南海颗粒物的氨基酸通量与组成

本文对在南海中部布设的两个层次（１１９１ｍ和３６９６ｍ）沉积物捕集器的沉降粒子进行了颗粒沉降通量和氨基酸组成的研究。南海的物质通量呈现季节性变化，深层样变动范围在６９．６～１４１．７ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｄ）；但火山灰侵入后，其物质通量（按每月平均）高出１～２个数量级，氨基酸和氨基糖含量亦由原来的１０×１０－３和０．９×１０－３减少为０．０９×１０－３和０．０２×１０－３。氨基酸组分中以天门冬氨酸占优势，其次为甘氨酸与谷氨酸。在火山灰影响下，其丰度顺序为：谷氨酸＞天门冬氨酸＞甘氨酸。     

对虾养殖生态系有机质含量及其不同测定方法的数值比较

对５个对虾养殖围隔生态系有机质含量及其不同测定方法所得结果进行了比较研究。结果表明：有机质总量波动在７．５６￣１９．７６ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＴＣＯ）或４．７６￣６．２５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＣＯＤ）,平均为１３．０５±２．８５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＴＯＣ）或５．５２±０．４０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＣＯＤ）。总有机质中,溶解有机质所占比例为７６％（ＤＯＣ／ＴＯＣ）或８２％（ＤＣＯＤ／ＣＯＤ）;溶解有机质与颗粒有机质的比例     

红虾(Palaemon gravier)脂肪酸分析

对红虾虾头和虾肉中的脂肪进行了提取和测定。脂肪甲酯化后,采用５０ｍ×０．３５ｍｍｉ．ｄ．ＰＥＧ－２０Ｍ玻璃毛细管柱,ＦＩＤ检测器,并结合ＧＣＬＭＳ进行了脂肪酸分析。结果表明,虾头中脂肪含量达１０．８×１０－２,其不饱和脂肪酸６８．８×１０－２,ＥＰＡ＋ＤＨＡ占２４．１×１０－２;虾肉中脂肪仅为３．９×１０－２,其不饱和脂肪酸６９．８×１０－２,ＥＰＡ＋ＤＨＡ为２７．３×１０－２。     

南海东北部沉积物间隙水氮和硅的研究

测定了南海东北部沉积物间隙水中ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量。６个站位的５─１０ｃｍ层的ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量分别为０．４７—１．７０，０．８４—２．６０和１０．１７—１１．６９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。研究了上述物质含量在５０号站的深度分布。估算了ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ从间隙水向上覆水扩散的通量分别为０．０３３和０．０１９ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２·ｄ。     

霞浦湖沉积物需氧速率的研究

１９９５年２月,用大口径采样器采集日本霞浦湖土浦湾和湖心柱状沉积物样品,在２０℃恒温蔽光封闭条件下,研究了该湖泊沉积物需氧（ＳＯＤ）速率及实验前后上覆水和间隙水中形态营养物浓度变化,结果表明,实验初期（０－５ｈ）ＳＯＤ速率随时间呈线性上升,大于５ｈ后呈非线性下降,对线性部分计算的ＳＯＤ速率约在０．６－１．８ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）之间,实验发现,上覆水和表层间隙水中形态营养物Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）,ＮＨ＾＋４－Ｎ     

南海东北部沉积物间隙水氮和硅的研究

测定了南海东北部沉积物间隙水中ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量。６个站位的５－１０ｃｍ层的ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量分别为０．４７－１．７０，０．８４－２．６０和１０．１７－１１．６９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。研究了上术物质含量在５０号站的深度分布。估算了ＮＯ３－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ从间隙水向覆水扩散的通量分别为通量分别为０．０３３和０．０１９ｍ ｍｏｌ／ｍ＾２．ｄ。     

杭州湾锋区浮游植物现存量和初级生产力

１９８７年１２月和１９８８年７月，对杭州湾锋区附近海域的浮游植物细胞丰度、优势种类、叶绿素ａ浓度和初级生产力进行了现场测定。结果表明，夏季海域浮游植物细胞丰度（１９．９５×１０６个／ｍ３）高于冬季（５．６０×１０６个／ｍ３）。主要为广温低盐河口性类群和近岸广温广盐性类群占优势。夏季表层平均叶绿素ａ浓度为２．７４ｍｇ／ｍ３，冬季为１．２７ｍｇ／ｍ３。其平面分布特征表现为，表层浓度高于中层和底层，小潮汛的浓度高于大潮汛，落潮时的浓度高于涨潮时，跟踪测站的浓度高于Ｅ断面。夏季平均初级生产力为１５０．２７ｍｇＣ／（ｍ２·ｄ）。杭州湾为高悬浮物浓度的海域，光强成为初级生产力的主要限制因素之一。     

九龙江口本中1995年有机物的转移

１９９５年３个航次调查研究结果表明,九龙江口水体总有机物的含量受悬浮物含量控制。在Ｓ〈５的低盐度区,悬浮泥沙和有机物产生明显的絮凝;在Ｓ〉５的广阔海域,它们的行移接近于理想混合。估算得出九龙江河流的入海一约;悬浮泥沙为９．８＊１０＾５ｔ／ａ;总ＣＯＤ为３．２＊１０＾ｔ／ａ,其中溶解态ＣＯＤ为２．１＊１０＾４ｔ／ａ约占２／３,为水体有机物的主要开矿如换算为溶解有机碳,则ＤＯＣ的平均通量为３．２＊１０     

厦门西海域表层沉的重金属的分布特征及来源探讨

１９９４年１０月调查研究了厦门西海域表层沉积物样品中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ在不同粒度颗粒中不同结合态的含量。结果表明，该海域圾层沉积物中Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ在弱结合态中有一较稳定的分配比；Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ的平均浓度分别为３０．２，７７．２，１４４．２，０．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ；概据底质评价标准，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ严重超标。     

南麂列岛海域微小型底栖藻类生态研究

本文首次报道南麂列岛海域沉积物中的微型（２～２０μｍ）、小型（２０～２００μｍ）藻类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系。经初步鉴定，沉积物中共有微小型藻类２４属７１种，其中小型的底栖圆筛藻属Ｃｏｓｃｉｎｏｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｐｐ．为２１种，广布于整个海区，春季平均细胞密度为（１０．４±３．６）×１０３个／ｃｍ２，占总密度的６５．４％；微型藻以中肋骨条藻Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａｃｏｓｔａｔｕｍ占优势，秋季平均细胞密度为（４２６２．８±１１９２８．２）×１０３个／ｃｍ２，占总细胞密度的９８．９％，主要分布在沿岸区。对０～１２ｃｍ柱状样品中细胞密度分层分析结果表明，０～２ｃｍ层的细胞密度大于２～５ｃｍ层大于５～１２ｃｍ层。沿岸区（１，２，５，６，７，８，９站）的种类和细胞密度高于岙口（３站）、远岸（１０站）及水道区（４站）。根据微小型底栖藻类组成特点，可划分为三个生态类群：广布性类群、暖水性类群和温带性类群。微小型底栖藻类密度与营养盐浓度的季节变化密切相关，秋季高于春季。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Evaluation of the Risk of Marine Slope Instability: A Pseudo-3D Approach for Application to Large Areas

This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.