Experimental and numerical study on a micro jet cooling solution for high power LEDs

An active cooling solution based on close-looped micro impinging jet is proposed for high power light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this system, a micro pump is utilized to enable the fluid circulation, impinging jet is used for heat exchange between LED chips and the present system. To check the feasibility of the present cooling system, the preliminary experiments are conducted without the intention of parameter opti-mization on micro jet device and other system components. The experiment results demonstrate that the present cooling system can achieve good cooling effect. For a 16.4 W input power, the surface temperature of 2 by 2 LED array is just 44.2℃ after 10 min operation, much lower than 112.2℃, which is measured without any active cool-ing techniques at the same input power. Experimental results also show that increase in the flow rate of micro pump will greatly enhance the heat transfer efficiency, how-ever, it will increase power consumption. Therefore, it should have a trade-off be-tween the flow rate and the power consumption. To find a suitable numerical model for next step parameter optimization, numerical simulation on the above experiment system is also conducted in this paper. The comparison between numerical and ex-periment results is presented. For two by two chip array, when the input power is 4 W, the surface average temperature achieved by a steady numerical simulation is 34℃, which is close to the value of 32.8℃ obtained by surface experiment test. The simu-lation results also demonstrate that the micro jet device in the present cooling sys-tem needs parameter optimization.     

Experimental investigation on transverse jet penetration into a supersonic turbulent crossflow

The paper evaluates the evolvement of coherent structures and penetration height of gaseous transverse jet penetration into a supersonic turbulent flow.The high spatiotemporal resolution coherent structures of the jet plume are obtained by utilizing the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering technique(NPLS).The evolving pattern of the coherent structures generated on the upwind surface of the transverse jet is analyzed based on the NPLS images.The shedding eddies from the jet near-field have lower convection velocity along freestream direction,while vortex growth rate is apparently higher than the far-field.Farther downstream,the large-scale eddies have less deformation and translate at velocities near the freestream velocity.Thus the near-field determines the scale of eddies in the far-field and affects the whole mixing process.The effect of injection stagnation pressure on the coherent structures is discussed and a modified penetration correlation is proposed based on an edge approximation definition and least square method with various injection pressures.     

雷诺数对气固两相圆湍射流影响的实验研究

为了探求气固两相圆湍流射流的特性，研究了不同雷诺数对气固两相圆湍射流的影响.在水平圆喷口近场处使用了粒子图像测速技术(PIV)，对雷诺数分别为6 230、10 010时的气固两相湍流射流进行测试.采用3种粒径的玻璃微珠作为示踪粒子.获得了距喷口出口截面轴向距离为3倍喷口内径处的示踪粒子速度矢量分布.分析比较了不同雷诺数下气相拟序结构对于颗粒扩散的影响.结果表明，随着雷诺数的增大，大颗粒受气相流场的作用更大，颗粒沿轴向的运动刚性加强，颗粒跟随主气流前进的趋势更加明显     

Ghost Fluid方法在运动边界射流问题数值模拟中的应用

把解决多物质流问题的Ghost Fluid方法应用到具有运动边界的单物质流的数值模拟中去,结合求解界面追踪问题的Level-Set方法,提出了有效求解运动边界问题的虚拟流体算法,用数值模拟重现了"声学整流"效应现象,并用等压装配法解决了发生在流体和活塞界面上的"Ovetheating"效应.数值实验表明:水平管道的长度和活塞振动频率是射流形成的关键因素,数值实验中如果频率和长度设置合理,则理想气体在做简谐振动的活塞驱动下,可以产生稳定的射流.     

溃坝水流三维湍流的试验与数值分析

采用假定溃口形状,选取临界漫顶及坝体完全淹没2组不同流量,进行定床物理模型试验,测量了溃口内部水流的垂线流速分布.采用CFD软件FLUENT对2组三维溃坝水流进行全流场湍流数值模拟,其结果与试验值吻合较好,同时较为精细地捕捉到了坝前水位稳定后溃坝水流三维流场、湍动能和壁面剪切应力.结果表明:高强度壁面剪切应力可能为坝体侵蚀主要因素,在坝顶及溃口与坝面的连接处壁面剪切应力及湍动能出现极大值,强湍动能将使得侵蚀的泥沙迅速扩散到水体当中,随着水流的运动向下游输移.三维流动的存在,使得泥沙向下游输运的过程中先向溃口内部集中,到达下游河道后再逐渐扩散到整个河道中.小流量情况下,这一趋势不太明显,随着漫顶流量的增大这一趋势明显增强.以上水力条件可能为溃口迅速展宽、降低的主要因素.     

扑翼气动力特性的数值研究

利用流体力学数值方法有限体积法,研究了低雷诺数下二维蜻蜓翼模型在运动过程中的气动力特性.结果表明:随翼型厚度的增加,其垂直升力和水平推力均有所下降;随着扑动幅值的增加,升力和推力也显著增加;改变扑动频率、升力和推力在频率为30~50Hz的范围内产生一个峰值,符合实际蜻蜓扑动频率范围;改变翼扑动平面倾角发现,随倾角的增大,升力逐渐减小,而推力则稳步增加;在一个扑动周期内,翼的下拍过程主要产生升力,而推力的产生主要来源于翼的上挥运动.     

喷速比对浸没式喷水推进器推进性能的影响

为了研究喷速比对浸没式喷水推进器性能的影响,选取喷速比分别为1.64和1.7的两型浸没式喷水推进泵,运用三元设计方法对两型浸没式喷水推进泵进行了水力设计。运用计算流体力学(CFD)方法分析了浸没式喷水推进泵的水力性能和空化性能。将这两型浸没式喷水推进泵分别安装在某型船上,对两型浸没式喷水推进泵装船后的推进性能进行了CFD数值模拟。研究表明:在设计航速时,两型浸没式喷水推进泵的空化性能都满足要求,并且推进效率都达到了63%以上,但喷速比为1.64时推进效率较高。     

Experimental study on heat transfer enhancement of square-array jet impingement by using an integrated synthetic jet actuator

A novel concept is proposed in the present study for improving the square-array jet impingement heat transfer by integrating a synthetic jet actuator into the array unit. To illustrate the potential of this concept, an experimental investigation is performed,wherein two jet Reynolds numbers(Re = 3000 and 5000), three hole-to-hole pitches(X/d = Y/d = 4, 5 and 6), and three impinging distances(H/d = 2, 6 and 10) are considered while the synthetic jet is actuated at a fixed frequency of 180 Hz with...     

Experimental study and numerical simulation of spread law for fire on tunnel

In order to research spread law and distribution law of temperature nearby fire sources on roadway in mine, according to combustion theory and other basic, the theory model of temperature attenuation was determined under unsteady heat-exchange between wind and roadway wall. The full-size roadway fire simulation experiments were carried out in Chongqing Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corporation. The development processes of mine fire and flow pattern of high temperature gas were analyzed. Experimental roadway is seen as physical model, and through using CFD software, the processes of mine fire have been simulated on computer. The results show that, after fire occurs, if the wind speed is less than the minimum speed which can prevent smoke from rolling back, then the smaller wind speed can cause smoke to roll back easily. Hot plume will lead to secondary disasters in upwind side. Because of roadway wall, hot plume released from roadway fire zone has caused the occurrence of the ceiling jet, and the hot plume has been forced down. Whereas, owing to the higher temperature, buoyancy effect is more obvious. Therefore, smoke rises gradually along the roadway in the flow process, and the hierarchical interface appears wavy.Oxygen-enriched combustion and fuel-enriched combustion are the two kinds of combustion states of fire. The oxygen content of downwind side of fire is maintained at around 15% for oxygen-enriched combustion, and the oxygen content of downwind side of fire is maintained at around 2% for fuel-enriched combustion. Furthermore, fuel-enriched combustion can lead to secondary disasters easily.     

Experimental and numerical study on fretting wear and fatigue of full-scale railway axles

Railway Engineering Science - This study investigated the fretting wear and fatigue of full-scale railway axles. Fatigue tests were conducted on full-scale railway axles, and the fretting wear and...     

大涡模拟气固两相三维湍流射流

为了研究三维矩形射流中拟序结构的空间演化和颗粒扩散特征，建立了气固两相矩形射流流场内气体、颗粒两相运动的大涡模拟数学模型，并在此基础上完成了对流动雷诺数等于11 500的气固两相射流的数值模拟.采用亚网格应力模型模拟气相场,并用Lagrangian方法跟踪了颗粒相运动.模拟结果显示了流场流向涡拟序结构随时间发展的演变过程，同时给出了气流相三维拟序结构作用下微细颗粒在整个流场空间中的运动扩散特性.     

装配式双梁多柱节点框架试验和数值模拟

为研究水平静力荷载下不同角件节点传力特点,以某拟建新型装配式组合轻体板结构住宅工程为研究背景,取其两层一跨平面结构体系为试验原型,设计了包括L型、T型、十字型和灌浆L型4种节点的足尺框架模型的水平静力加载试验,对不同节点形式钢框架的工作性能与破坏特征进行研究,并与ABAQUS数值模拟进行对比验证.根据试验和数值模拟结果,得出了不同节点框架的初始刚度和极限荷载,以及不同截面位置上的应变值.结果表明:新型轻体板结构角件节点连接性能良好,钢框架发生梁铰破坏,节点部位完好,满足“强柱弱梁”与“强节点弱构件”的设计要求；T型节点双柱协同性能较好,L型、十字型节点的柱子易发生变形；节点小斜撑提高了钢框架初始刚度的38%,节点灌浆提高了钢框架初始刚度的14%,双梁完全独立工作,多柱不完全独立工作,通过应变分析与理论推导提出了双梁多柱的等效抗弯刚度计算方法,数值模拟与试验吻合较好,验证了结论的正确性.     

摇摆运动条件下自然循环流动的实验和理论研究

针对摇摆运动对自然循环流动的影响，开展了实验和理论研究．实验分摇摆实验和不摇摆实验2部分，实验结果表明：摇摆造成了自然循环流量周期性波动，波动周期与摇摆周期一致，波动振幅随摇摆频率和摇摆振幅的增加而增加，同时摇摆造成了自然循环平均流量的降低．通过构建数学模型，对摇摆运动条件下的自然循环流动进行了理论计算，计算结果和实验结果符合良好．同时，分析了摇摆对自然循环影响的机理，结果表明，流动阻力系数的增加是造成自然循环平均流量降低的主要因素．     

Experimental and numerical study on the dynamic shear banding mechanism of HfNbZrTi high entropy alloy

High-entropy alloys(HEAs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their unique mechanical properties.In this work, the mechanism of dynamic shear banding(also called adiabatic shear bands, ASBs) in a BCC HEA HfNbZrTi was investigated combining dynamic experiments and numerical simulations. The temperature evolution during dynamic shear banding, which has been believed to play a dominant role during ASB formation in the literature, was measured using high-speed infrared t...     

砂层盾构隧道泥水劈裂试验与数值研究

开展砂层盾构隧道泥水劈裂平面模型试验,研究不同覆土厚度条件下的泥水劈裂破坏机制、土体表面竖向位移和土体内部土压力变化规律. 结果显示,劈裂机制为加压泥浆向掘削空间表面砂层渗透形成致密砂层及其表面泥膜（泥膜-砂层结构）,泥膜-砂层结构在泥浆挤压作用下发生拉剪破坏. 劈裂压力随覆土厚度的增加呈近似线性增大. 劈裂扩展从刀盘顶部起始分别呈“斜直线”或“先竖直后斜线”型向上扩展. 基于自主开发的模拟泥水劈裂的有限元计算程序,参照模型试验建立二维数值模型,计算获得与模型试验较一致的劈裂扩展形态以及土体内部竖向位移与水平位移的变化规律. 结果表明,土体竖直向位移主要分布在刀盘上方以劈裂面为边界的“三角形”区域内,土体水平位移主要分布在掘削面土层.     

砂浆内钢筋锈胀应力监测与数值模拟研究

钢筋锈蚀是导致海洋混凝土结构失效破坏的最主要原因,探明钢筋锈胀应力发展及其诱导混凝土开裂的过程对于钢筋混凝土服役寿命预测有重要意义。采用内掺盐与恒电位加速砂浆内钢筋锈蚀,通过砂浆外不锈钢圆环环贴应变片实现钢筋锈蚀过程的应变监测,并计算锈胀应力,利用COMSOL软件分析混凝土中钢筋锈胀应力发展及混凝土锈胀开裂历程。结果表明：利用有限元与钢筋锈胀时变径向位移加载,实现钢筋混凝土锈胀开裂过程的模拟,模拟结果与试验结果基本一致;不考虑砂浆、钢筋的非均匀性及锈蚀产物对开裂砂浆的充填效应,模拟结果不能真实反映锈胀应力的波动性及锈胀应力释放与缓慢增加的过程;提高砂浆强度、减小钢筋直径可以有效延缓钢筋锈胀导致混凝土开裂的时间。     

细水雾抑制油池火的实验研究和数值模拟

基于湍流大涡模型,建立了细水雾与油池火相互作用的数值模型.研究表明,数值模拟结果可以反映出细水雾加入前温度缓慢上升以及加入细水雾使温度下降的趋势,平均误差在8%以内,说明数值模拟和实验有较好的吻合;雾滴直径和操作压力是细水雾灭火效能的主要影响因素,提高操作压力会加强细水雾对火羽流的热烟气降温效果,使用200μm粒径的细水雾效果最好,能保证足够的穿透力和滞留时间;火焰冷却、衰减辐射及降低火焰区氧气浓度等在灭火初期起到很强的作用.     

聚脲喷涂钢制罐体抗爆性能试验及数值模拟研究

为考查聚脲涂层对钢制罐体抗爆能力的增强效果,对内侧喷涂聚脲涂层的缩尺模型罐和无涂层模型罐进行两次地面爆炸试验,并采集罐体测点位移时程及残余变形等响应数据。采用LS-DYNA软件中的ALE流固耦合分析方法对罐体的爆炸响应过程进行有限元模拟,并考查涂层粘接设定、罐体材料及涂层厚度对涂层防护效果的影响。试验结果表明,内侧喷涂聚脲涂层能显著降低罐体的最大位移及残余变形。数值模拟结果表明,聚脲涂层与钢板间的不同接触设置对罐体位移峰值的影响可以忽略,而对罐体残余位移影响较大;随着钢材屈服强度的提高,聚脲涂层位移的降低率逐渐减小;增大涂层厚度可减小罐体变形,但带来的增益不断降低。     

纳米流体流动传热性能的实验与模拟研究

为了研究高温冷却条件下,γ-Al2O3-PG90纳米流体作为冷却介质在一车用机油冷却器内的流动传热性能,采用三维k-ε湍流模型,应用块结构网格生成技巧,融合流固耦合研究方法和薄壳导热模型数值模拟了纳米流体的性能,进行了基液与纳米流体的性能对比计算,分析了纳米粒子体积分数对性能的影响,考察了纳米流体物性预测模型的普适性,并研究了将纳米流体视为单相流体进行性能分析的可行性,通过实验测试得到了性能数据.研究发现:与基液相比,纳米流体强化换热效果明显,流动阻力有所增加,随着纳米粒子体积分数的增加,传热性能提高,流动阻力增加,说明该物性预测模型不能普适,当纳米粒子体积分数大于3%时,将纳米流体视为单相流体的性能研究结果与实验数据偏差较大,可能原因是单相流体流动无法反映较多的粒子之间的相互作用.