鼻咽癌局部复发或残留患者挽救手术进路的选择

目的 根据鼻咽癌局部复发和残留累及的部位和范围,选择不同手术进路切除肿瘤,观察治疗效果、并发症,并观察其预后.方法 回顾性分析从1991年3月至2005年1月因首次治疗失败、手术挽救治疗的鼻咽癌患者37例,男23例,女14例;年龄26～57岁,中位年龄46.5岁.Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期10例,Ⅲ期14例,Ⅳ期9例.5例患者颈部淋巴结复发.37例患者经活检证实为鼻咽癌复发和残留.行鼻内镜手术8例,硬腭进路12例,上颌骨外翻进路5例,上颌骨外翻进路+翼点入路4例,鼻侧切+冠状切口双额开颅进路2例,面中部切口鼻锥体翻转进路6例.其中5例同时行颈淋巴清扫术.31例术后2周放疗60 Gy,其中放疗同期化疗15例;6例切缘组织为阴性者未予放疗及化疗.中位随访时间45个月(12～72个月).Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率.结果91.8%(34/37)患者复发肿瘤完全切除,次全切除8.2%(3/37).手术并发症发生率24.3%(9/37).总的3年和5年无瘤生存率分别为62.1%和43.3%.总的3年和5年生存率分别为72.9%和51.3%.Ⅰ～Ⅳ期复发患者的5年无瘤生存率分别为100%、40%、28%和1l%(χ2=10.0,P＜0.01＝,5年累积生存率为100%、70%、35%和28%(χ2=11.5,P＜0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论鼻咽癌复发手术挽救治疗是可行的.根据鼻咽癌复发灶具体部位和范围,采用一种手术进路方法或加以改良,或联合神经外科进路,术中使肿瘤充分暴露,可以安全切除病变,挽救局部复发晚期鼻咽癌患者.

Abstract：

Objective The choice of surgical approaches for salvage surgery based on the location and invasion of recurrent and residual lesions of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),surgical results,complications,and survival were assessed.Methods Thirty-seven cases with recurrent and residual lesions of NPC underwent salvage surgery between March 1991 and January 2005 were analysed retrospectively.Of 37 patients,23 were men and 14 women,with a median age of 46.5 years (26 -57 years) ;4 were at stage Ⅰ,10 at stage Ⅱ,14 at stage Ⅲ,and 9 at stage Ⅳ; 5 cases were with cervical metastasis,including 3 cases of N1 and 2 cases N2.All recurrent and residual lesions of NPC were determined by biopsy.On the location and invasion of recurrent and residual lesions of NPC,8 cases underwent endoscopic resection of lesions,12 cases of the palate nasopharyngectomy,5 cases of maxillary swing,4 cases of maxillary swing plus preronal approach,2 cases of lateral rhinotomy plus coronalflap approach,and 6 cases transfacial plus nasal pyramid swing approach.Five cases with cervical metastasis received neck dissection in addition to the operations for recurrent and residual lesions of NPC. Postoperatively 31 cases received radiotherapy with dosage of 60 Gy,among them 15 cases with concurrent chemoradiation therapy,and 6 cases with clear surgical margin did not received radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The cases were followed up for 12 - 72 months,with a median of 45 months.Results Total resection for the recurrent and residual lesions of NPC acounted for 91.8% (34/37) and subtotal resection for 8.2% (3/37). The accidence of perioperative complications was 24.3% (9/37). The 3- and 5-year overall disease-free survival rates (DFSR) were 62.1% and 43.3%,respectively. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates (OSR) were 72.9% and 51.3%,respectively.The 5 year DFSR of cases at stage Ⅰ - Ⅳ were 100%,40%,28% and 11% (χ2 =10.0,P ＜0.01＝,respectively.The 5 year OSR were 100%,70%,35% and 28% (χ2 = 11.5,P ＜0.01),respectively.Conclusions Salvage surgery is a justified treatment for the recurren and residual lesions of NPC,by which some patients with recurren and residual lesions of NPC can be salvaged.     

影像导航辅助鼻内镜下筛窦骨瘤切除术

目的 探讨影像导航辅助鼻内镜下切除筛窦骨瘤的微创治疗技术.方法 回顾性分析烟台毓璜顶医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2005年4月至2009年10月筛窦骨瘤患者19例,其中男15例,女4例;年龄14～67岁,中位数37岁.术前行16排CT扫描并行三维重建,全部病例采用影像导航鼻内镜下手术切除治疗.结果 19例患者均在影像导航鼻内镜下成功切除了骨瘤,其中1例联合眉弓切口,1例联合唇龈切口切除肿瘤,余17例全部通过鼻腔切除.肿瘤直径≤2 cm且局限于筛窦的5例患者在影像导航鼻内镜下直接切除骨瘤;肿瘤直径＞2 cm且基底部较窄的2例患者在影像导航引导下切断蒂部,将肿瘤推人口腔取出;肿瘤基底部宽,与前中颅底、纸样板、眶尖、视神经管、眼眶骨质等部分或广泛相连、融合的12例患者在影像导航引导下采用虫蚀样电钻逐渐磨除肿瘤.所有病例术后随访8～64个月,全部病例术后头痛、鼻塞、流脓涕、面部不适等症状逐渐消失;1例复视患者术后1个月复视逐渐消失;2例面部隆起者,1例术后消失,1例好转.2例同时做了鸡冠切除,术后嗅觉丧失,分别随访9个月和26个月嗅觉未恢复;1例切除鸡冠者术后出现脑脊液鼻漏,行2次鼻内镜下修复手术后痊愈.结论 影像导航鼻内镜下手术适用于中线生长和局限于筛窦内的骨瘤,该术式切除准确、安全、微创,CT扫描是术前评估及制定正确治疗方案的保障.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the minimally-invasive ablation of osteomas of the ethmoid sinuses endonasally.Methods A retrospective analysis was done in 19 patients (15 male,4 female,aged between 14 - 67,medium 37) diagnosed as osteomas of ethmoid sinuses hospitalized from April 2005 to Ocotober 2009.All patients underwent sixteen-detector row computed tomography scan and 3D reconstruction preoperatively.All underwent operation with the help of navigation system and nasal endoscope.Results The ethmoid osteoma in all 19 patients was removed successfully with endoscope and navigation system.Two open procedures(1 through superciliary arch incision and 1 through labiogingival incision) were performed to assist the removal of the tumor,17 tumors were removed under endoscopic and navigation guidance. In 5 patients whose osteoma was localized or with the diameter no more than 2 cm,these osteomas were removed endonasally with the help of navigation system.The osteomas in 2 patients was found to have narrow basilar part and relatively dissociative were removed from oral cavity after abscising the basilar part.The osteomas in 12 patients were found to have basilar part connected with ante-meso skull base,lamina papyracea,orbital apex,cranalis opticus,fossa orbitalis bone,these osteomas were removed using electric drill with the guidance of navigation system.All patients were followed up from 8 to 64 months,and were asymptomatic (1 patient who suffered from ambiopia had the sysmptom disappered,2 patients suffered from prosopo-eminencce,1 patient was asymptomatic and 1 patient was feeling better).Two patients underwent removal of crista galli,1 of them suffered from postoperative cerebro-spinal rhinorrhea,and recovered after endoscopic repairing procedure and iodoform gauze packing and recovered 15 days later.Two patients who underwent removal of crista galli suffered from anodmia and never recovered after 9 and 26 months follow-up.One patient with enormous osteoma suffered from repeated crusting and abnomal odor,and recovered after nasal flushing.Conclusions Endoscopic ablation of osteomas of the ethmoid sinuses with the guidance of navigation system is an accurate,secure,minimally-invasive procedure. Osteomas on median line and localized in ethmoid sinus is an indication of this operation.Preoperative CT scan is a safeguard for an accurate operation.     

鼻内镜下108例鼻腔扩容术疗效分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜下鼻腔扩容术的疗效.方法 选择108例鼻中隔偏曲和慢性肥厚性鼻炎患者,根据具体病情分别行个性化手术,如鼻中隔偏曲行鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术或三线减张鼻中隔矫正术;慢性肥厚性鼻炎行鼻内镜下下鼻甲外移术酌情联合下鼻甲等离子消融术或下鼻甲黏膜下切除术及下鼻甲部分切除术等.结果 术后随访3～12个月,有效率为97.2%,患者无头痛,鼻干等并发症发生.结论 鼻内镜下鼻腔扩容术处理鼻中隔偏曲和慢性鼻炎疗效确实.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic nasal cavity enlarging surgery for the alleviation of nasal obstruction.Methods One hundred and eight patients with deviation of the nasal septum ( DNS) and chronic hypertrophic rhinitis ( CHR) were included in this study.Individualized operations were performed.DNS patients were treated by three line tension relaxing correction or nasal septum plasty.CHR patients were treated by inferior turbinate outfracture in combination with plasma radiofrequency ablation for reducing the volume of nasal soft tissue,sub-mucoperiosteal partial resection of the inferior turbinate or partial inferior turbinectomy.Results All patients were followed for 3-12 months after surgry with an effective improvement in 97.2%.Symptoms of headache or complications of rhinitis sicca were not found.Conclusions Being careful to keep the physiological function of nasal mucosa,the integrity of the nasal septum,appropriate expansion of the nasal cavity volume,and restore ventilation with bilateral symmetry of the nasal cavity,satisfactory relief of nasal obstruction can be achieved.     

内镜下带血管蒂鼻中隔黏骨膜瓣修复颅底缺损

目的 探讨内镜下应用带血管蒂的鼻中隔黏骨膜瓣修复颅底硬膜缺损的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年7月至2010年3月间收治的8例应用带血管蒂的鼻中隔黏骨膜瓣鼻内镜下修复术后颅底硬膜缺损及创伤性脑脊液鼻漏患者的临床资料及随访结果.8例患者均为男性,年龄28～60岁,平均年龄41岁.其中前颅底血管外皮瘤1例、嗅神经母细胞瘤1例(Kadish C型)、筛窦癌1例、鼻咽癌放疗后局部复发3例、颅底类癌1例、脑脊液鼻漏伴反复颅内感染1例.其中前颅底缺损6例,中颅底缺损2例.手术采用内镜经鼻入路,直视下获取以鼻后动脉为蒂的一侧鼻中隔黏骨膜瓣.组织瓣覆盖硬膜缺损后,周缘敷以明胶海绵,并用生物蛋白胶固定,鼻内以碘仿纱条、水囊及膨胀海绵支撑.术后5～7 d撤除全部鼻内支撑物.结果 1例鼻中隔瓣部分坏死,其余7例鼻中隔瓣全部成活.1例术后7 d有脑脊液鼻漏,再次手术探查以腹部脂肪封堵漏口成功,术后随访6～24个月,颅底组织愈合良好,无延迟性脑脊液漏及颅内感染发生.结论 内镜经鼻入路采用带血管蒂鼻中隔黏骨膜瓣修复颅底硬膜缺损是一种可靠的颅底重建方法.

Abstract：

Objective To introduce a method and the clinical effects of repairing skull base defects and dural defects using vascular pedicled nasoseptal mucoperiosteal flaps through an endoscopic endonasal approach. Methods The clinical and follow-up data for 8 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal reconstruction of skull base defects and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with a vascular pedicled nasoseptal mucoperiosteal flap between July 2008 and March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were male. The age of these patients ranged from 28 to 60 years (average 41 years). The diagnosis for these patients included one hemoangiopericytoma of the anterior skull base one olfactory neuroblastoma (type of Kadish C) , one ethmoid sinus cancer, three local recurrent cancers of the nasopharynx after radiotherapy,one carcinoid of skull base and one traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with recurrent intracranial infection. There were six anterior skull base defects and two middle cranial fossa defects. An endoscopic endonasal surgical approach was used for the repair. A pedicled flap using the nasal septal mucoperiosteum based on the posterior nasal artery was harvested from the ipsilateral side. The tissue flap was used to cover the dural defects. The margin was covered with gelatin sponge and fixed with fibrin glue. The nasal cavity was packed with iodoform gauze, a Foley catheter balloon and Merocel in this sequence to secure the flap in place. Nasal packing was removed 5 to 7 days postoperatively. Results Partial septal flap necrosis was found in one case, but the flaps in the other 7 cases survived. A postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in one case 7 days after surgery. This was re-explored and successfully repaired with abdominal fat.All cases healed well, with no delayed cerebrospinal fluid leaks or intracranial infections during the 6 to 24 months follow-up period. Conclusion The vascular pedicled nasoseptal mucoperiosteal flap is a reliable choice for endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction.     

鼻腔筛窦鳞状细胞癌146例治疗分析

Objective To evaluate the treatment outcome of different therapeutic modalities for squamous cell cacinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus and prognostic factors. Methods One hundred and forty-six cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus treated from 1990 to 2007 were reviewed. Of the 146 cases,28 were at stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ ;46 stage Ⅲ ;72 stage Ⅳ. Forty-one patients were treated with preoperative radiation plus surgery( R + S) ,22 patients with surgery plus postoperative radiation ( S + R), 5 patients with surgery alone ( SA ), 78 patients with radiotherapy alone (RA). Results The overall 5 year survival rate of 146 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus was 49. 1%. The 5 year survival rate of the patients at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 95. 7% ,while the rate was 59. 8% in the patients at stage Ⅲ and 28. 2% in the patients at stage Ⅳ ( x2 = 24. 15, P < 0. 05). The 5 year survival rate was 57.7% in R+S group,60.4% in S+R group, 100% in SA group,and 38.8% in RA group,respectively(P >0. 05). The 5 years survival rate of N + patients was lower than that of NO( x2 = 12. 326,P < 0. 05). Local recurrence and distant metastasis were main causes of death. Cox analysis showed TNM stage and differentiation of tumor were independent significant prognostic factors. Conclusions The higher survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus was obtained from combined therapy R + S or S + R. SA gave ideal results for early lesions(stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ ).     

Square wave manoeuvre for apogeotropic variant of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in neck restricted patients

Objective:We aimed to describe the clinical features of the apogeotropic variant of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(HC BPPV-AG)in a cluster of patients with restrictive neck movement disorders and a new therapeutic manoeuvre for its management.Methods:In a retrospective review of cases from an ambulatory tertiary referral center,patients with HC BPPV-AG in combination with neck movement restriction that prevented any classical manual repositioning procedure or who were refractory to canalith repositioning manoeuvres,were treated with a new manoeuvre comprised of sequential square-wave pattern of head and body supine rotations while nystagmus was being monitored,until either an apogeotropic to geotropic conversion or resolution of the nystagmus was observed.Results:Fifteen patients were studied.All but one[14/15 cases]showed a positive therapeutic response to the repositioning procedure in a single session.In two cases,a direct relief of vertigo and elimination of nystagmus was observed without an intermediate geotropic phase.Although in three patients the affected ear was not initially identified,it was ultimately identified and successfully treated by the square wave manoeuvre in all of them.Conclusions:The square-wave manoeuvre is an alternative for HC BPPV-AG treatment in either cases with neck restriction,where the affected side is not well identified at the bedside or when other manoeuvres fail to resolve the HC BPPV-AG.     

鼻腔筛窦鳞状细胞癌146例治疗分析

Objective To evaluate the treatment outcome of different therapeutic modalities for squamous cell cacinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus and prognostic factors. Methods One hundred and forty-six cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus treated from 1990 to 2007 were reviewed. Of the 146 cases,28 were at stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ ;46 stage Ⅲ ;72 stage Ⅳ. Forty-one patients were treated with preoperative radiation plus surgery( R + S) ,22 patients with surgery plus postoperative radiation ( S + R), 5 patients with surgery alone ( SA ), 78 patients with radiotherapy alone (RA). Results The overall 5 year survival rate of 146 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus was 49. 1%. The 5 year survival rate of the patients at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 95. 7% ,while the rate was 59. 8% in the patients at stage Ⅲ and 28. 2% in the patients at stage Ⅳ ( x2 = 24. 15, P < 0. 05). The 5 year survival rate was 57.7% in R+S group,60.4% in S+R group, 100% in SA group,and 38.8% in RA group,respectively(P >0. 05). The 5 years survival rate of N + patients was lower than that of NO( x2 = 12. 326,P < 0. 05). Local recurrence and distant metastasis were main causes of death. Cox analysis showed TNM stage and differentiation of tumor were independent significant prognostic factors. Conclusions The higher survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus was obtained from combined therapy R + S or S + R. SA gave ideal results for early lesions(stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ ).     

上颌窦鳞状细胞癌60例临床分析

Objective To study the clinical characters, treatment modalities and prognosis of patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 60 patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma treatment between January 1994 and December 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were treated with three therapy modalities including radiotherapy alone(22 cases) ,radiotheraphy and surgery( R +S, 29 cases)and concurrent chemo-radio-therapy adjuvant surgery (CCR + S, 9 cases).Results The five year survival rate were 18.2%, 51.7% and 33.3% for patients in the radiotherapy alone group, the R + S group and the CCR + S group, respectively. Patients receiving R + S combined modality therapy had a significantly higher five year survival rate than the patients who were treated radiotherapy alone ( λ2 = 15.62, P <0.01 ). The five year survival rate(51.7% ) of patients in R + S group was significantly higher than that (33. 3% ) of patients in CCR + S group ( λ2 = 4. 28, P < 0.05 ), and also higher than that ( 18. 2% ) of patients in radiotherapy group( λ2 =9.49 ,P <0. 01 ). Conclusions The combined therapy of radiation and surgery was a good choice of treatment for the patients with maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. The role of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy adjuvant surgery in the treatment of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma needs further to research.     

上颌窦鳞状细胞癌60例临床分析

Objective To study the clinical characters, treatment modalities and prognosis of patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 60 patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma treatment between January 1994 and December 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were treated with three therapy modalities including radiotherapy alone(22 cases) ,radiotheraphy and surgery( R +S, 29 cases)and concurrent chemo-radio-therapy adjuvant surgery (CCR + S, 9 cases).Results The five year survival rate were 18.2%, 51.7% and 33.3% for patients in the radiotherapy alone group, the R + S group and the CCR + S group, respectively. Patients receiving R + S combined modality therapy had a significantly higher five year survival rate than the patients who were treated radiotherapy alone ( λ2 = 15.62, P <0.01 ). The five year survival rate(51.7% ) of patients in R + S group was significantly higher than that (33. 3% ) of patients in CCR + S group ( λ2 = 4. 28, P < 0.05 ), and also higher than that ( 18. 2% ) of patients in radiotherapy group( λ2 =9.49 ,P <0. 01 ). Conclusions The combined therapy of radiation and surgery was a good choice of treatment for the patients with maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. The role of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy adjuvant surgery in the treatment of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma needs further to research.     

congenital cholesteatoma of the middle ear-a report of 10 cases

Objectives To study clinical, imaging features and treatment outcomes of congenital cholesteatoma of middle ear (CCME). Methods This is a retrospective review of 10 CCME cases selected from 952 cholesteatoma cases treated between January 1995 and December 2005 at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital. The main outcome measures were the site of origin, clinical features, surgical findings, imaging characteristics and hearing results. Results The mean age of the 10 patients was 16 years(ranged from 10 to 24 years), with 6 being older than 18 years. There were 7 males and 3 females. The average delay to diagnosis was longer than 2 years. The mean preoperative PTA was 55 dB HL, with a mean ABG of 45 dB. Typical cholesteatomas were seen behind the tympanic membrane in the superoposterior quadrant on otoscopy only in 2 patients. High resolution CT was completed in all patients. Most of the patients(8/10) were diagnosed with otosclerosis or ossicular abnormality before operation. All patients underwent a one-stage tympanoplasty following transmeatal explorative tympanotomy and complete cholesteatoma removal, except one, who underwent a CWU mastoidectomy due to extensive cholesteatoma involvement. The choleasteatoma lesion was confined to the superoposterior mesotympanum in all patients. The mean postoperative PTA was 20 dB HL. All patients were followed-up for at least 1.5 years postoperatively. Revision procedures were performed in 2 patients for hearing deterioration. No residual or recurrence of cholesteatoma was found. Conclusion CCME is a rare disease that often gets delayed diagnosis. Residual lesions and the prognosis mainly depend on the extent of the lesion.     

鼻内镜或鼻内镜辅助下鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤切除术的初步分析

目的：探讨鼻内镜或鼻内镜辅助下切除鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤的可行性和疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院收治的40例鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。病理类型为内翻性乳头状瘤恶变5例,上颌窦癌2例,筛窦癌3例,恶性黑色素瘤11例,嗅神经母细胞瘤7例,神经内分泌癌2例,肌上皮癌4例,鼻腔软骨肉瘤2例,腺样囊性癌3例,恶性血管外皮细胞瘤1例。所有患者均行鼻内镜或鼻内镜辅助下肿瘤切除术,其中32例术后采用放化疗。结果：所有患者随访1～5年,其中22例随访1～3年,随访3年以上者18例。4例患者术后6个月～2年症状复发,再次行鼻内镜手术后疗效满意;3例术后出现颈淋巴结转移,其中2例行颈淋巴结清扫术,1例因无手术指征而行放、化疗;4例出现远处转移;8例死亡;其余21例在随访期间未见复发及转移。结论：鼻内镜或鼻内镜辅助下手术切除鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤切实可行,但必须严格选择适应证,辅以术后综合治疗,可取得满意的疗效。     

鼻内镜微创手术治疗鼻颅底肿瘤36例临床分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜微创外科技术应用于鼻颅底肿瘤的适应证、疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2004年6月鼻内镜下行鼻颅底肿瘤切除术36例,其中鼻咽血管纤维瘤16例、鼻窦骨化纤维瘤8例、垂体瘤8例、嗅神经母细胞瘤4例.患者术后均行病理检查证实.鼻咽血管纤维瘤患者术前行供血动脉介入栓塞术;嗅神经母细胞瘤患者术后给予放疗;2例较大的垂体瘤患者手术未能完全切除,术后给予放疗.结果 36例患者均行肿瘤全部或者大部分切除.3例患者出现脑脊液鼻漏并发症,其中2例分别采用中鼻甲黏膜和肌肉组织修补成功,另1例仪给予降颅压、抗炎处理后自愈.术后随访4～8年均无复发.结论 在正确选择适应证的前提下,鼻内镜微创手术能够安全有效地处理鼻颅底肿瘤.     

颅内外沟通性嗅神经母细胞瘤8例显微手术治疗分析

目的讨论颅内外沟通性嗅神经母细胞瘤（ONB）的临床特点及显微手术策略。 方法湘雅医院神经外科2013年1月—2019年6月收治的颅内外沟通性ONB患者8例,男5例,女3例,年龄13~65岁;病程7 d至5年,平均12个月。其中手术选择双侧扩大经额底入路5例,联合经鼻内镜3例。全部患者术后行放疗,2例辅助化疗。观察患者的手术策略和临床疗效。结果8例患者颅内外沟通性ONB全切除,术后头痛及鼻腔疼痛全部改善,随访7个月至6年,存活4例,失访2例,2例术后4~10个月肿瘤广泛复发导致死亡。结论双侧扩大经额底入路及联合经鼻内镜显微手术有助于颅内外沟通性ONB的全切除,可提高患者生存率,值得临床推广。     

经鼻内镜切除嗅神经母细胞瘤疗效观察

目的探讨经鼻内镜切除嗅神经母细胞瘤的疗效及辅助放射治疗的意义。方法对2001年8月至2005年9月经鼻内镜手术治疗的6例鼻腔鼻窦嗅神经母细胞瘤患者的临床特征、治疗效果及失败的原因进行回顾性分析。其中男4例，女2例；1例儿童，5例成人，年龄9—68岁；KadishB期2例，C期4例。所有病例随访14—63个月。结果6例鼻腔鼻窦嗅神经母细胞瘤患者，5例肿瘤完全切除，包括1例先开颅手术，1例颅内侵犯经鼻内镜切除肿瘤并进行颅底修复，1例颈淋巴清扫术，1例次全切除。5例首次术后辅助放疗，均无瘤生存，1例未加放疗手术后复发带瘤生存至31个月死亡，中位生存期44．5个月。结论内镜手术具有手术进路简便，视野清晰，损伤小，术后恢复快，面部不留瘢痕，易为患者接受的优点。初步结果显示该术式是治疗鼻腔鼻窦嗅神经母细胞瘤的有效方法，但术后必须结合放射治疗方可获得满意效果。     

Kadish C期嗅神经母细胞瘤行鼻内镜手术切除及综合治疗的临床分析

目的回顾性分析Kadish C期嗅神经母细胞瘤行鼻内镜手术切除及综合治疗的效果,探讨手术适应证、方法及围术期管理经验。方法收集2004年12月—2018年9月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院接受鼻内镜手术并证实为Kadish C期嗅神经母细胞瘤患者17例的临床资料。其中男13例,女4例;年龄26～67岁,平均45.4岁。所有患者术前均行鼻窦CT和 MRI、颈部超声及胸部CT检查。采用Kaplan Meier法进行生存分析、计算总体生存率和无瘤生存率。结果17例患者中初次手术11例,术后复发再次手术6例。所有患者均行鼻内镜手术切除,１２例患者行颅底重建,其中1０患者切除硬脑膜和嗅球。术后病理确诊为嗅神经母细胞瘤,病理采用Hyams评分系统进行病理分级,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级8例。１６例辅助放疗;８例辅助化疗,其中４例接受术前诱导化疗。无严重手术并发症;随访8~109个月,平均随访44.2个月,失访1例,复发和/或转移4例。死亡3例,均死于肿瘤脑转移。1年和5年总体生存率为94.1%和80.7%,1年和5年无瘤生存率为76.5%。结论Kadish C嗅神经母细胞瘤采用鼻内镜切除加术后辅助综合治疗可以获得满意的5年生存率;术者经验和技术及多层颅底重建修复是手术成功的关键。     

Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Past,Present, and Future?

OBJECTIVE: To consider the long-term survival and outcomes in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma undergoing craniofacial resection. STUDY DESIGN: A single-center prospective cohort study. METHODS: All patients with olfactory neuroblastoma treated in a 23-year period with craniofacial resection (with or without radiotherapy) were analyzed; a multivariate analysis was included. RESULTS: Forty-two patients aged 12 to 70 years were assessed, 83% of whom had received no preceding treatment. Craniofacial resection was used in all cases, combined with radiotherapy in 24 patients (57%). Duration of follow-up ranged from 2 to 206 months (mean follow-up period, 57 mo). The disease-free actuarial survival and overall survival were 77% and 61% at 5 years and 53% and 42% at 10 years, respectively. A Cox regression analysis identified intracranial extension and orbital involvement as independent factors affecting outcome. CONCLUSION: Craniofacial resection combined with radiotherapy offers the gold standard of care against which other approaches such as endoscopic resection must be judged.     

鼻内镜鼻颅底肿瘤手术19例临床观察

目的探讨鼻内镜技术应用于鼻颅底肿瘤手术中的适应证、疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2001年1月～2006年1月收治的19例鼻颅底肿瘤患者,其中鼻窦乳头状瘤6例,垂体瘤6例,鼻腔鼻窦骨化纤维瘤3例,嗅母细胞瘤2例,鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽部残灶2例。均在鼻内镜下行手术治疗,术后均经病理证实。肿瘤中有恶变者予以放疗。结果 19例患者肿瘤均全部切除,3例患者出现脑脊液鼻漏,以自体中鼻甲修补成功。术后随访2～4年无复发。结论在适应证选择合理的条件下,应用鼻内镜技术能安全有效处理鼻颅底肿瘤。     

累及纵隔和胸腔的甲状腺肿物诊疗分析

目的 探讨累及纵隔及胸腔内甲状腺肿物的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性研究1995-2005年湖南省肿瘤医院头颈外科手术治疗累及纵隔和胸腔的甲状腺肿物患者78例,男22例,女56例;年龄45～78岁,中位年龄59岁.胸骨后甲状腺肿物分型:Ⅰ型50例,Ⅱ型20例,Ⅲ型8例.呼吸困难Ⅰ、Ⅱ度分别为38例和20例.手术采取颈部入路71例,颈部横切-正中劈胸联合人路4例,颈部横切-右侧开胸联合入路3例.修复气管壁缺损4例,修复食管缺损3例.气管食管壁残留5例,纵隔残留6例;术后放疗11例,核素131Ⅰ治疗18例.无手术死亡和伤口感染发生.结果 随访时间60～180个月,中位时间110个月.术后患者呼吸困难症状均解除.49例良性患者中3例死于心脑血管疾病,29例恶性者肺转移死亡2例,颈部复发死亡3例.本组甲状腺癌患者的5年生存率为75.0%.结论 累及纵隔和胸腔的甲状腺肿物多能从颈部分离包膜切除,部分甲状腺癌需联合颈部切口加正中劈胸或侧部开胸清除病灶;有明显肿瘤残留或疑有镜下残留的患者均需行术后放疗;分化型甲状腺癌的高危病例,需行核素131Ⅰ治疗.     

诊治7例鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的体会

目的：提高临床对鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的认识及治疗效果。方法：７例患者按Ｋａｄｉｓｈ分期，Ｂ期２例，Ｃ期５例，单纯放疗３例，术前放疗４例，放射剂量为５０００￣７０００ｃＧｙ。均随访至１９９７年１２月，结果：存活５例，存活时间分别为２０，２２，２３，２９及７６个月；结论：放疗对该肿瘤有效；放疗与化疗结合的方法值得探讨，该瘤病理上可能存在不同的亚型。