基于数字信号处理器的双丝高速焊数字化协同控制系统

为解决双丝高速焊两路脉冲同步、交替、随机三种输出形式的协同控制问题,采用数字信号处理器(Digital signal processor, DSP) 建立了基于DSP的双丝高速焊数字化协同控制系统。利用DSP内部集成的脉宽调制 (Pulse width modulation, PWM) 模块,以软件方式实现了主、从机两台逆变电源PWM信号的直接数字化控制,从而实现主、从机的高频逆变和低频脉冲波形调制。利用单一DSP芯片实现了双丝高速焊同步、交替、随机三种脉冲相位输出形式。阐述数字化协同控制系统的软硬件设计。双丝高速焊试验结果表明,所设计的数字化协同控制系统满足设计要求,焊接过程稳定、焊接速度快、飞溅小、焊缝成型美观,能实现良好的双丝高速焊工艺。     

超音频脉冲TIG焊电源的双DSP并行全数字控制系统

文中采用数字信号处理器TMS320LF2407构建共享外部存储器的双DSP并行控制系统,将其用于控制基于2套桥式逆变直流主回路并联调制模式的新型大功率超音频直流脉冲TIG焊电源.所研制的并行控制系统实现了焊接电源2套主回路双端PWM控制的冗余备份输出,同时也实现了2套主回路恒流反馈控制系统的并行采样、并行滤波及数字PID反馈控制算法的并行运算.焊接试验的超音频直流脉冲电流输出特性验证了DSP并行全数字控制系统的有效性.     

基于DSP的弧焊逆变电源控制系统

阐述了基于DSP的弧焊逆变电源数字化控制系统,着重介绍了DSP的A/D转换模块和PWM生成模块在弧焊逆变电源控制系统中的应用,并设计了相应的硬件电路。     

A novel soft-switching twin arc pulse MAG welding inverter

The high-speed double wire pulse metal-gas arc (MAG) welding process possesses advantages of automation and high efficiency and quality. Thus, it attracts much more attention nowadays. To meet the requirements of the double wire pulse MAG welding process, a novel double wire pulse MAG welding inverter integrated with technologies, such as soft-switching, double closed loop control, and synchronic control, is produced. A complete performance test was done for the pulsed MAG welding power supply by using a computer testing platform. The results of the experiment indicate that the novel welding inverter has an excellent performance both in the dynamic and the static characteristics. Also, the synchronic control between the master inverter and the slave inverter is reliable. Translated from Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 34(7): 31–34, 59 [译自: 华南理工大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

短路过渡CO2焊全数字控制系统

以短路过渡CO2焊全数字控制系统设计和实现为背景,针对全数字控制设计面临的新问题,应用分级递阶智能控制理论,有机地将数字PI控制器、模糊控制器和专家系统结合起来,使控制层次清晰化,实现方案简单化。试验证明,应用该系统在短路过渡区间实现了CO2焊较为理想的波形控制,弧长控制稳定,焊丝伸出长度变化的适应性增强,焊接过程控制智能化。     

熔化极脉冲氩弧焊弧长动态调节性能研究

介绍了一种新型的单周期脉冲MIG焊控制法,该法采用非线性控制,通过实时采集电弧电压信号,控制每一个脉冲周期内的平均电弧电压和预设值相同,系统具有很强的弧长调节能力。当扰动发生时,在每一个周期内,电弧电压的平均值和设定值之间既不存在静态误差也不存在瞬态误差,弧长可以在数个周期内调整到稳定。在深入研究电弧动态调节过程的基础上,对原来方案进行优化设计。试验结果表明,该系统具有优异的电弧自身调节特性,焊接工艺性能良好。     

基于视觉的脉冲TIG焊接熔宽模糊控制系统

利用视觉传感和计算机图象处理技术从试件下面检测焊缝熔宽信息,设计了一套脉冲TIG焊接熔宽模糊控制系统。根据脉冲TIG焊接电弧的弧光特性及其对视觉检测的影响,提出了一种独特的象采集和控制方法。试验结果表明,该系统具有良好的控制效果和自适应能力。     

基于周期平均值外特性的脉冲MIG焊弧长稳定性研究

通过对脉冲熔化极惰性气体保护(Metal inert gas,MIG)焊脉冲平均电流电压变化率的计算,提出脉冲周期平均值外特性曲线,并对弧焊电源脉冲周期平均值外特性曲线和电弧静态性曲线的动态稳定工作点进行详细分析,得出利用脉冲平均值外特性控制脉冲MIG焊的控制策略。同时运用双闭环控制实现了基于弧压反馈的I/I模式控制数字化弧焊电源,此电源能在送丝速度稳定情况下自适应弧长扰动变化,实现脉冲弧焊过程一脉一滴熔滴过渡。通过弧长阶跃试验表明,脉冲弧焊过程中焊丝熔化速度快速跟踪弧长变化,具有良好的弧长动态调节性能,保持弧长动态稳定,即焊接过程稳定,焊缝成形良好,同时验证了分析过程正确性和设计过程的可行性。     

Rough set based knowledge modeling for the aluminum alloy pulsed GTAW process

The arc welding process is so complex that the classical modeling method cannot obtain the model effectively. However, the model of the arc welding process is necessary for the intelligent control of the process. Therefore, the modeling has been the interest of many researchers. Recently, more and more researchers are attempting to obtain the model of the process by means of intelligent methods, such as the neural network method, the fuzzy set method, and so on. All these methods concentrate on simulating the intelligent behavior of human beings, namely using human experience. Many applications of these methods have proved their effectiveness under certain conditions. However, their limits are obvious and further research is needed. This paper proposes a method of rough set based knowledge modeling for the aluminum alloy pulsed gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Owing to the ability of dealing with knowledge (experience) of the rough set theory, the method can obtain the knowledge model of the aluminum alloy pulsed GTAW process. The model obtained is easily understood and revised. Experiment results indicate that the method is effective. The method can be regarded as the basis of the intelligent control of the welding process .     

机器人用弧焊逆变器及设备智能控制的研究

本文阐述了机器人用弧焊逆变器及设备智能控制器的基本原理、控制电路的组成和控制软件的结构。实验结果表明,采用8097BH单片机对场效应管弧焊逆变电源进行直接数控,通过编程,可方便获得CO 2/MAG自动焊所需的静动外持性及焊接顺序,并可对焊接过程故障进行诊断及报警,焊接参数的变换、调节、存储和调用,此外,它与弧焊逆变器、送丝机和焊炬一起组成完整的自成体系的焊接系统,与机器人控制柜只有开关量的通信关系。通过调节PI参数可调整逆变器动特性,从而使焊接过程更稳定,飞溅小,焊缝成形好,更好地体现机器人弧焊方法的优越性。     

激光+双丝脉冲MAG复合焊的焊接稳定性

研究激光和Ar+He混合气体中He气体体积分数对激光+双丝脉冲MAG复合焊焊接稳定性的影响。搭建激光+双丝脉冲熔化极活性气体保护(Metal active-gas, MAG)复合焊焊接系统,利用LabVIEW信号采集系统采集焊接电流和电弧电压波形,借助高速摄像系统同步拍摄电弧形态和熔滴过渡过程,实时监测焊接过程。观察后丝短路和前丝断弧情况并对前丝电弧电压进行单因素方差分析,研究Ar+He混合气体中He气体体积分数对焊接稳定性影响;比较焊接过程中激光的有无对熔滴过渡的影响,分析激光对焊接稳定性影响。结果发现随着He气体体积分数增大,后丝对应短路次数增多,当He气体体积分数为50%时,前丝出现断弧现象,大于50%,断弧时间随之增加,焊接稳定性变差;激光+双丝脉冲MAG复合焊和双丝脉冲MAG复合焊相比,加入激光可稳定电弧,为熔滴提供一附加力,该力促进熔滴过渡,使熔滴过渡尺寸减小,加大过渡频率,改善熔滴过渡,提高焊接稳定性。     

基于模糊神经网络 PID 的开关磁阻电机控制系统研究

针对开关磁阻电机存在的转矩脉动大、噪声大、速度不稳定等问题,对开关磁阻电机的启动、运行、调速等方面进行了研究,提出了一种基于模糊神经网络PID的控制方法,将模糊控制理论与BP神经网络相结合,构成了模糊BP神经网络,根据系统误差,误差的变化,以及误差变化的变化实时调整PID控制参数,使电机在整个转速范围内获得了最优的PID参数。实验采用DSP作为控制核心,不对称逆变桥作为功率变换器,驱动一台2 k W的开关磁阻电机运行。研究结果表明,该方法大大改善了开关磁阻电机控制系统的动、静态性能,控制精度高、转矩脉动小,对干扰有较高的鲁棒性。     

开关型焊接电源及其电弧控制系统

就场效应管开关型焊接电源研制过程中的问题提出有效的解决办法，同时研制成功ＭＩＧ／ＭＡＧ电弧弧长闭环控制系统和随机脉冲稳弧控制方法，获得满意的工艺效果。     

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR GTAW MODELING AND CONTROL

0 INTRODUCTION(The satisfied control of the overall weld process is not easily accomplished, largely due to the inadequacies of the available process models. Without exceptions, most welding control methods are based upon the analytical welding models. Although these models are derived directly from the physical laws that govern the main features of the weld pool, a number of assumptions are made to obtain the mathematical solutions and some variables are ignored due to the complexity of t…     

Seam Tracking Technology for Hyperbaric Underwater Welding

Automatic weld seam tracking technology to be used in hyperbaric underwater damaged pipeline repair welding is much more important, because of poor bevel preparation and severe working condition. A weld seam tracking system based on digital signal processing(DSP) passive light weld image processing technology has been established. A convenient charge coupled device(CCD) camera system was used in the high pressure environment with the help of an aperture and focus altering mechanism to guarantee overall image visibility in the scope of pressure below 0.7 MPa. The system can be used in the hyperbaric environment to pick up the real welding image of both the welding arc and the welding pool. The newly developed DSP technology was adopted to achieve the goal of system real time characteristics. An effective weld groove edge recognition technique including narrow interesting window opening, middle value wave filtering, Sobel operator weld edge detecting and edge searching in a defined narrow area was proposed to remove the guide error and system accuracy was ensured. The results of tracking simulation and real tracking application with arc striking have proved the validity and the accuracy of the mentioned system and the image processing method.     

Nd:YAG激光+脉冲MAG电弧复合热源焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响

试验研究Nd:YAG激光 脉冲MAG电弧复合热源焊接过程中焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响.研究结果表明,复合热源焊缝熔深随电弧功率和激光功率的增大而增大,随焊接速度的增大而减小,并且在相同参数下,复合热源焊缝熔深稍大于激光焊缝熔深而显著大于脉冲MAG焊缝熔深.对于不同焊接电流,光丝间距在0～3 mm内复合热源焊缝取得最大熔深,且取得最大熔深的光丝间距与焊接电流大小有关;复合热源焊缝熔深在离焦量为2 mm时取得最大值.试验结果分析表明,在激光 电弧复合热源焊接过程中激光功率不仅决定复合热源焊缝熔深,而且可以极大地提高焊接速度:MAG电弧也可提高Nd:YAG激光焊的热效率.     

全数字化气体保护逆变焊机的设计与开发

利用逆变电源响应速度快、控制精度高、易于实现数字化控制的特点,设计了用于气体保护焊生产的全数字化逆变焊机。开展了可以满足CO2气体保护焊、直流MIG焊和脉冲MIG焊的微机控制多功能IGBT逆变焊机的研制,完成了包括主电路、控制电路、脉宽调制电路、驱动电路、系统软件设计以及焊机安装调试等多项任务。对焊机电源各组成部分进行了功能分析,并记录了试验数据与波形。试验表明:该焊机响应速度快,硬件电路简单可靠,抗干扰能力强,达到设计要求。     

Application of arc plasma spectral information in the monitor of Al–Mg alloy pulsed GTAW penetration status based on fuzzy logic system

In this paper, an intelligent fuzzy system based on arc spectral information was proposed to recognize the weld penetration status. A spectrometer and a visual sensor were used simultaneously to collect the arc spectral and visual information about the Al–Mg alloy pulsed GTAW process, respectively. Principal component analysis was utilized for spectral line identification, redundancy removal and spectral characteristic signals extraction; wavelet packet denoising technique was used to filter these signals. The relationship between the penetration status under different welding conditions and the corresponding spectral signals was discussed and clarified. Finally, a fuzzy system based on the spectral signals was developed and successfully used to estimate the percentage index of the weld penetration status. With a binary decision of penetration index, the average recognition rate for the penetration status about the specific welding conditions was no less than 82.1 %.     

采用DSP的电视测量跟踪器的研制

采用DSP+FPGA的线性流水阵列结构的数字图像处理器完成目标数据采集和处理,研制了基于DSP的电视测量跟踪器.针对欲测量地标的背景复杂的情况,在图像处理算法上采用基于遗传算法的图像模板匹配算法,有效降低了计算量,提高了匹配精度,取得了较好的实验效果.该算法还具有每帧图像匹配计算时间基本恒定的优点,便于在实际系统中采用.     

脉冲旁路耦合电弧MIG焊的动态数学建模及过程控制

脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护(Metal inert-gas, MIG)焊是一种新型的低热输入焊接方法,它通过特定的接法引入旁路电弧与主路电弧实现热、力的耦合,利用旁路电弧的分流作用,实现熔化母材热量与熔化焊丝热量的独立控制,从而在精确控制母材热输入的同时保证熔滴的自由过渡形式,可以实现铝-钢等异种金属的连接。为了理论分析不同焊接参数对焊接过程的影响,通过等效、线性化处理与迭代数值求解算法,建立可以正确描述焊接物理过程的动态数学解析模型;针对焊接过程中耦合电弧稳定性较差且直接影响焊接质量的问题,提出通过检测弧压波动的反馈信号、实时调节送丝速度、进而控制耦合电弧稳定性的闭环控制方案,并基于快速原型系统进行焊接过程控制仿真与试验。仿真结果表明,当焊接过程受到干扰后,采用闭环控制方案可以显著提高耦合电弧的稳定性;焊接试验证明了控制仿真的预测与分析,进行闭环控制后,焊接过程更加稳定同时得到了成形良好的铝-钢异种金属接头。