液-液分散搅拌槽的设计

介绍液-液分散搅拌槽的结构，临界转速的确定，所需动率的计算，以及有关平均滴径、界面面积的关联式。对滴径分布和传质系数也作了简单介绍。还提出了液-液分散搅拌槽的放大方法。     

多层桨搅拌槽内的液-液分散特性

在直径为0．476m的椭圆底圆柱形搅拌槽内,以水／航空煤油及水／环己烷为实验体系,研究了Rushton涡轮式搅拌桨(RT-6)、六半椭圆管涡轮式搅拌桨(HEDT)、折叶轴流式搅拌桨及翼形轴流式搅拌桨(CBY)的6种不同组合桨的液-液分散特性,用取样法测定了分散相体积分数的轴向分布及体系澄清时间。结果表明,组合桨中的底桨在液-液分散中发挥了主要作用。单位体积输入功率相同时,底桨为CBY的组合桨进行液-液分散后,液滴的平均滴径最小,体系澄清时间较长;底桨为HEDT的组合桨的分散效果次之;底桨为RT-6的组合桨因滴径分布较宽,虽然平均滴径最大,但澄清时间也较长。     

搅拌槽内多层组合桨对液-液分散特性的影响

以水-煤油及水-环己烷为体系,研究Rushton涡轮桨(RT),半椭圆管涡轮(HEDT)及翼形轴流式桨(CBY)的6种不同组合桨的液-液分散特性。测定了不同输入功率时分散相体积分率沿轴向及径向的分布。结果表明:当搅拌槽内液位与槽径之比达1.5,在相同输入功率时,三层桨的液液分散性能优于两层桨,功率准数较低的CBY组合桨在输入功率0.8kW/m~3时,槽内的轴向及径向分散相体积分率达到稳定的均匀分布。而功率准数较大的RT组合桨需要在输入功率1.8kW/m~3才能达到槽内分散相的均匀分布。     

液-液-液三相体系的相分散与分相特性

以包含双油相和单水相的液-液-液三相体系为对象,利用编程控制的CCD照相系统,考察了搅拌槽内不同操作条件下液-液-液三相体系的相分散及分相情况. 实验结果表明,桨型对三相体系的分散情况有较大影响,径流桨的分散效果优于轴流桨,下推式轴流桨优于上推式轴流桨;各相体积比的改变会导致不同的相分散形式;不同相分散形式的分相过程也不相同,实验中体系的分相过程可以分为凝并界面水平型与无规则型两种典型情况,分别对应两种不同的相分散形式;采用分相数学模型,可成功预测凝并界面水平型分相过程中各界面的高度随时间的变化.     

搅拌槽内液-固两相体系的数值研究(Ⅱ)临界搅拌转速的预测

The critical impeller speed, NJS, for complete suspension of solid particles in the agitated solid-liquid two-phase system in baffled stirred tanks with a standard Rushton impeller is predicted using the computational procedure proposed in Part Ⅰ. Three different numerical criteria are tested for determining the critical solid suspension. The predicted NJS is compared with those obtained from several empirical correlations. It is suggested the most reasonable criterion for determining the complete suspension of solid particles is the positive sign of simulated axial velocity of solid phase at the location where the solid particles are most difficult to be suspended.     

搅拌槽内固液悬浮和气液分散的实验研究

在实验室提出的新型三相搅拌槽——自吸式龙卷流型搅拌槽中,采用六直叶圆盘涡轮桨进行三相混合性能的实验。从固液悬浮、气液分散和传质性能等方面对搅拌槽进行了研究,探讨了固相颗粒对气含率和传质性能的影响,得到了搅拌槽中不同性能参数的变化规律。结果表明:自吸式龙卷流型搅拌槽作为一种新型的三相搅拌槽,能够获得良好的固液悬浮和气液分散效果;当搅拌槽内固相体积分率较低(φ<20%)时,可采用颗粒的壁面堆积高度作为完全悬浮状态的判定标准;固相颗粒的存在会使气含率明显降低,但对传质性能的影响较为复杂,φ<5%时的体积传氧系数K L a高于纯溶液,φ>5%时的K L a低于纯溶液,但都随固相体积分率的增加而降低。     

搅拌槽内固液悬浮和气液分散的实验研究

在实验室提出的新型三相搅拌槽——自吸式龙卷流型搅拌槽中,采用六直叶圆盘涡轮桨进行三相混合性能的实验。从固液悬浮、气液分散和传质性能等方面对搅拌槽进行了研究,探讨了固相颗粒对气含率和传质性能的影响,得到了搅拌槽中不同性能参数的变化规律。结果表明:自吸式龙卷流型搅拌槽作为一种新型的三相搅拌槽,能够获得良好的固液悬浮和气液分散效果;当搅拌槽内固相体积分率较低(φ20%)时,可采用颗粒的壁面堆积高度作为完全悬浮状态的判定标准;固相颗粒的存在会使气含率明显降低,但对传质性能的影响较为复杂,φ5%时的体积传氧系数K L a高于纯溶液,φ5%时的K L a低于纯溶液,但都随固相体积分率的增加而降低。     

挡板进气多级搅拌槽内的气—液分散特性

研究了挡板进气多级搅拌槽内的气－液分散流型、临界分散转速、搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间。试验证明，这种结构的搅拌槽，比标准通气式搅拌槽具有更优良的气－液分散特性，并回归得到了搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间的关联式。     

搅拌槽内气——液体系的分散,传质和传热

综述了搅拌槽内气－液体系分散、传质和传热特性，比较了搅拌器类型、通气方式和多级搅拌器对混合性能的影响。对文献中观点的分歧进行了探讨，由此得到两个传质系数关联式，并揭示出给热系数随操作条件变化的机理。     

挡板进气多级搅拌槽内的气－液分散特性

研究了挡板进气多级搅拌槽内的气－液分散流型、临界分散转速、搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间。试验证明，这种结构的搅拌槽，比标准通气式搅拌槽具有更优良的气－液分散特性，并回归得到了搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间的关联式。     

不同类型搅拌器的气—液分散和混合特性

在通气式搅拌槽内研制了直叶圆盘涡轮、直叶桨式涡轮、４５度折叶圆盘涡轮、４５度折叶桨工涡轮、凹弧叶圆盘涡轮、锥形涡轮和布鲁马金式搅拌器的临界分散转速、分散状态、搅拌功率、气含率、气泡停留时间、排量准数和输出效率，并获得了适用上述种类搅拌器的临界分散转速、搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间关联式。     

翼形轴流桨用于液液分散的冷模研究

翼形桨是新一代高效轴向流叶轮。本文将这类叶轮用于液液分散的冷模试验，测定了基本流型及其造成的液滴大小分布，研究了分散特性与搅拌功率的关系，并与传统叶轮比较了搅拌混合的综合性能。     

CRITICAL IMPELLER SPEED FOR SOLID SUSPENSION IN MULTI-IMPELLER AGITATED CONTACTORS: SOLID-LIQUID SYSTEM

The critical impeller speed for suspension of solid particles (N_js) has been measured in multi-impeller mechanically agitated contactors of 0.15 and 0.30m id and 1.0 m height. Three types of impellers, i.e. disk turbine (DT), pitched turbine downflow(PTD) and pitched turbine upflow(PTU) were used. The number of impellers used in the 0.3 m and 0.15 m id reactors were three and four, respectively. The distance maintained between two impellers was equivalent lo the tank diameter. The effect of impeller type and diameter, particle size and loading, and clearance of the bottom impeller from the reactor bottom was studied and results compared with those of single impeller agitated contactors. PTD impeller was found to be more efficient for solid suspension. The N_js values obtained in reactors with multiple impeller are essentially the same as those observed in single impeller reactor and the bottom impeller plays dominant role in determining the N_js, values. An empirical correlation has been proposed for estimation of N_js and an attempt has been made to explain the mechanism of suspension in multi-impeller agitated reactor.     

LIQUID FLOW IN IMPELLER REGION OF AN UNBAFFLED AGITATED VESSEL WITH UNSTEADILY FORWARD-REVERSE ROTATING IMPELLER

For an unbaffled agitated vessel with an unsteadily forward-reverse rotating impeller whose rotation proceeds with repeated acceleration, deceleration, and stop-reverse processes, the liquid flow in the impeller region was studied based on photographs showing path lines of tracer particles. An image series taken during one cycle of the forward-reverse rotation was analyzed to characterize the internal stream inside the impeller rotational region and the discharge stream outside its region when a disk turbine impeller with six flat blades was rotated unsteadily. Because of the unsteady flow generated inside the impeller rotational region, the velocity vector of outflow from its region fluctuated periodically with the change of the impeller rotation rate. The circumferential velocity was almost in phase with the impeller rotation rate, oscillating periodically. The radial velocity exhibited larger values in the process for the impeller from decelerating to stopping and reversal. The radial flow, whose velocity decreased downstream outside the impeller rotational region, was clarified to be transformed into upward and downward axial flows that are almost uniform in the circumferential direction throughout the region near the vessel wall.     

LIQUID FLOW IN IMPELLER REGION OF AN UNBAFFLED AGITATED VESSEL WITH UNSTEADILY FORWARD-REVERSE ROTATING IMPELLER

For an unbaffled agitated vessel with an unsteadily forward-reverse rotating impeller whose rotation proceeds with repeated acceleration, deceleration, and stop-reverse processes, the liquid flow in the impeller region was studied based on photographs showing path lines of tracer particles. An image series taken during one cycle of the forward-reverse rotation was analyzed to characterize the internal stream inside the impeller rotational region and the discharge stream outside its region when a disk turbine impeller with six flat blades was rotated unsteadily. Because of the unsteady flow generated inside the impeller rotational region, the velocity vector of outflow from its region fluctuated periodically with the change of the impeller rotation rate. The circumferential velocity was almost in phase with the impeller rotation rate, oscillating periodically. The radial velocity exhibited larger values in the process for the impeller from decelerating to stopping and reversal. The radial flow, whose velocity decreased downstream outside the impeller rotational region, was clarified to be transformed into upward and downward axial flows that are almost uniform in the circumferential direction throughout the region near the vessel wall.     

刮壁搅拌桨在槽式釜中的功率损耗

研究了浮动式刮壁桨在槽式釜中流体的粘度，刮壁材料，刮板端角，刮板厚度以及搅拌雷诺数，刮板宽度，刮壁角度，刮壁高度对搅拌功率损耗的影响，发现：搅拌雷诺数，刮板宽度，刮壁高度和刮壁角对搅拌功耗有明显的影响，在一定条件下其他因素则对功耗的影响很小，得到刮壁功耗的经验关联式为Ｎｐ＝（１５６２／Ｒｅ＾０．９７７）（Ｗ／Ｄ）ｃｏｓα）＾０．３５３（ｎＬ／Ｄ），式中Ｒｅ=１～３００。     

装有双层蛇管搅拌釜的传热

以水为传热介质，采用组合桨，测定了装有双层蛇管的搅拌釜的传热系数。结果表明，在三层圆盘涡轮搅拌下，外层蛇管外壁侧和釜内壁侧的传热系数分别比内层蛇管的下降了１０％和２８％，而用圆盘涡轮与折叶桨组合桨搅拌时，要分别高出３３％和５％，总传热效率提高了２０％以上；另外，釜内壁侧的传热系数受蛇管层数的影响较小。