５％脱脂奶粉为阳性对照。每组１０只断乳大鼠，进行四周生长试验和三天代谢试验。结果表明，基础饲料添加０．５％ＣＰＰ组的大鼠钙吸收率和钙储留率比对照组升高６％左右，差别有显著性意义。低钙饲料添加０．２％ＣＰＰ亦使钙吸收率和储留率增加５％～６％，差别有非常显著的意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。奶粉的钙吸收率和利用率在各组中最高。ＣＰＰ作为促进钙吸收利用的食品添加剂有进一步研究应用的前景。     

Validity, reliability and acceptability of the Imperial Nutritional Screening System (INSYST): a tool that does not require the body mass index

Background: Nutritional screening tools are central to identifying malnourished patients, but their efficacy is often reduced as a result of difficulties in obtaining height for body mass index (BMI) calculations. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability and acceptability of the Imperial Nutritional Screening System (INSYST); a tool that does not require the BMI. Methods: Patients were screened by the researcher within 72 h of admission using INSYST I & II, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), including taking height and weight. Routine INSYST data, completed by nursing staff, were subsequently collected. At risk and malnourished patients were combined for statistical analysis. Inter‐tool and inter‐rater agreement (kappa, κ) was evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Nurses were timed using INSYST. Acceptability, including ease and speed of use, was evaluated. Results: Kappa (agreement) scores (all P < 0.001) were substantial for INSYST I versus MUST and MNA (κ = 0.73 and κ = 0.76, respectively) and moderate for INSYST II (both κ = 0.53). The sensitivity of INSYST I and II was high (95–100%), whereas specificity was lower (65–83%). The agreement between dietitian and nurse for INSYST I was substantial κ = 0.77 and that for INSYST II was fair κ = 0.39 (both P ≤ 0.001). There was little disagreement for INSYST I, although nurses tended to underestimate malnutrition risk when using INSYST II. INSYST I took a median of 60 s to complete, INSYST II took 102 s and weighing took 100 s, giving a total time of approximately 5 min. Likert scales showed that the majority of nurses scored INSYST as being fast and easy to use. Conclusions: INSYST has shown promising levels of concurrent validity (versus MUST and MNA), inter‐rater reliability and acceptability, suggesting that BMI (and therefore height) is unnecessary for identifying malnourished patients.